HSB WEEK 12

Answer the following questions.

(1) State three differences between the structure of an artery and a vein and provide a reason
for each difference.

The arteries transport blood away from the heart to the body tissues and organs.

The veins transport blood back towards the heart from body tissues and organs.

Arteries blood flows through under high pressure. The veins blood flows through under low
pressure.

Arteries blood is oxygenated except in the pulmonary arteries. The vein ,blood is
deoxygenated except in the pulmonary veins.

(2) Explain (a) How blood flow through the heart is maintained in one direction.

The pumping of the heart maintains a constant circulation of blood around the body.

(b)Why the wall of the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle.
The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle because it has to
pump longer distances and in the pulmonary and aorta as they leave the ventricle to ensure
that the blood flows through the heart in one direction.

(3) Distinguish between systole and diastole.

Diastole represents ventricular filling, and systole represents ventricular

contraction/ejection. Systole and diastole occur in both the right and left heart, though
with very different pressures

(4) Explain to Naomi why humans need a double circulation.

A double circulation is necessary because blood loses pressure when it passes through the
lungs so it goes back to the heart to be given enough pressure to reach body organs to
supply them with oxygen.

(5) Draw a simple flow diagram to show the pathway that a red blood cell takes as it journeys
from the lungs around the body and back to the lungs
 (6) What happens during a heart attack and how is it caused?

A heart attack occurs when an artery that sends blood and oxygen to the heart is
blocked. Fatty, cholesterol-containing deposits build up over time, forming plaques in
the heart's arteries. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form. The clot can block
arteries, causing a heart attack.

(7) Explain the relationship between blood plasma, tissue fluid and lymph.

The role of blood plasma is to carry oxygen to the needy tissues. The role of tissue
fluid is to transport nutrients from the blood to the cells also, the exchange of gas
takes place. Tissue Fluid when entering a lymphatic capillary is known as lymph.

(8) Give four functions of the lymphatic system.

The main roles of the lymphatic system include:

● managing the fluid levels in the body.

● reacting to bacteria.
● dealing with cancer cells.
● dealing with cell products that otherwise would result in disease or disorders.
GOOD WORK!