Practice sheet

HCF + RURAL DEVELOPMENT+ ENVIRONMENT + EMPLOYMENT

Class 12 - Economics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 155

1. ‘Human resource is the main economic factor’. Discuss. [3]

2. Write a brief note on National Literacy Mission. [3]
3. Discuss the constitutional provision with regard to elementary education and recent constitutional amendment in [3]
this respect.
4. As an educated person, what will be your contribution to the cause of education? [3]
5. Dr. Khurana, a dentist, ran his clinic in an economically backward area. He was earning a comparatively low [3]
income. So, he decided to move to a city and spent a huge amount for the same.
Identify and explain the type of expenditure incurred by Dr. Khurana, which directly contributed to the process
of human capital formation.
6. Human Capital Formation gives birth to innovation, invention, and technological improvements. Do you [3]
agree with the given statement? Support your answer with valid arguments.
7. Looking at the statistics, we find that more of educated people are engaged in crimes. [3]
More of educated people are committing suicide. How do you think we need to mould our education system to
correct the situation?
8. Recently the government of India has taken a few steps to reach the 6% growth goal as recommended by [3]
the Education Commission, 1964. Do you agree with the given statement? Give valid reasons in support of
your answer.
9. Why the Indian education system is considered faulty from an employment angle? [3]
10. When a maid or construction worker absents himself for long due to ill health how does it affect his or her job [3]
security and wages? What could be possible reasons?
11. Out of the following statements, which one is correct? [1]
a. Government spends more on Tertiary Education as compared to Elementary Education.
b. The Education Commission (1964-66) had recommended that at least 6 % of GDP should be spent on
education.
c. In 2007, the Government of India enacted the Right to Education Act.
d. All of these.

a) Statement (d) is correct. b) Statement (b) is correct.

c) Statement (a) is correct. d) Statement (c) is correct.

12. Which of the following statements is incorrect? [1]
a. Productivity of physical capital is substantially enhanced with the improvement in human capital.
b. Cause and Effect relationship can be easily established from the growth of human capital to economic
growth.
c. Expenditure on education turns human beings into human capital.
d. Poor health and undernourishment adversely affect the quality of manpower.

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 a) Statement (c) is incorrect. b) Statement (a) is incorrect.

c) Statement (b) is incorrect. d) Statement (d) is incorrect.

13. Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to women's education in India? [1]
a. Education helps to improve economic independence
b. Education helps to promote family welfare programmes
c. Education enables women to take care of their own health
d. Inappropriate planning of human resource improves human capital formation

a) Statement (c) is incorrect. b) Statement (d) is incorrect.

c) Statement (a) is incorrect. d) Statement (b) is incorrect.

14. Globalisation of the economy has helped the farmers in marketing their produce and has helped in raising their [3]
standard of living. Do you agree?
15. Mention some obstacles that hinder the mechanism of agricultural marketing and create a need for the [3]
government to interfere in this sector.
16. Why is it being considered necessary to replace the private moneylenders by institutional sources of credit? [3]
17. Briefly explain the role of buffer stocks in the context of agricultural marketing. [3]
18. Discuss the importance of credit in rural development. [3]
19. Discuss any two problems being faced in the process of rural banking in India. [3]
20. To solve the various problems associated with rural credit, enumerate the objectives which should be followed [3]
by the cooperative credit societies.
21. Discuss the institutional source of credit which is regarded as the Apex Bank. [3]
22. Use of chemical fertilizers, to compensate food shortage, gives good dividends at one time in the form of [3]
increased production, but becomes a disaster later in the form of adverse effects on health:' How can we
overcome this problem?
23. The Prime Minister urged to increase the rural income by increasing non-farm activities. Explain how [3]
non-farm activities can lead to rise in income of people in rural sector.
24. Under which system people below the poverty line (BPL) could get essential goods at low subsidised rates: [1]

a) Public distribution system b) None of these

c) Minimum support price d) Buffer stock

25. Agriculture is a dominant sector of our economy and credit plays an important role in increasing agriculture [1]
production. The following are the institutional sources of agricultural credit except:

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 a) Commercial banks b) NABARD

c) Regional banks d) Money lenders

26. Agricultural marketing covers the services involved in moving an agricultural product from the farm to the [1]
consumer. These services involve the planning, organizing, directing and handling of agricultural produce in
such a way as to satisfy farmers, intermediaries and consumers. Which of the following is not related to
agricultural marketing:

a) Storage b) Processing

c) Use of chemical fertilizers d) Gathering

27. Which one of the following was launched with the objective of helping the poor in rural areas to become self- [1]
employed?

a) DPAP b) DDP

c) IRDP d) TRYSEM
28. Which of the given statement is incorrect with regard to the role of Information Technology (IT) in rural [1]
development?
a. It has ushered in a knowledge economy
b. Government can predict the areas of food insecurity by using appropriate software tools
c. Provides information regarding prices, weather and soil conditions for growing different crops
d. Results in an equitable distribution of resources

a) Option (a) b) Option (c)

c) Option (d) d) Option (b)

29. Which of the following provides a correct explanation of rural development? [1]

a) Economic and legal upliftment of rural areas b) Social and economic upliftment of rural

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 areas

c) Social and technical upliftment of rural d) Social and legal upliftment of rural areas
areas
30. Which of the following statements is not true? [1]

a) Self help group charges low rate of interest b) Self help group was established in 1975

c) Self help group has helped in the d) Self help group provides macrofinance to
empowerment of women farmers
31. Which of the following was NOT the benefit accruing from Golden Revolution? [1]

a) Increase in production and exports of fruits b) Increase in the income of the farmers.
and vegetables.

c) Employment for women in rural areas. d) Increase in production of milk and related
products.
32. Why do we find hidden (disguised) unemployment in agriculture? Can it be in other sectors also? [3]
33. What is unemployment? What are the most common types of unemployment found in India? [3]
34. What role do trade unions play in protection of workforce? [3]
35. Why are regular salaried employees more in urban areas than in rural areas? [3]
36. Raj is going to school. When he is not in school, you will find him working in his farm. Can you consider him a [3]
worker? Why?
37. The nature of work in urban areas is different from rural areas. Justify the given statement with a valid [3]
explanation.
38. Why is it not easy to maintain an employment growth rate of 2% for a country like India? [3]
39. It is necessary to create employment in the formal sector rather than in the informal sector. Defend or refute the [3]
given statement with valid arguments.
40. Economists say that if casualisation increases the earning of the people, such phenomenon should be welcomed. [3]
Do you agree? Justify your answer.
41. Informalisation leads to casualisation. Explain. [3]
42. Statement 1: The nature of unemployment problem in India is uni-faceted. [1]
Statement 2: Worker-Population ratio is an indicator used for analysing the employment situation in a country.

a) Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true. b) Both Statements 1 and 2 are true.

c) Both Statements 1 and 2 are false. d) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.
43. Statement I: All the public sector establishments and those private sector establishments which employ 10 hired [1]
workers or more are called informal sector establishments and those who work in such establishments are
informal sector workers.
Statement II: In 2011-12, the year for which gender wise data on formal-informal sector employment is
available, about 20 per cent of formal sector and 30 per cent of informal sector workers are women.

a) Both the statements are true. b) Both the statements are false.

c) Statement II is true, Statement I is false. d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.

44. Statement 1: Jobless growth has been a significant challenge in the Indian economy in recent years. [1]
Statement 2: Despite witnessing economic growth, the Indian economy has been struggling to create sufficient

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 employment opportunities to absorb the growing workforce.

a) Statement 2 is true and Statement 1 is false. b) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.

c) Both the statements are true. d) Both the statements are false.
45. Statement I: The National Sample Survey Organisation defines unemployment as a situation in which all those [1]
who, owing to lack of work, are not working but either seek work through employment exchanges,
intermediaries, friends or relatives or by making applications to prospective employers or express their
willingness or availability for work under the prevailing condition of work and remunerations.
Statement II: Economists define unemployed person as one who is not able to get employment of even one
hour in a day.

a) Both the statements are true. b) Both the statements are false.

c) Statement II is true, Statement I is false. d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.

46. Statement 1: Number of unemployed people can be determined by subtracting work force from labour force. [1]
Statement 2: Children below 15 years & old persons above 60 years of age are excluded from labour force.

a) Both the statements are false. b) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.

c) Statement 2 is true and Statement 1 is false. d) Both the statements are true.
47. What efforts should be made in an economy to prevent continuous use of exhaustible natural resources (like [3]
petroleum, coal and natural gas) in the production?
48. How do the Water contamination factor contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem do they [3]
pose for the government?
49. you are residing in highly populated area of Mumbai. Due to over population your locality harms the [3]
environment, suggest any four measures to you neighbours to protect environmentent.
50. Environmental problems arise due to overuse and misuse of environmental resources. Explain. [3]
51. In order to protect the future of our planet, it is important to tackle carbon emissions. [3]

In the light of the above statement and image, discuss any two strategies to tackle this global concern.
52. Maintaining Air Quality Index (AQI) is the need of the hour. [3]
Do you agree with the given statement? Justify your answer with a valid argument.
53. State any two harmful effects of using chemical fertilizers. [3]
54. How has population explosion and the advent of industrial revolution resulted in environmental crisis? [3]
55. State any two harmful effects of Global warming. [3]
56. Explain the concept of Affluence trap as a cause of the environmental crisis. [3]
57. Assertion (A): India supports approximately 17% of the world's human population. [1]
Reason (R): The high density of population exerts an enormous pressure of India's finite land resources.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the

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 explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

58. Assertion (A): Environment helps in the existence of life on Earth. [1]
Reason (R): Sun, water, soil and air are a part of environment.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

59. Assertion (A): Herbal products are environment friendly. [1]
Reason (R): They are relatively free from side effects and do not involve large-scale industrial and chemical
processing.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

60. Assertion (A): Affluence in living standards is causing environmental degradation. [1]
Reason (R): Increase in wealth increases the demand for goods and services.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

61. Assertion (A): Migration from rural to urban areas leads to environmental degradation. [1]
Reason (R): Migration from rural to urban areas leads to a stress on civic amenities which implies deforestation
and which implies environmental degradation.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

62. Fill in the blanks: [9]
(a) Physical capital ________ human capital. (excludes/includes) [1]
(b) During 1952-2014, education expenditure as percentage of total government expenditure increased [1]
from 7.92 to ________ and as percentage of GDP increased from 0.64 to ________.
(c) Physical capital is ________ and can be easily sold in the market. Human capital is ________; it is [1]
not sold in the market, only the services of the human capital are sold. (tangible/intangible)
(d) Just as a country can turn physical resources like land into physical capital like factories, similarly, it [1]
can also turn human resources like students in to ________ like engineers and doctors.
(e) ________ workers are those who are engaged in their own business or profession. (Self-employed, [1]
Hired)
(f) Supply of labour corresponding to different wage rates is called ________. (labour supply/labour [1]
force)
(g) In the informal sector, male workers account for ________ per cent of the workforce. [1]
(h) Under ________ type of unemployment, marginal product gained by employing one additional unit of [1]
labour is zero.

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 (i) The widening gap between the growth of GDP and employment is known as ________. [1]
63. State True or False: [5]
(a) Rapid increase in population is a major cause of supply-demand reversal. [1]
(b) Global warming is due to increase in the greenhouse gas concentrations. [1]
(c) A loss of vegetation occurring due to deforestation is responsible for land degradation. [1]
(d) Environment Protection Act was passed in the year 1986. [1]
(e) The government of India has set up the Central Pollution Control Board to control noise pollution. [1]

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