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Horizons Exploring The Universe Enhanced 13Th Edition Seeds Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Horizons Exploring The Universe Enhanced 13Th Edition Seeds Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Absolute zero is
a. zero degrees Celsius.
b. the temperature at which atoms have no remaining energy from which we can extract heat.
c. the temperature at which water freezes.
d. both a and c.
e. none of the above.
ANS: B PTS: 1
Figure 6-1
4. A plot of the continuous spectra of five different stars is shown in Figure 6-1. Based on these spectra,
which of the stars is the hottest?
a. Star A
b. Star B
c. Star C
d. Star D
e. Star E
ANS: A PTS: 1
5. A plot of the continuous spectra of five different stars is shown in Figure 6-1. Based on these spectra,
which of the stars has the lowest temperature?
a. Star A
b. Star B
c. Star C
d. Star D
e. Star E
ANS: E PTS: 1
7. A(n) ____ contains two or more atoms that are bound together by exchanging or sharing electrons with
each other.
a. nucleus
b. ion
c. proton
d. electron cloud
e. molecule
ANS: E PTS: 1
8. The ____ of a gas is a measure of the average speed of the particles (atoms or molecules) in the gas.
a. heat
b. composition
c. temperature
d. blue shift
e. binding energy
ANS: C PTS: 1
Diagram 6-1
9. In Diagram 6-1, which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the smallest energy?
a. Transition 1
b. Transition 2
c. Transition 3
d. Transition 4
e. Transition 5
ANS: E PTS: 1
10. In Diagram 6-1, which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the greatest energy?
a. Transition 1
b. Transition 2
c. Transition 3
d. Transition 4
e. Transition 5
ANS: D PTS: 1
14. You are standing near a railroad track and a train is moving toward you at 60 mph and blowing its
horn. What will you notice as the train moves past you?
a. As the train approaches, the horn will sound lower in pitch than when the train is moving
away.
b. As the train approaches, the horn will sound higher in pitch than when the train is moving
away.
c. There will be no change in the pitch of the horn as it moves by.
d. The horn will get louder as the train moves away from you.
e. The horn will get quieter as the train moves toward you.
ANS: B PTS: 1
15. Which of the following can be determined by using the Doppler effect?
a. I & IV
b. II & III
c. II & IV
d. I & III
e. I, III, & IV
ANS: E PTS: 1
Diagram 6-2
16. Diagram 6-2 illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line
of sight would an observer see an absorption spectrum?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 2 and 3
e. none of them
ANS: C PTS: 1
17. Diagram 6-2 illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line
of sight would an observer see a continuous spectrum?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 2 and 3
e. none of them
ANS: A PTS: 1
18. Diagram 6-2 illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line
of sight would an observer see an emission spectrum?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 2 and 3
e. none of them
ANS: B PTS: 1
19. The ____ is responsible for binding the electrons to the nucleus.
a. Kirchhoff's law
b. ground state
c. temperature
d. Coulomb force
e. Balmer series
ANS: D PTS: 1
20. ____ has a negative charge and a mass about 1800 times smaller than a proton.
a. A neutron
b. An electron
c. A molecule
d. A nucleus
e. An isotope
ANS: B PTS: 1
23. The temperature of an object from which no heat energy can be extracted is
a. 0 F.
b. 0 C.
c. 0 K.
d. 100 K.
e. 100 C.
ANS: C PTS: 1
24. Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called
a. ions.
b. molecules
c. atomic pairs.
d. nuclear pairs.
e. isotopes.
ANS: E PTS: 1
25. If you move an electron in an atom from a low energy level to a higher energy level within the atom,
we say that the atom is
a. in the ground state.
b. ionized.
c. dissociated.
d. in an excited state.
e. neutralized.
ANS: D PTS: 1
26. The radiation emitted from a star has a maximum intensity at a wavelength of 300 nm. What is the
temperature of this star?
a. 300 K
b. 100 K
c. 900,000,000 K
d. 90,000 K
e. 10,000 K
ANS: E PTS: 1
27. At what wavelength would a star radiate the greatest amount of energy if the star has a surface
temperature of 60,000 K?
a. 50 nm
b. 500 nm
c. 300 nm
d. 1.81011 nm
e. 180 nm
ANS: A PTS: 1
28. The sun has a surface temperature of approximately 5800 K. At what wavelength does the maximum
energy radiated by the sun occur?
a. 5800 nm
b. 300 nm
c. 174 nm
d. 500 nm
e. 3000 nm
ANS: D PTS: 1
29. One star has a temperature of 30,000 K and another star has a temperature of 6,000 K. Compared to
the cooler star, how much more energy per second will the hotter star radiate from each square meter
of its surface?
a. 5 times
b. 25 times
c. 8.11017 times
d. 625 times
e. 1.31015 times
ANS: D PTS: 1
30. One star has a temperature of 10,000 K and another star has a temperature of 5,000 K. Compared to
the cooler star, how much more energy per second will the hotter star radiate from each square meter
of its surface?
a. 16 times
b. 2 times
c. 11016 times
d. 625 times
e. 25 times
ANS: A PTS: 1
31. How much energy is radiated each second by one square meter of a star whose temperature is 10,000
K? Note: in the Stefan-Boltzmann law is equal to .
a. 5.671012 J
b. 5.67108 J
c. 5.67104 J
d. 300 nm
e. 300,000,000 nm
ANS: B PTS: 1
32. The H line has a wavelength of 410.2 nm when observed in the laboratory. If the H line appears in a
stars spectrum at 410.0 nm, what is the radial velocity of the star?
a. 146 km/s away from the observer
b. 146 km/s toward the observer
c. 6.0107 m/s away from the observer
d. 6.0107 m/s toward the observer
e. The radial velocity of the star cannot be determined from this information.
ANS: B PTS: 1
33. The H line has a wavelength of 434.0 nm when observed in the laboratory. If the H line appears in a
stars spectrum at 434.5 nm, what is the radial velocity of the star?
a. 346 km/s away from the observer
b. 346 km/s toward the observer
c. 1.3108 m/s away from the observer
d. 1.3108 m/s toward the observer
e. The radial velocity of the star cannot be determined from this information.
ANS: A PTS: 1
34. The binding energy of the first level in an atom is 2.21018 J, and the binding energy of the second
energy level is 1.61018 J. What is the energy of the photon that is emitted if an electron moves from
the second level to the first?
a. 3.310-18 J
b. 3.510-36 J
c. 1.4 J
d. 3.510-18 J
e. 6.010-19 J
ANS: E PTS: 1
35. Which of the following cannot be determined from the spectrum of a star?
a. chemical composition
b. surface temperature
c. radial (along line of sight) velocity
d. tangential (perpendicular to line of sight) velocity
e. both c and d
ANS: D PTS: 1
38. The bluer the light, the ____ each photon contains.
a. more energy
b. less energy
c. less speed
d. more speed
e. none of the above
ANS: A PTS: 1
39. Each element has its own set of characteristic absorption lines because
a. the temperature of each element can varies.
b. elements can exist in different forms of matter.
c. electron energy levels differ for each element.
d. each element has a different mass.
e. absorption lines depend upon the speed of the object.
ANS: C PTS: 1
40. The Doppler effect states that the motion of any object can
a. shift the wavelength of spectral lines.
b. change the speed of light emitted from the object.
c. enhance the chemical composition of the object.
d. make the object appear hotter.
e. make the object appear cooler.
ANS: A PTS: 1
41. The radiation emitted from a star has a maximum intensity at a wavelength of 500 nm. What is the
temperature of this star?
a. 6,000 K
b. 5,000 K
c. 1.5109 K
d. 500 K
e. 10,000 K
ANS: A PTS: 1
42. At what wavelength would a star radiate the greatest amount of energy if the star has a surface
temperature of 10,000 K?
a. 10 nm
b. 100 nm
c. 300 nm
d. 1.0104 nm
e. 3.01010 nm
ANS: C PTS: 1
44. The most massive part of the atom is(are) the ____ which has(have) a ____ charge.
a. electrons; negative
b. nucleus; negative
c. electrons; positive
d. nucleus; positive
ANS: D PTS: 1
46. The number of ____ in the nucleus determines what element the nucleus is.
a. protons
b. electrons
c. neutrons
d. None of these determines the element.
e. All of these determines the element.
ANS: A PTS: 1
48. The process of making an electron less tightly bound to an atom’s nucleus is known as
a. excitation.
b. Doppler broadening.
c. collisional broadening.
d. a red shift.
e. quantum mechanics.
ANS: A PTS: 1
49. If continuous spectrum light from a star passes through a cool, low-density gas on its way to your
telescope and spectroscope, ____ spectrum on the continuous spectrum results.
a. a dark (absorption) line
b. a bright (emission) line
c. continuous
ANS: A PTS: 1
51. Suppose the laboratory wavelength of a spectral line is 600 nm. In a star it is measured to be 599.4 nm.
Is the star moving toward or away from us, relative to the line of sight? How fast is it moving?
(Hint: c = 300,000 km/s)
a. toward; 300 km/s
b. away; 300 km/s
c. at rest; 0 km/s
d. sideways; 300 km/s
e. toward; 150 km/s
ANS: A PTS: 1
52. If a light-emitting object is moving away from you, you observe its wavelengths to be ________ its
wavelengths if it were at rest.
a. longer than
b. shorter than
c. the same as
ANS: A PTS: 1
53. Two white dwarf stars are the same size, but one has a surface temperature twice as hot as the other.
The hotter star will radiate
a. half as much energy per second as the cooler star.
b. the same amount of energy per second as the cooler star.
c. four times as much energy per second as the cooler star.
d. sixteen times as much energy per second as the cooler star.
ANS: D PTS: 1
54. A very bright UFO is seen near the moon's orbit. An astronomer takes a spectrum of it and discovers
it has a bright line spectrum on a dark background. The earth's population is near panic when the
astronomer announces the UFO is
a. a metal spacecraft.
b. a giant rock about to hit Earth.
c. a glowing cloud of gas.
d. a star like the sun.
ANS: C PTS: 1
55. The wavelength of the hydrogen line from level 1 to level 2 in a hot star is ____________ the
wavelength of the same line in a cool star. The stars have the same radial velocities away from Earth.
a. larger than.
b. the same as
c. smaller than
d. not enough information to answer
ANS: B PTS: 1
56. Which one of the hydrogen atoms below is EMITTING light? The electron jumps from the
a. second energy level to first (most bound).
b. third energy level to fourth.
c. fourth energy level to fifth.
d. second energy level to third.
e. first energy level to second.
ANS: A PTS: 1
57. Which one of the hydrogen atoms below is EMITTING light at a wavelength in the Balmer series?
a. second energy level to first (most bound)
b. third energy level to second
c. fourth energy level to third
d. second energy level to third
e. first energy level to second
ANS: B PTS: 1
58. The figure shows a color image of Betelgeuse, a red giant star. Which of the surface temperatures
below best matches Betelgeuse's surface temperature? Hint: Our sun at 6000 K is yellow.
a. 64,000 K
b. 32,000 K
c. 16,000 K
d. 8000 K
e. 2000 K
ANS: E PTS: 1
COMPLETION
1. In the diagram below, draw the transition that would emit a photon with the smallest wavelength.
PTS: 1
ANS: temperature
PTS: 1
ANS: ionization
PTS: 1
4. ____________________ is a measure of the amount of energy due to the motion of the particles in a
gas, liquid, or solid.
ANS: Heat
PTS: 1
5. If one star has a temperature of 4000 K and another star has a temperature of 40,000 K, how much
more energy per second will the hotter star radiate from each square meter of its surface?
____________________
ANS:
10,000 times
ten thousand times
ten-thousand times
PTS: 1
6. The peak wavelength in the continuous emission spectrum of a body is inversely proportional to its
____________________.
ANS: temperature
PTS: 1
7. When the electrons in an atom are in their lowest possible energy levels, the atom is said to be in its
____________________ state.
ANS: ground
PTS: 1
8. Earth's atmosphere blocks most forms of electromagnetic radiation from entering except for
____________________ and ____________________.
ANS:
visible light, radio waves
radio waves, visible light
PTS: 1
TRUE/FALSE
ANS: T PTS: 1
ANS: T PTS: 1
ANS: T PTS: 1
ANS: F PTS: 1
6. The Doppler effect is sensitive only to motion along the line of sight.
ANS: T PTS: 1
ANS: T PTS: 1
ANS: F PTS: 1
9. Hydrogen lines are weak in the spectra of hot stars because many of the hydrogen atoms are ionized.
ANS: T PTS: 1
ANS: T PTS: 1
11. An atom is ionized if one of its electrons jumps to a higher energy level in the atom.
ANS: F PTS: 1
12. Blue stars emit most of their energy at shorter wavelengths than red stars..
ANS: T PTS: 1
ESSAY
1. Describe the appearance of each of the three types of spectra described by Kirchhoff's laws. Describe
how each of the three types of spectra is formed.
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
2. Why should photons emitted by a hotter gas have, on average, shorter wavelengths than photons
emitted by a cooler gas?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
4. What would the spectrum of hydrogen look like if we could see into the ultraviolet?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
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virtues of the “Elixir,” systematically purging the system of those
dormant and inactive particles, which frustrate the action of the
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In all cases of incontinence of urine, fluor albus, gleet, painful and
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properly persevered in, a cure has in all cases been effected, and
what had been supposed incurable natural defects proved to be only
some deranged state of the functions.
As there are many who pine and grieve for children—who feel
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CONCLUDING REMARKS.
1. The following table exhibits the ages of three hundred and twenty-six
females, at which they began to menstruate. It is furnished me by Mr. Robertson,
in the North of England Medical and Surgical Journal.
To this list may be added the case related by Madame Boivin, in her account of
a new case of abortion. The subject of this case commenced to menstruate at seven
years of age, and did so regularly after her tenth year.
2. We could record a number of instances where the menses were continued
much beyond their ordinary period, and where, after ceasing some time, they were
resumed with their accustomed regularity; but we shall limit our observations to
one case, and that because it is recent and well authenticated. This case is recorded
in the Ann. Univ. de Med. A female aged ninety-four continued to menstruate from
the fifty-third to the ninety-fourth year. Her relatives were remarkable for their
longevity; she is at present in perfect health.—American Journal of the Medical
Sciences for Feb. 1831.
3. Diaphoretic Powder.
38. Some German poet, whose name has escaped me, says,
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