GROUP 2

MEASUREMENT
OF
WATER QUALITY
 Dissolved oxygen (DO)

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a measure

of how much oxygen is dissolved in
the water - the amount of oxygen
available to living aquatic
organisms. The amount of dissolved
oxygen in a stream or lake can tell
us a lot about its water quality.
 How Does Dissolved Oxygen Enter
Water?
Dissolved oxygen enters the water in
several ways:
• From the atmosphere
• Increased turbulence from streams,
rivers, and the ocean
• As a byproduct of photosynthesis
from algae and other aquatic plants
• Groundwater discharge
 Biochemical oxygen demand is
not a specific pollutant, but
rather a measure of the
Biochemical amount of oxygen required by
Oxygen bacteria and other
microorganisms engaged in
Demand stabilizing decomposable
organic matter over a
specified period of time.
 The standard Chemical Oxygen
Demand test uses a mixture
Chemical of potassium dichromate and
sulfuric acid to oxidize the
Oxygen organic matter (HCOH), with
Demand silver (Ag+) added as a
catalyst
 Disinfection by-
products
ORGANIC
CARBON
Oxidation
 Turbid Water

TURBIDITY
Turbidimeter
 COLOR, TASTE AND ODOR

Color Taste Odor

- potassium - flavor threshold - successive dilutions
chloroplatinate test
- flavor rating
assessment
- flavor profile
analysis
 PH

pH is a quantitative
measure of the
acidity or basicity of
aqueous or other
liquid solutions.
 Alkalinity

Alkalinity measures the

buffering capacity of the water
against changes in Ph.

High Alkalinity = no altering in pH

Low Alkalinity = easily alter the pH
 SOLIDS

Wastewater treatment is complex due to dissolved

and suspended inorganic substances, collectively
known as solids in water treatment discussions.
 SOLIDS

Total solids - include any

material left in a container after
the water is removed by
evaporation, usually at 103-105°C.
Total suspended solids
Total dissolved solids
 NITROGEN these are important
AND nutrients for
PHOSPHORUS biological growth.
Five major form of nitrogen Phosphorus
Organic nitrogen Organic phosphate
Ammonia Inorganic
Nitrite orthophosphate or
Nitrate polyphosphates.
Dissolved nitrogen gas
 PATHOGENS

- Disease-causing organisms
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) often called
fecal coliforms
- Membrane Filter (MF) Technique.
- Most Probable Number (MPN) Test.
- Coli-count
 HEAVY METALS

- Arsenic, Copper, and Mercury

- flame, electrothermal (graphite furnace), or
cold-vapor atomic absorption (AA), inductively
coupled plasma (ICP) and inductively coupled
plasma/mass spectrometry (ICPMS), and
colorimetric techniques.
HEAVY METALS
 OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

- Gas chromatography (GC)

- High-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC)
THANK
YOU!