শিক্ষা শিয়ে গড়য় ো দেি তথ্য-প্রযুশির োাংলোয়েি

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Digital University, Bangladesh

LAB REPORT:03
COURSE NO - IRE 105

Electronics Devices and Applications

SUBMITTED BY
Name- Koushik Biswas, Kishor Kumar Bormon
ID:2101029,2101045
Department of IRE
Session :2021-2022
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Digital
University, Bangladesh

SUBMITTED TO
Sadia Enam
Lecturer
Department of IRE, BDU
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Digital
University, Bangladesh

Date of Submission: 13, February, 2024

LAB INTRODUCTION
Experiment 03:

Experiment Name: Study and Observation of Clipper Circuit.

Full-Wave Rectifier:
A clipper circuit is an electronic circuit designed to "clip" or limit the voltage amplitude of an input
signal. It is used to remove unwanted portions of the input signal. There are two types of clipper
circuits: positive clipper and negative clipper.

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this experiment is to study and observe the characteristics of a clipper circuit, specifically
focusing on the full-wave rectifier. Through practical experimentation, we aim to comprehend the functioning
of positive and negative clipper circuits, analyze the output waveform and ripple, evaluate efficiency, and
explore the diode characteristics associated with these circuits.

Software Tool:

 Proteus 8

Theory:
A clipper circuit is designed to limit or "clip" the amplitude of an input signal. Positive and negative clipper
circuits remove unwanted portions of the input signal, providing control over the output waveform.

Operation of the Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier:

The full-wave bridge rectifier converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). It utilizes a bridge
arrangement of diodes to rectify both positive and negative half-cycles of the input signal.

Positive Half-Cycle:
Two diodes in the bridge rectifier become forward-biased during the positive half-cycle, providing a pathway
for current through the load resistor.
The load resistor experiences a positive voltage across it, contributing to the overall DC output.

Negative Half-Cycle:
In the negative half-cycle, the diodes conduct in the opposite direction, allowing current to flow through the load resistor,
thus rectifying the negative portion of the input signal.
Output Waveform and Ripple:
The output waveform of the full-wave rectifier is characterized by a smoother DC signal compared to half-
wave rectifiers. However, there is still some ripple present due to the charging and discharging of the capacitor
in the filter circuit.

Efficiency:
Efficiency in this context refers to the ratio of DC power delivered to the load to the maximum AC power
supplied. It is an important parameter to assess the effectiveness of the rectification process and is given by
the formula: Efficiency (%) = (DC power output / AC power input) * 100.

Diode Characteristics:
Understanding the diode characteristics is crucial for the analysis of clipper circuits. Diodes exhibit
properties such as forward bias, reverse bias, and a voltage drop across them. Knowledge of these
characteristics helps in optimizing the design and performance of the clipper circuit.

Required apparatus:
 Diode
 Resistor
 Alternator
 Oscilloscope
 Battery
Circuit Diagram-01:

Output:
Discussion-1:

Input:
Input peak_voltage =10.0 V.
Input lower_voltage = -10.0 V.
Time t= 1.00 ms.
t/2 = 500.00 micro second.

Output:
output peak_voltage =8.63 V.
output lower_voltage = -5.63 V.
Time t= 1.00 ms.
t/2 = 500.00 micro second.

Voltage drop:
(input-output)= 10-8.63=1.37V

Circuit Diagram-02:
Output:
Discussion-2:

Input:
Input peak_voltage =10.0 V.
Input lower_voltage = -10.0 V.
Time t= 1.00 ms.
t/2 = 500.00 micro second.

Output:
output peak_voltage =5.63 V.
output lower_voltage = -8.63 V.
Time t= 1.00 ms.
t/2 = 500.00 micro second.

Voltage drop:
(input-output)= 10-5.63=4.37V