Crafting a literature review, particularly on a complex and multifaceted topic like brain drain in

Pakistan, presents a unique set of challenges and demands a substantial investment of time, effort,
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the phenomenon of brain drain within the specific socio-political and economic context of Pakistan.

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articulate how they contribute to our understanding of brain drain in Pakistan. It's a process that
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overview of the literature.

Furthermore, discussing brain drain in Pakistan involves navigating complex issues related to
employment opportunities, educational infrastructure, economic conditions, and governmental
policies, among others. It requires an interdisciplinary approach to adequately cover the political,
economic, social, and personal factors that contribute to the migration of skilled and educated
individuals from Pakistan to other countries.

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Without our educated men and women, there will be no future progressive outlook for Pakistan
seems to be the argument. The soaring prices of real estate have pushed the salaried class out of the
casing request unless they’ve access to hefty savings, which in turn makes migration more charming.
The practice of migration is as ancient as humanity. Major causes of brain drain include opportunities
for travel and better prospects, as Pakistan often struggles to match the pays and perks offered by
industrialized nations. These are however only commonly talked about drivers of brain drain. They
are drawn to wealthy nations because of the higher incomes, superior living standards, availability of
cutting-edge technology, and more stable political environments. This would definitely benefit the
economy of Pakistan earn better. Transfers may be related to specific development projects, or they
may come about unforeseeably or in response to management needs in crisis situations. It is not only
the religious minorities that face violence and discrimination but the women of Pakistan too. The
data is overwhelming that Pakistan is losing bright individuals at an alarming rate—nearly 10 million
in the last 20 years—due to a variety of push and pull factors. They might pass to pupils fresh and
alluring methods for fostering their interests. Push factors are those that repel people from a people
while pull factors attract them to another. Furthermore, degrees in subjects like Actuarial Sciences
are either complete nonexistent or not up to par with international standards; thus, students are more
willing to invest in their time and money studying these abroad. For instance, only three African
nations—Libya, Mauritius, and Tunisia—have one doctor per almost 1000 people at present, with
corresponding physician-to-population ratios of 2.09, 2.00, and 1.29 (Mo Ibrahim Foundation, 2018).
Encyclopedia Britannica defines it as the departure of educated or professional people from one
country, economic sector, or field to another, usually in pursuit of better pay or living conditions.
This is not an uncommon practice for many doctors, lawyers and artists have gone abroad to show
their skills. As the higher connection, personal references and sums of money silenced the intellectual
prowess (Bangwar, 2022). Hence, GDP per capita is the most crucial factor in analyzing the rising
trend of brain drain. It would be rather more accurate to say that it doesn’t have a history that is
propagated and accepted, which would of course be the history of India and the fact that the
ancestors of Pakistanis were more often than not Indian born Hindus. Researchers personally
conducted interviews in various cities across Pakistan. On the national level, a country like India,
should ameliorate the working conditions of scientists and equip the laboratories with latest
technology. People aren’t given the job because they are the best at it but because they have contacts;
this leads to a lower standard of work output. Strategies such as improving working conditions,
increasing wages, and providing employment opportunities have been proposed as potential
solutions. Very often, this becomes the main deciding factor for the emigrant, with other factors
acting as catalytic agents. International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Research, 6
(6), 4957-4963. The issue of brain drain is multi-faceted and requires comprehensive approaches that
consider the interests of both source and recipient countries, as well as the global community. While
the recent investment of two major companies videlicet, Kleiner Perkins and Nestle, are promising
signs of a hopeful future as well as the A backing secured by youthful Pakistani council graduates, it
still goes a long way towards addressing the issues that would (incompletely) stop the brain drain.
There is a substantial exchange of academics and researchers between universities and similar
institutions for periods of variable length. This phenomenon has led to a growing poverty rate in
developing countries, making it imperative to address the reasons behind this migration as it
significantly affects the economic condition of these nations. Political insecurity and profitable
growth are deeply intertwined.
There are many distinct group identities in Pakistan with conflicting beliefs and practices; however,
we are referring to the identity of Pakistan. The Pakistanie-commerce request has also seen
emotional growth numbers. This goes on to show the deep position of entrepreneurship and how
current this culture is in Pakistan. Technology and Business Innovation in China: Presentation and
Discussion at S. There isn’t much evidence of this case, but, this is how the people feel which is
important because it is such negative feelings associated to Pakistan that urge it’s educated and
apparently mistreated people to leave Pakistan. Many more people are on the list, representing many
different professions. Otherwise, they will continue to lose skilled labor to countries where benefits
and opportunities are more abundant, and a merit-based system is in place. Return of through
remittances rose rapidly after 2002 and has been increasing since then. GDP per Capita of Pakistan is
lowest of all the mentioned countries and hasn’t varied much over the time. Defined as being
uncertain of one’s identity and confused about expectations and aims in the wider society, it is often
seen in many circles as the essential problem of Pakistan. This approach created two clusters: one in
Gujranwala and the other in Lahore, encompassing The University of Punjab Gujranwala Campus,
Gift University Gujranwala, and GC University Lahore. It helps them gain exposure to the modern
techniques of teaching that are being incorporated there. June 19, 2021 A Guide to Becoming a Civil
Servant in Pakistan March 18, 2023 Subscribe Now. If we simply look at the percentage of literate
individuals emigrating that ranged from 0.74% to 0.31% which seems insignificant but literacy does
not mean that the individuals are highly educated. Europe is another most viable option for Pakistanis
to transfer as well as in the Middle East where jobs are in demand. It focuses on the effects of
migration when agents are not homogeneous. Proper infrastructure is provided for research and
development. Most Pakistanis are seen securing jobs in countries like the USA, UK, Australia,
Canada, and Dubai. Otherwise, it will continue to lose its skilled labor to countries where benefits
and opportunities are plentiful and a system based on merit versus contacts is in place. Various
factors influence this situation, both on a national and personal level. These reflections are a
sobering memorial of the deep resentment and distrust of the openings in bones’ motherland if
Pakistan were suitable to use its stylish gift it could come to an artificial hustler in the area and help
with some other deep-seated issues similar to the balance of payment and the import- import issues.
Political insecurity and profitable growth are deeply intertwined. There were 5 people in a cave
which had an opening large enough for the sunlight to enter and project shadows of the outside
things onto the cave wall inside. Pakistan finds itself in the “top ten most dangerous list” whenever
there is one out. But again, it should be looked deep down to find out whether this compensation is
good enough. This phenomenon is driven by various factors such as unemployment, lack of
government support, inadequate facilities in the home country, and the desire for a better urban life.
Data collection gathers information from respondents, while data analysis helps researchers derive
findings and assess whether they align with the study's objectives. These resources may include
anything from expensive tuitions, extracurricular activities or online professional thesis writing
services. Otherwise, we might lose a massive chunk of hardworking individuals who have the
potential to reshape our society. We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email.
There are other societal or rather cultural problems that lead to brain drain. If Pakistan really wants to
improve its economic status and establish a literate society, its administration must take this matter
seriously. For a student, this presents challenges because he is unfamiliar with research procedures
(Noor, 2020). According to a report by the World Bank, political insecurity gives rise to social
fermentation and governance issues. Between 2005 and 2021 there have been 304 incidents of
violence reported against Christians leading up to 1048 murders. Report this Document Download
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Outside mosques, restaurants, and tourist sites there is no place in the land of the pure that isn’t dirty.
Recommendations for improvement can be made based on these findings. Without our educated men
and women, there will be no future progressive outlook for Pakistan seems to be the argument.
Higher commitment, government support, and patriotism reduce the likelihood of individuals leaving
their home country. But again, it should be looked deep down to find out whether this compensation
is good enough. International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Research, 6 (6), 4957-
4963. It involves the emigration of a significant proportion of a country's highly skilled, highly
educated professional population, usually to other countries offering better economic and social
opportunities. Proposals for action: universities and other research bodies It is essential that our
universities and other research centers be made attractive, international and accessible to foreign
students and researchers, in order to help even out the balance between incoming and outgoing
talent. Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 0% 5 3. One of the sections of the
2019-20 district level Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey. Higher Education
that is Unavailable in Pakistan Unfortunately, one of the massive drawbacks that we have is that our
universities provide students with many of the conventional degrees. The research also indicates
several ways to improve estimates of brain drain using existing data. What are the causes, effects and
measures for Population Increase y Mr Allah. Is it secular, is it an Islamic theocracy, is it a military
state, is Urdu representative of Pakistanis, what is the state’s Islamic sect. This is not an uncommon
practice for many doctors, lawyers and artists have gone abroad to show their skills. The most of the
sample was taken from educational institutions i. The largest source of highly educated people is the
Philippines, with 730,000 immigrants, followed by China with 40,000 immigrants. Greater Exposure
Students tend to go for internships, if not for permanent jobs and education, abroad. Great nations
have a rich history that they are proud of and may help to form the country’s identity, however, since
Pakistan is a new country it doesn’t have that history unlike its neighbour India. If you get a chance
to settel abroad which country would you want to prefer If you get a chance to settel abroad what
would be the reason behind it. Many more people are on the list, representing many different
professions. DAY 05 Book of Revelation 2-18-24 PPT.pptx DAY 05 Book of Revelation 2-18-24
PPT.pptx Partnerships for Resilient Prosperity in the Caribbean Partnerships for Resilient Prosperity
in the Caribbean An Inviting Church An Inviting Church Brain drain in pakistan 1. There is a
growing need to reform accountability and anti-corruption policies at higher levels within the state
government.
Better Employment Opportunities Naturally, working in developed countries brings more income for
lesser hours as compared to working in your native country. The fourth issue is the ill treatment of
non-Muslims. Ever since the creation of Pakistan religious minorities have faced acts of violence,
discrimination and other crimes based on their faith be it Christianity, Hinduism, Ahmadi or even a
minority sect of Islam. Europe is another most viable option for Pakistanis to transfer as well as in
the Middle East where jobs are in demand. Students in other countries are exposed to research in
numerous fields and begin training at the college level. What good does it to the economy of
Pakistan if this manpower is used to maximize the economy’s potential rather than brining in
professionals from overseas countries. Data collection occurred over one month during regular
working hours (9 AM to 5 PM). People with skills and competence find Pakistan an inhospitable
place for their services. This region comprises the countries with the largest migration rates, including
Saudi Arabia with 5,430,537 migrants and the United Arab Emirates with 3,860,258; Oman comes in
second with 793,454 migrants, and the list goes on. Pakistan, a leaderless leader in economic growth
potential among emerging mar. This indicator would be both, a push and pull factors for brain drain
in Pakistan. When skilled individuals migrate, it can result in a loss for the home country if they do
not return. Difference between GDP per capita of Pakistan and USA is way higher than UAE. The
questionnaire comprised various scales to facilitate respondents' elaboration on their understanding
of brain draining. If Pakistan really wants to improve its economic status and establish a literate
society, its administration must take this matter seriously. This will help to create more software
development companies. Establishing a national talent pool of professionals, similar to what
developed countries have, can also help address brain drain in Pakistan. By continuing, you agree to
our Terms and Conditions. During this time, different scholars talked about the outflow and
migration of workers and their social and economic impact (Giannoccolo, 2021). West Africa Scene
Setting African Continental Master Plan (CMP) for electrici. These resources may include anything
from expensive tuitions, extracurricular activities or online professional thesis writing services. Most
Pakistanis are seen securing jobs in countries like the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, and Dubai.
Therefore, it isn’t surprising when we hear the comment, what will you do if you remain in Pakistan.
Some industrialized countries like America and Canada tend to have more restrictive immigration
policies, but the case of Pakistan is similar, with a substantial number of highly qualified
professionals leaving the country. Out of the 200 students contacted in various universities, 150
usable questionnaires were obtained. If perhaps the state gave freedom to individuals to define for
themselves who they are rather than try to impose a confused Pakistani identity onto them the
citizens of Pakistan may end up being beneficial to the state by staying in the country. The most of
the sample was taken from educational institutions i. There isn’t much evidence of this case, but, this
is how the people feel which is important because it is such negative feelings associated to Pakistan
that urge it’s educated and apparently mistreated people to leave Pakistan. The number has been
increasing with skilled people being the largest to move out. December 30, 2021 January 7, 2022
Jason Trevor A music degree qualifies participants for a career in the exponentially growing
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Strategic Management December 29, 2021 December 29, 2021 Sadia Khan 2021 Technology Boost
the Process of Artificial Intelligence Learning: Simple Ways for Everyone December 28, 2021
January 7, 2022 Shahrukh 2021 Education What are the top reasons to study in Berlin. Push factors
are those that repel people from a people while pull factors attract them to another.
This concept is explored from several perspectives and has various definitions. We’ll occasionally
send you promo and account related email. Proposals for action: universities and other research
bodies It is essential that our universities and other research centers be made attractive, international
and accessible to foreign students and researchers, in order to help even out the balance between
incoming and outgoing talent. Such is the economic, political and cultural climate of Pakistan that is
driving Pakistanis to emigrate. The research also indicates several ways to improve estimates of brain
drain using existing data. According to a report by the World Bank, political insecurity gives rise to
social fermentation and governance issues. So they are forced to seek voluntary exile to settle in. The
identity crisis in Pakistan is that the state has found it very difficult to define itself. Climate change,
natural catastrophes, pandemics, and other variables are additional elements that influence the push
and pull dynamics of human capital migration. These help to fund the nation’s trade imbalance, aid in
the growth of foreign exchange reserves, and lower the government’s reliance on external financing.
There is a growing need to reform accountability and anti-corruption policies at higher levels within
the state government. However, for Marital Status (77.1%), the proposed hypothesis is rejected.
Since brain drain mainly constitutes of highly qualified manpower, hence, the red line shows the
amount has been increasing rapidly more than any other education category. Giulio Prisco DAY 05
Book of Revelation 2-18-24 PPT.pptx DAY 05 Book of Revelation 2-18-24 PPT.pptx
FamilyWorshipCenterD Partnerships for Resilient Prosperity in the Caribbean Partnerships for
Resilient Prosperity in the Caribbean Caribbean Development Bank An Inviting Church An Inviting
Church Central Church of Christ Recently uploaded ( 15 ) West Africa Scene Setting African
Continental Master Plan (CMP) for electrici. The problem of brain drain can be effectively tackled.
Finding gain in such enterprises, the elite class amongst politicians,, and businessmen usually
capitalise in this venture. The Tribune broke down the composition of those leaving more than
500,000 IT experts have left Pakistan. This would definitely benefit the economy of Pakistan earn
better. It draws upon cases from Pakistan to illustrate arguments related to brain drain. Or the
potential of Pakistan’s highly qualified and skilled people could help it do better. Advertisement
News 2021 Education Musical Instruments How to find the best music college in the UK. I hope I
have made the causes of Brain Drain evident. However, the Pakistani industry is small and mostly
concentrated in a few niches. The issue of brain drain is multi-faceted and requires comprehensive
approaches that consider the interests of both source and recipient countries, as well as the global
community. Technology and Business Innovation in China: Presentation and Discussion at S. This
will help to create more software development companies. I am a strategic planner, a critical thinker,
and a project manager who knows how to communicate and collaborate successfully. Otherwise, it
will continue to lose its skilled labor to countries where benefits and opportunities are plentiful and a
system based on merit versus contacts is in place. The data shows fluctuating accountability of
corruption, violence has been at a very high bar and to cater all these issues, government hasn’t been
effective enough. Despite the lack of specific figures, the impact is larger.