MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON

(0018)

Program Name and Code :Mechanical Engineering

Course Name and Code : PER( 22562)
Academic Year : 2023-2024
Semester : FIFTH
A MICRO PROJECT
On
Different Types Of Sensor`s Used In Engine

Submitted on 7-10-2023 by the group of 2 students

Sr. Roll Enrollment
Name of student Seat No.
No. No. No.
1. 07 Pranav Nilesh Nyati 2100180564 356609

2. 08 Dimple Nitin Saraf 2100180566 356610

Project Guide
Prof. Atul Chaudhari Sir
(Lecturer in PER)
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION Certificate

This is to certify that Master /Ms....PNN , DNS Roll No. 07, 08 of fifth Semester of
Diploma in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of Institute, Government
Polytechnic, Jalgaon (Code:0018) has completed the Micro Project
satisfactorily in the Subject – PER(22562) for the Academic Year 2023- 2024 as
prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Jalgaon Enrollment No: 2100180564

2100180566

Date: …………………….. Exam. Seat No: …………………

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

 GOVTERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
JALGAON

SUBMISSION-

I (Full Name) Pranav Nyati, Dimple Saraf Roll No./Seat No. 07 , 08 as a

student of fifth Sem/Year of the Programme ……MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING……humbly submit that I have completed from time to time the
Practical/Micro-Project work as described in this report by my own skills and
study between the period from ……………………… to …………………….. as per
instructions/guidance of Prof. Atul Chaudhari Sir .

And that following students were associated with me for this work, however,
quantum of my contribution has been approved by the Lecturer.
And that I have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from any
other literature in contravention of the academic ethics.

Date: / ./2023 Signature of Student

 Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2023-2024 Name of the Faculty: Prof. Atul Chaudhari

Course: PER Course code: 22562
Semester: fifth
Title of the project: Different Types Of Sensor`s Used In Engine

The theory ,practical experiences, and relevant soft skill related to the course to be
taught and implemented.
1. Maintain the non –convectional machining process to produce hard and complex
machine components.
2. Produce components using milling machines.
3. Choose relevant machining process for the manufacturing of gears.
4. Maintain CNC machine to produce components effectively.
5. Prepare CNC part program for simple components.
6. Maintain the functioning of automated equipment.
.Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal
communication (if any)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………

Marks out of Marks out of

6 for 4for
Roll Student Name performance performance Total out
No in group in oral/ of 10
activity presentation
07 Pranav Nilesh Nyati
08 Dimple Nitin Saraf
 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT

SR.NO. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF GUIDE

DATE
1 Discussion and finalization of
topic

2 Preparation and submission of

Abstract
3 First Literature Review
Week
4 Collection of Data

5 Collection of Data

6 Discussion and outline of

Content
Second
7 Week Formulation of Content

8 Editing and proof Reading of

Content
9 Compilation of Report And
Presentation
10 Seminar

11 Third Viva voce

Week
12 Final submission of Micro
Project

Sign of the student Sign of faculty

 INTRODUCTION

A crank sensor (CKP) is an electronic device used in

an internal combustion engine, both petrol and diesel, to
monitor the position or rotational speed of the crankshaft.
This information is used by engine management
systems to control the fuel injection or the ignition
system timing and other engine parameters. Before
electronic crank sensors were available,
the distributor would have to be manually adjusted to
a timing mark on petrol engines.

The crank sensor can be used in combination with a

similar camshaft position sensor (CMP)[4][5][3] to monitor
the relationship between the pistons and valves in the
engine, which is particularly important in engines
with variable valve timing. This method is also used to
"synchronise" a four stroke engine upon starting, allowing
the management system to know when to inject the fuel.
It is also commonly used as the primary source for the
measurement of engine speed in revolutions per minute.

Common mounting locations include the main

crank pulley, the flywheel, the camshaft or on the
crankshaft itself. This sensor is one of the two most
important sensors in modern-day engines, together with
the camshaft position sensor. As the fuel injection (diesel
engines) or spark ignition (petrol engines) is usually timed
from the crank sensor position signal, failing sensor will
cause an engine not to start or will cut out while running.
Engine speed indicator takes speed indication also from
this sensor.
• Sensors can monitor various aspects of a car, such as
its temperature, coolant system, engine, oil pressure,
emission levels, vehicle speed, etc.
• The human sense organs (eyes, nose, mouth, tongue
and hands) are the best examples to understand the
working principle of sensors. They send signals to
the brain, which then makes a decision.
• Similarly, car sensors send signals to the ECU to
make appropriate adjustments or warn the driver.
• The sensors are constantly monitoring the various
aspects of the car from the moment the engine is
fired up.
• In a modern car, the sensors are everywhere, from
the engine to the least essential electrical component
of the vehicle.
 Different Types Of
Sensor

❖Temperature sensors

❖Pressure sensors

❖Position and speed sensors

❖Flow sensors

❖Oxygen sensors

❖Knock sensors

❖Mass Air Flow Sensors

❖Oil Pressure Sensors

Temperature sensors:- Temperature sensors used in

engines are crucial for monitoring the temperature of
various engine components, ensuring optimal operating
conditions and preventing overheating.

Pressure Sensors:- Pressure sensors are integral

components in an engine, used to monitor various
pressures within the system. These sensors provide
critical data to the engine control unit (ECU) for
regulating and optimizing engine performance.

Speed sensors:- Speed sensors in an engine are crucial

for monitoring the speed of various components and
ensuring the engine functions optimally. These
sensors detect rotational speed, allowing the engine
control unit (ECU) to make necessary adjustments.

Flow sensors:- Flow sensors in an engine are utilized

to measure the flow rate of various fluids or gases
within the system. They provide crucial information
to the engine control unit (ECU) for regulating fuel,
air, and exhaust flow, ensuring optimal performance
of efficiency.
Oxygen sensors:- Oxygen sensors, also known as O2
sensors, are critical components in an engine's exhaust
system. They monitor the amount of oxygen present in the
exhaust gases and provide crucial feedback to the engine
control unit (ECU). This information is essential for
adjusting the air-fuel mixture to optimize combustion
efficiency and minimize emissions.

Mass Air Flow Sensors:- Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensors

are crucial components in an engine's intake system,
used to measure the amount of air entering the engine.
This information is vital for the engine control unit
(ECU) to determine the correct air-fuel mixture required
for efficient combustion.
Oil pressure sensors:- Oil pressure sensors are vital
components in an engine's lubrication system,
responsible for monitoring and regulating the oil
pressure. They play a critical role in ensuring proper
engine lubrication and preventing damage due to
insufficient oil pressure.
Advantages of Sensors

❖Sensors can automate responsibilities and methods,

growing performance and accuracy.

❖Sensors may be used to screen situations and collect

records in real-time, taking into account brief and
knowledgeable choice-making.

❖Sensors may be used to screen and manipulate

structures remotely, permitting faraway operation and
maintenance.

❖Sensors may be used to enhance protection by

detecting fuel line leaks or the presence of human
beings or items in dangerous regions.

❖Sensors may be used to preserve resources, adjust the

construction temperature based totally on occupancy
or turn off lighting while a room isn't in use.

❖Sensors may be used to enhance the exceptional of

merchandise and services, for instance, by detecting
 defects in production methods or tracking the
exceptional of the air or water.

❖Sensors may decorate the capability of merchandise

and gadgets by including contact or gesture controls
on smartphones or by permitting self-riding cars.

Disadvantages of Sensors:

❖Sensors may be expensive, in particular, if they're

excessive-precision or specialized.

❖Sensors may be fragile and can want to be covered

from bodily harm or severe temperatures.

❖Sensors may be tormented by interference from

different sources, electromagnetic fields, or sensors.

❖Sensors also require ordinary calibration to make

certain accuracy.
 ❖Sensors might also have restrained ranges, which
means they'll no longer be capable of degree very
excessive or very low values.

❖Sensors might also have restrained resolution, which

means they'll no longer be capable of locating small
adjustments within the bodily belongings they're
measuring.

❖Sensors may not be appropriate for all

environments, as a few sensors may not be capable
of facing up to excessive ranges of moisture or dust.

❖Sensors also enhance privacy issues if they're used

to collect non-public records, together with area or
biometric information.

What are the functions of sensors?

Sensors play a pivotal role in the internet of things (IoT).

They make it possible to create an ecosystem for
collecting and processing data about a specific
environment so it can be monitored, managed and
controlled more easily and efficiently. IoT sensors are
used in homes, out in the field, in automobiles, on
airplanes, in industrial settings and in other environments.
Sensors bridge the gap between the physical world and
logical world, acting as the eyes and ears.

Conclusion

Sensors have many advantages, including their ability

to provide real-time data, their precision and accuracy,
and their ability to work in harsh environments.
However, they also have some disadvantages, including
cost, susceptibility to interference and damage, and
limited lifespan.

Reference Link
www.niraliprakashan.com
www.techmax.com
www.techknowledge.com
www.google.com