Nunberend Algebra @al. (a) Expand (x— 1)" and (x + 1)? (b) Hence, show that (x?=1)?= (x?=2x-4 1)? +2x-+ 1) and O° — 42, (a) Expand (x +1)? () Hence, show that (@+5+ 1)*=a*+5?+2ab-+2a-+2b +1. (© (@_ By substituting a= 100 and 4= 10 into the identity in (b), evaluate 11 calculator. fthout using a 7 te ithout i) By substituting suitable values of a and b into the identity in (b). evaluate 191° wi using a calculator, Factorization of Simple Algebraic Expressions In the primary school, we learnt that Similarly, 4a=4xa if factors } Since 15 can be expressed asa product of 3 and 5, | Since 4 can be expressed asa product of 4 and a, we say that 3 and S are factors of 15. we say that 4and a are factors of 4a. Now, consider an algebraic expression 3(1 +2) iy 3x+6 ie, 3x+6=3(x+2) This means that 3x+6 can be expressed as a product of 3 and x +2. So, 3 and x +2 are factors of 3x +6. ‘The process of expressing an algebraic expression as a product its factors is called factorization. In the above example, 3x+ 6 is factorized into 3(x +2). Factorization is the reverse process of expansion, and vice versa. The relationship between expansion and factorization can be illustrated as follows: Expansion aS Product offactors 3x +2) 3x +6 Fiancee Factorization factor Bt tecorzaion BRAM