Fluid Mechanics Questions Latest Fluld Mechanics MCO Objective Questions A ean tana) PS Ela mee Ce Cl Ll) eee osc re i ae) drones Question Bank Beas Download App Question 1: View this Question Online > Select the correct option on the basis of the statements given below. ‘Statement I: For idealized Bernoulli’ flow through a pipe, the Energy grade line is always horizontal and Hydraulic gradient line is parallel to the Energy grade line. Statement Il: Hydraulic gradient line is defined as the line which gives the sum of pressure head (0/y) and datum head (z) of a flowing fluid in a pipe w.rt some reference line. 1. Statement lis true, but statement Il is false. 2. Both statements | and Ilaretrua, 3. Statement Il is truey but statement | is false. 's | and Il are false. 4, Both Stateme XeM Colm) Me Ua CLL Ute measles Ge Ce) Answer (Detailed S Option 3 : Statement Il is true, but statement is false. Explore various topics from Fluid Mechanics here with us. We have hundreds of chapters with detailed explanations to help you elevate your preparation level. Explore Testbook Leam! Fluid Mechanics Question 1 Detailed Solution : Concept: Energy gradient line is defined as the line which gives the sum of pressure head, datum head, and kinetic head of a flowing fluid in a pipe “i to some reference line. TEL=?+ +z a Pressure head - p/y Kinetic head - V2/2g Datum head-z For idealized Bernoulli flow, losses are zero and TEL will be nothing but the Bernoulli equation which is always constant. Hence, it will be horizontal. Hydraulic gradient line is defined as the line which gives the sum of pressure head (p/y) and datum head (z) of a flowing fluid in a pipe w.r.t some reference line HGL P4y = For HGL to be constant (Horizontal), the velocity should be constant (uniform). Here, it is not mentioned uniform diameter, so it is not always horizontal, Therefore, statement | is false and statement II is true.Ps ers any hacia) SS ETa merle ee LiCl) Rea ess sterClasses Question Bank Download App ieee eco mice Mi exer 22 Question 2: View this Question Online > a A Kaplan turbine: 1. Has poorer part-load efficiency than.a Francis turbine 2. Is used normally in high head hydro-power plants 3. Has adjustable runner blades A. impulse turbine Answer (Detalled Solution Below) Option 3 : Has adjustable runner blades Fluid Mechanics Question 2 Detailed Solution Explanation: If the water flows parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft, the turbine is known as an axial flow turbine. For the axial flow reaction turbine, the shaft of the turbine is vertical. The lower end of the shaft is made larger which is known as a hub or boss. When the vanes on the hub are adjustable then the turbine is known as the Kaplan turbine and when the vanes are fixed to the hub then the turbine is known as the Propeller turbine, Kaplan turbine is a low-head axial flow turbine with an adjustable vane. > Important Points Classification of turbines on various basis is given in the table below:Flow | Energy | Head —_| Specific speed) Example High Low patton iTangential!PU'S® | (300 m and ee ig above) | (Gamo RPM) | “turbine { Medium Medium ; - Francis Radial |Reaction) (39 rm t0300 | (60-300) | turbine m) RPM High Low (300-600) | Propeller (less than go | RPM turbine m) E Reaction (600-1000) | Kaplan RPM turbine eee ane poeta) Start Complete Exam Preparation Pyar ous Mock Tests aca Cesare Excise Download App Question 3: View this Question Online > In case of a vertical rectangular lamina exposed on one side to liquid having depth h, the depth of centre of pressure will be: 1. 2h/3 2. 2 3. sh/4 (" AL h/3 coo AG jon Below) ition 1: 2h/3 Fluid Mechanics Question 3 Detailed Solution Concept: + According to Pascal's Law, the pressure or intensity of pressure at a point in a static fluid is equal in all directions. + For a plane surface of arbitrary shape immersed in a liquid in such a way that the plane of the surface makes an angle with the free surface of the liquid: A= Total area of an inclined surface, h = Depth of centre of gravity of inclined area from a free surface, Inclined immersed surface ot +a [sin 4h pes ye For vertical plane surface: 8 = 90° oO he=teo +h : \o Centre of the pressure of rectangular plate: SF “cP b Consider a rectangular plate of width b and height h is immersed in water. i= Depth of centre of gravity of rectangular plate from free surface = h/2 Ares h? Moment of inertia through centre of gravity. I; = bh3/12+ — I,sin’é kh h= Distance of centre of pressure from the free surface of a liquid="* ~ “2y-~ +A For vertical plane surface: 6 = 90° ra fesn® pa =2h he= +h rh=2 me > Tee a ur parton) Start Complete Exam Preparation ee Fala PO Seterny Cree ead Download App Question 4: View this Question Online > Flow of water in a pipe about 3 meters in diameter can be measured by: 1. Orifice plate 2. Venturi meter 3. Rotameter 4, Pitot tube Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Pitot tube Fluid Mechanics Question 4 Detailed Solution Explanation: Pitot Tube + Pitot Tube is a device used calculating the velocity of flow at any point in a pipe or a channel.ibout 3 metres in diameter can be measured by Pitot tube. ple that if the velocity of flow at a point becomes zero, the pressure there the conversion of the kinetic energy into pressure energy. the free surface of the water stream * Since the static pressure, under this situation, is equal to the hydrostatic pressure due to its depth below the free surface, the difference in level between the liquid in the glass tube and the = * free surface becomes the measure of dynamic pressurePo — P = “5 = 09 where po, p and V are the stagnation pressure, static pressure and velocity respectively at point A + Such @ tube is known as a Pitot tube and provides one of the most accurate means of measuring the fluid velocity a e> ie liquid flows up the tube and when equilibrium is attained, the liquid reaches a height above Simple Pitot Tube: (a) tube for measuring the stagnation pressure (b) static and stagnation tubes together + For an open stream of liquid with a free surface, this single tube is sufficient to determine the velocity, but for a fluid flowing through a closed duct, the Pitot tube measures only the stagnation pressure and so the static pressure must be measured separately. © Additional InformationOrifice meter Venturimeter |The orifice meter is lused for measuring the rates of flow in incompressible ‘fluid only. /enturimeter is used jor measuring rates of iflow in both incompressible and jcompressible fluids. Simple in construction Relatively complex in jconstruction [Relatively cheap Expensive Head losses are Head losses are more insignificant. [Energy loss is more Energy loss is less efficient of lischarge is about 61 Coefficient of jdischarge is 0.98 Low sare requirement (Occupies more space Rotameter: + Rotameter works as a constant pressure drop variable area meter that measures the flow rate of fluid in a closed tube, Pipe — Flow Clear, tapered glass tube Float Slop eeese an roti Rarely Start Complete Exam Preparation Por forces aeaucd Creer RrraDownload App Question 5: 2 View this Question Online > Barometer is used to measure: so 1. Pressure in pipes, channel etc % 2 " / 2. Atmospheric pressure 3 ‘ low presstre 4, Difference of pressure between two points Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Atmospheric pressure Fluid Mechanics Question 5 Detailed Solution + Barometer: A barometer is an instrument that is used to measure atmospheric pressure ina particular environment. \% + Atmospheric pressure: It is the pressure exerted by a column of air of a unit surface area on the surface of the Earth. + The correct answer is Used to measure atmospheric pressure. 8 tety teeyd ~ + The formula to calculate the atmospheric pressure is, P,=pgh + The reading in the barometer can be calculated by the formula =Where, p = density of mercury, g = acceleration due to gravity, and h = vertical distance. ee ean Bora PS Tamed Ce Lol) PEAR Rees. Crear raed aa MasterClasses reer & Quizzes Download App Question 6 View this Question Online > Inthe stability of floating bodies, the stable equilibrium is attained if the meta centre (M) point the centre of gravity (6). 1. lies above 2. coincides with 3. is parallel to 4. lies below Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : lies above Fluid Mechanics Question 6 Detailed Solution Explanation: In the stability of floating bodies, the stable equilibrium is attained if the metacentre (M) point lies above the centre of gravity (6). ‘The partially submerged body resembles the floating body, where the weight of the body is balanced by the buoyaney force acting in the upwards direction. The stability of the floating is governed by the _ metacentre of the floating body.. ial + [tis the point about which a body starts oscillating when the body is tilted by a small angle. + It is the point where the line of action of buoyancy will meet the normal axis of the body when the body is given a small angular displacement. Stability of floating bodies: Stable equilibrium M is above G Unstable equilibrium M is below G 1. Stable equilibrium: The metacentre is above the centre of gravity of the body, then the disturbing couple is balanced by restoring couple, the body will be in stable equilibrium. 2. Unstable equilibrium: The metacentre is below the centre of gravity of the body, then the disturbing couple is supported by restoring couple, the body will be in unstable equilibrium 3. Neutral equilibrium: The metacentre and the centre of gravity coincides at the same point, then the body is in neutral equilibrium, Stability of submerged bodies: In the case of the submerged body the centre of gravity and centre of buoyancy is fixed, therefore the stability or instability is decided by the relative positions of the centre of buoyancy and the centre of gravity. 1. Stable equilibrium: For stable equilibrium, the body the centre of buoyancy is above the centre of gravity. The disturbing couple is countered by the restoring couple. Free surface Ww {a) (b) A Submerged body in Stable Equilibrium 2. Unstable equilibrium: For unstable equilibrium, the centre of buoyancy is below the centre of gra of the body, the disturbing couple is supported by the restoring couple. cou, O == 0°A Submerged body in Unstable Equilibrium 3. Neutral equilibrium: when the centre of gravity and the centre of buoyancy coincide then it is the state of neutral equilibrium. A Submerged body in Neutral Equilibrium ieee reer Start Complete Exam Preparation Cea er reed foc Mock Tests Ey DOS Cuenca (ere Download App Question 7 View this Question Online > Bernoulli's equation is applied to 1. Venturimeter2. Orifice meter 3. Pitot tube meter Noe 4. all “x & a Solution Below) Option 4 : Alll of the above Fluid Mechanics Question 7 Detailed Solution CONCEPT: Bernoull's principle: For e streamlined flow of an ideal liquid in a varying cross-section tube the total energy per unit volume remains constant throughout the fluid. + This means that in steady flow the sum of all forms of mechanical energy in a fluid along a streamline is the same at all points on that streamline. From Bernoulli's principle P, ty? = P24gh, + ai teh t+ jvi= 3 gh. 2 gh consent MA EXPLANATION: + From above it is clear that Bernoulli's equation states that the summation of pressure head, kinetic head, and datum/potential head is constant for steady, incompressible, rotational, and non-viscous flow. + In other words, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy ic. the total energy of a flowing system remains constant until an external force is applied. + So Bemoulli’s equation refers to the conservation of energy. + Allof the above are the measuring devices like Venturimeter, Orifice meter, and Pitot tube meter works on the Bernoulli's theorem. Therefore option 4 is correct.Teer parc Start Complete Exam Preparation aerated a Cree earns Pais Download App Question 8 View thi Question Online > A vertical triangular plane area, submerged in water, with one side in the free surface, vertex downward and latitude ‘h’ was the pressure centre below the free surface by 1. n/4 2 W/3 3. 2h/3 4/2 ‘Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: h/2 Fluld Mechanics Question 8 Detalled Solution Centre of pressure +r b sr y=K+ hk = h=X+ 12Important point: Centre of pressure II z didnD = (a8) arr 4) d|( & Tee ee lay pyre Start Complete Exam Preparation Prue eacd as PO cier reser Pact Download App Question 9 View this Question Online Ina stream line steady flow, two points A and B on a stream line are 1 m apart and the flow velocity varies uniformly from 2 m/s to 5 m/s. What is the acceleration of fluid at B? 1. sini? om om Re 3. 9m/s? 4, 15 m/s?Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: 15 m/s? Fluid Mechanics Question 9 Detailed Solution Concept: For flow along a stream line acceleration is given as Inv=ts.t) shen, dV = St ds + dt aWawyayo OS oe a ae wv For steady flow #- ~ 9 =Wy ds Then? > oe % or oy = de Since V = f(s) only for steady flow therefore or — > =Vx@ Therefore @= Vx oF Calculation: Given, Va = 2 m/s, Vp = 5 m/s, and distance s = 1m av = 6-2) = = Seas So acceleration of fluid at B is ag =Vg x WY =5x3=15 & eee eur barely Start Complete Exam Preparation capes ey (eae Posed Question Bank Download App PioQuestion 10 : View this Question Online > Which one of the following laws is applicable to a hydraulic lift? 1. Kirchhoff's law 2. Pascal's Law 2 Mo be 3 a pride 4, Arehimedes' Law Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Pascal's Law Fluid Mechanics Question 10 Detailed Solution ‘The correct answer is Pascal's law. > + The Pascal's law states that in a fluid which is at rest in a container, the pres applied to one part of the fluid is uniformly transmitted to alll the parts of the fluid, © Key Points gray" + A hydraulic lift employs this principle to lift heavy obje + When pressure is applied to a fluid through one piston, it results in an equivalent pressure on another piston in the system which is then ableto lift objects. + With the increase in the area of the second piston, the force exerted by it also increases thus enabling lifting of heaviajapjects.. ; Additional Informat + Hooke's law states that force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is, directly proportional to that distance. + Newton's first law of motion - A body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force. + Atchimedes' principle states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed ina fluid, whether fully or partially submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces, India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Mean eroseo ey racy PCS Ciera (ere enna & Download App Question 11 : ) “View this question Online > If one liter of a fluid has a mass of 7.5 kg then its specific gravity is: 1. 0.75 q >* 4. 750 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: 7.5 Fluid Mechanics Question 11 Detailed Solution Concept: ib Specific gravity i) + Specific gravity is also termed as relative density, + The relative density/specific gravity of a substance is iefigs as the ratio of the density, mass or weight of the substance to the density, mass‘or weight of water at 4° C Specific gravity, S Calculation: Given: v Volume, V=1 liter= 103 m3, mass, m= 7.5 kg p= m= 76 = 7500 & Specific gravity, $= _@ _ = 7500 — 7.5& ean era “err Slam ety) Cle Lod) Pears Fac ora a een einai a eet Download App Question 12 View this Question Online > The piezometric head in a static liquid: 1. remains constant only in a horizontal plane 2. remains constant at all points in the liquid 3. decreases linearly with depth below a free surface \ 4, increases linearly with depth below a free surface Answer (Detailed’Solution Below) ‘" 2: remains constant at all points in the liquid _ Fluid Mechanics Question 12 Detailed Solution Explanation: The total energy of a flowing fluid can be represented in terms of head, which is given by The sum of the pressure head and hydrostatic pressure head is called the piezometric head. It is given by Piezometric head = fy, + 2P where --= pressure energy per unit weight or pressure head ve y= kinetic eneray per unit weight or kinetic energy head 2 = potential energy per unit weight or elevation head > H Z | fry datum NN The pressure at any point in a static fluid is obtained by Hydro-static law which is given by- “P =-paz «P= pgh Where P = pressure above atmospheric pressure and h = height of the point from the free surface P At point A, pressure head = —* = hy and datum head = z. P, At point B, pressure head = —= = hg and datum head = zs i a ele ro = Piezometric head at point A= py 1 *=h,+Z,=H ie oF es = Piezometric head at point B = py het Z=H «- plezometric head remains constant at all points in the liquid. 4 < Ear ae) BS Ta meted yi) ad Te L Cd) eae Holmer) Download App Question 13 View this Question OnlineRaindrops are spherical because of <0 1. viscosity co “A: 2. air resistance gq 3. surface tension AO « Ces. Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3 : surface tension forces Fluid Mechanics Question 13 Detailed Solution CONCEPT: Surface tension (S): + It is the property by virtue of which the free surface of a liquid at rest behaves like an elastic ‘stretched membrane tending to contract so as to occupy the minimum surface area. + Surface tension is measured as the force acting per unit length of an imaginary line dra the liquid surface. Sur face tension(S) = Feree(") G EXPLANATION: 2° + The property of a fluid due to which it opposes the layers is called viscosity (or fluid friction or inte + A small liquid drop has a spherical shape, as; have the minimum surface area and for area. Therefore option 3 is correct. |B} important Point Applications of Surface Tension jeen its different refore option 1 is incorrect. e tension the liquid surface tries to the sphere has a minimum surface + The warm soup tastes tasty because its surface tension Is low at high temperatures and the soup spreads on all parts of the tongue. + The phenomenon of the rising or fall of liquid level inside a capillary tube, when it is dipped in the liquid, is called capillary action. + The capillary actions are due to surface tension. + Capillary action draws the ink to the tips of fountain pen nibs from a reservoir or cartridge within the penoz India's #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Da ue ree peared es De cio Creer Download App Pars Question 14 View this Question Online Assuming constant temperature condition and air to be.an ideal gas, the variation in atmospheric pressure with height calculated from fluid statics is 1. linear ' 2. exponential G.* 4. cubic Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: exponential Fluid Mechanics Question 14 Detailed Solution Explanatior Sea Level From hydrostatic law: Rate of increase of pressure in a vertical direction equal to the weight density of the fluid at that point. atr PY ...eq(1) For a compressible fluid, densityi(jajychanges with the change of pressure and temperature. Thus, eq (1) cannot be intearated directl * Alris an ideal gas so, = p/RT (~ PV = mRT) ohn hot bogie dap gs = gh S/@=f pdesn p= hh = @SIVRT j.¢. the atmospheric pressure varies exponentially with height. Resear areal ee yr Slam eel eye ed) Prue eed mea De ciereey Creer Pao o Download App Question 15 View this Question Online Arectangular channel of bed width 2 m is to be laid at a bed slope of 1 in 1000, Find the hydraulic radius of the canal cross-section for the maximum discharge condition? Take Chezy's constant as 50 1. 0.5m tesA 025m Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1.0.5 m Fluid Mechanics Question 15 Detailed Solution Concept: Most efficient channel: A channel is said to be efficient if it carries the maximum discharge for the given cross-section which is achieved when the wetted perimeter is kept a minimum. Rectangular Section: Area of the flow, A= bxd Wetted Perimeter, P=b+2xd For the most efficient Rectangular channel, the two important conditions are oO Calculation Xe Given: b=2m =2 ite f Rectangular channel | Trapezoidal channel | section Vgey “¥/25 3 TP Bl 4,P= Sys 5. D=3y/4L i J Where R = hydraulic radius, A = Area of flow, P = wetted perimeter, y = depth of flow, T = Top width