AUM SRI SAI RAM

PHYSICS 2nd CIE

ASSIGNMENT.
 Thermal energy
Thermal energy refers to the energy
contained within a system that is
responsible for its temperature.
Heat is the flow of thermal energy. A
whole branch of physics,
thermodynamics, deals with how
heat is transferred between different
systems and how work is done in
the process .
 Thermal energy formula

We can calculate this thermal energy using the

formula,Q= m.c.ΔT,Where m is the mass of the
substance, c is the specific heat capacity, and
ΔT is the temperature difference.
 Thermal Power Generation

Thermal power generation consists of using steam power

created by burning oil, liquid natural gas (LNG), coal, and
other substances to rotate generators and create electricity.
This type of generation plays a central role in supplying
power because it can flexibly respond to the various ways in
which power is used (demand fluctuations) as output grows
larger.
Installed Generation Capacity (Sector Wise) as on
31.05.2023
Sector MW %of Total
Central Sector 1,00,055 24.0%
State Sector 1,05,726 25.3%
Private Sector 2,11,887 50.7%
Total 4,17,668
Installed Generation Capacity (fuel wise) as on 31.05.2023.

CATAGORY Installed Generation % of Share in total

Capacity (MW)
Fossil Fuel
Coal 2,05,235 2,05,235
Lignite 6620 1.6
Gas 24824 6.0
Diesel 589 0.1
Total Fossil Fule 2,37,269 56.8
NON-Fossil Fuel

RES (INCL. Hydro) 173,619 41.4

Hydro 46,850 11.2

Wind,Solar,Other RE 125,692 30.2

Wind 42,868 10.3

Solar 67,078 16.1

BM Power/Cogen 10,248 2.5

Waste to energy 554 0.1

Small Hydro power 4,944 1.2

Nuclear 6,780 1.6

Total NON-Fossil Fuel 179,332 43.0

Total Installed Capacity 4,17,668 100

 Disadvantages of thermal power plants
● Burns huge amounts
water causing
Transportation
electricity. of coalofiscoal
pollution. to produce
costlier steam by boiling
than transmission of
● Extraction of coal and oil depletes ground natural reserves.
● A large water source is required to convert water into steam.
● Mining for human health include respiratory complications
such as pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, and silicosis caused
by inhaling fine particles from the large amounts of dust
generated by mining activities such as blasting and drilling.
 Advantages of thermal power plants
● Making Energy from Thermal Power plants is
easy.
● The fuel used (coal) is cheap.
● Thermal Power Plant can be set up
anywhere near fuel and water supply.
● It requires less space as compared to the
hydroelectric power station.
Cost of coal is 1,600-1,700 per tonne
Coal is a remarkably dense energy source: a
single metric ton of coal can produce up to
1,927 kilowatt-hours of electricity. By
comparison, natural gas can only produce 99
kWh per 1,000 cubic feet, and a barrel of fuel
oil can produce up to 578 kWh.
Single unit in your electricity bill is 1KW
power consumed in 1 hour. It means if
you consume 1 KW power in 1 hour, you
will be charged for 1 unit of electricity.
Now, let's assume that a single house
consume 100 units in one month. Then 1
MW can power 10 such houses for 1
month.So with 1.927 MW approx 19
house can get electricity in a month
Thank you.