Statistics

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VARIABLE 1
- any information, attribute, characteristic, ;if x=0
4
number, or quantity that describes a person,
place, event, thing or idea that can be P ( X )= 1 ;if x=1
measured or counted
2
- can be qualitative or quantitative (discrete or
1
;if x=2
continuous) 4
DISCRETE VARIABLE where x i s the number o heads when tossing a pair
- a quantitative variable whose value can only be of unbiased coins.
attained through counting PROBABILITY MASS FUNCTION OF A
- it can be finite in number of possible values or DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE
countably infinite if the counting process has o end PROBABILITY MASS FUNCTION
CONTINUOUS VARIABLE - a probability distribution function of a
- a quantitative variable that can assume an infinitely discrete random variable
many, uncountable number of real number - it assigns a probability value to each
RANDOM VARIABLE sample point
- a variable whose value is dependent to the  The probability mass function
outcome of a well-defined random event f (x) for a discrete random
or experiment variable X is specified by
SAMPLE SPACE giving the values of
- the set of all possible outcomes in an f ( x ) = P( X = x ) for all
experiment
x in the range of X .
* each outcome is called sample point
DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
- a table of values that shows the
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE
probability of any of the outcomes of
- if the outcome in an experiment has only countable or
an experiment
countably infinite number of outcomes
Example:
CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE
The discrete probability distribution of getting a head
- if the outcome in an experiment can take an
in tossing a 3 unbiased coins
uncountably infinite number of possible outcomes
Number of Heads 0 1 2 3
within a specified real number interval.
POSSIBLE VALUES OF A RANDOM VARIABLE
( x)
- values that are obtained from functions that assign a P( X =x) 1 3 3 1
real number to each point of a sample space 8 8 8 8
Example:
Consider tossing a pair of unbiased coins. Let H stands Find the probability of getting 2 to 3 heads
for a head and T stands for a tail. The possible sample Number of Heads 2 3
space is { TT, TH, HT, HH }. ( x)
If we are interested in the number of heads, each P( X =x) 3 1
sample point in the sample space would become { 0, 1, 8 8
2 }. ∴ The probability of getting 2 to 3 heads
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION is
- a function P(X) that shows the relative probability
P (2 ≤ X ≤3 ) =P ( X=2 ) + P( X=3)
that each outcome of an experiment will happen
3 1
Example: = +
Consider tossing a pair of unbiased coins. 8 8
S = { TT, TH, HT, HH } 4 1
= =
No Heads One Head Two Heads 8 2
T T TH H H PROBABILITY HISTOGRAM
1 HT 1 - it shows the relative probabilities of the
4 21 4 sample points in a form of a bar graph
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