Solution Manual For Anatomy Physiology and Disease Foundations For The Health Professions 1st Edition Roiger Bullock 0073402117 9780073402116

IM Ch 2
Solution Manual for Anatomy Physiology and Disease Foundations for the Health Professions 1st Edition Roiger Bullock
0073402117 9780073402116
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Chapter 2 The Levels of Organization of the Human Body
OVERVIEW
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce, all in one place, the essential information concerning the levels of organization
of the human body up to an introduction to the systems. These levels of organization are necessary as a foundation from which to
build to understand the body systems—the main focus of this text. The individual systems will comprise the 14 remaining
chapters of this text.
The length of this chapter may at first seem daunting, but it can be easily split by outcomes—making it very easy to
customize to your needs. For example, you may choose to divide the chapter in the following way: LO 2.1 as an introduction,
LOs 2.2-2.10 chemistry, LOs 2.11-2.19 organelles and cells, LOs 2.20-2.23 histology, and LO 2.24 organs and an
introduction to systems. The summary table below will show you all the relevant content, activities, and assessments for each
outcome.
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any
manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. IM II-1
IM Ch 2
Chapter figures can be found in the Online Learning Center (OLC). Discussion points, group activities, and quizzes listed
in the summary table below are explained under their individual outcomes following the table. Answer keys to the text chapter
review questions, workbook concept maps, and workbook review questions are located at the end of this chapter.
A review guide is also available on the OLC. This guide lists all of the learning outcomes for the chapter and gives space
for students to take notes and make sketches.
This can be an important tool to encourage students to pay attention to what they are learning and to use to either take initial notes
or to organize their existing notes before exams.
COMPETENCY CORRELATION GRID
Learning Outcome CAAHEP Competencies ABHES Competencies

2.1 List the levels of organization of the 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge
I.C.1. Describe structural organization of all body systems, their structure
human body from of the human body and functions, and their common
simplest to most complex. diseases, symptoms and etiologies.
2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
2.2 Define the terms matter, element, I.C.1. Describe structural organization body
atom, and isotope. of the human body systems, their structure and functions,
and their common diseases,
symptoms and etiologies.
IM Ch 2
2.3 Define molecule and describe two 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
I.C.1. Describe structural body systems, their structure and functions,
methods of bonding that organization of the human body and their common diseases, symptoms and
may form molecules. etiologies.
2.4 Summarize the five functions of water 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
I.C.5. Describe the normal function
in the human body and body systems, their structure and functions,
give an explanation or example of each. of each body system and their
common diseases, symptoms and
etiologies.
2.5 Compare solutions based on tonicity. organization of the human body and their common diseases, symptoms and
etiologies.
2.6 Determine whether a substance is an I.C.1. Describe structural body
acid or a base and its organization of the human body systems, their structure and functions, and
relative strength if given its pH.
their common diseases, symptoms and
etiologies.
2.7 Describe the four types of organic
molecules in the body by
giving the elements present in each, their I.C.1. Describe structural 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
building blocks, an organization of the human body body systems, their structure and functions,
example of each, the location of each and their common diseases, symptoms and
example in the body, and etiologies.
the function of each example.
2.8 Explain three factors governing I.C.1. Describe structural 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
the speed of chemical organization of the human body body systems, their structure and functions,
reactions. and their
etiologies.
2.9 Write the equation for cellular 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
respiration using chemical organization of the human body and their common diseases, symptoms and
symbols and describe it in words. etiologies.
IM Ch 2
2.10 Explain the importance of ATP I.C.1. Describe structural 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
in terms of energy use organization of the human body body systems, their structure and functions,
in the cell. and their common diseases, symptoms and
etiologies.
2.11 Describe cell organelles and explain I.C.1. Describe structural body systems, their structure and functions,
their functions. organization of the human body and their common diseases, symptoms and
etiologies.
2.12 Compare four methods of passive
transport and active 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
transport across a cell membrane in I.C.1. Describe structural body systems, their structure and functions,
terms of materials moved, organization of the human body and their common diseases, symptoms and
direction of movement, and the etiologies.
amount of energy required.
2.13 Describe bulk transport, including I.C.1. Describe structural 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
endocytosis and exocytosis. organization of the human body body systems, their structure and functions,
and their
IM Ch 2

etiologies.
2.14 Describe the processes of
transcription and translation in I.C.1. Describe structural 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
protein synthesis in terms of location and organization of the human body body systems, their structure and functions,
the relevant nucleic and their common diseases, symptoms and
acids involved. etiologies.
2.15 Describe what happens to a protein I.C.1. Describe structural 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
after translation. organization of the human body body systems, their structure and functions,
and their
etiologies.
2.16 Explain the possible consequences of I.C.1. Describe structural 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
body
mistakes in protein organization of the human body systems, their structure and functions, and
synthesis. their common diseases, symptoms and
etiologies.
2.17 Describe the process of mitosis, 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
including a comparison of the I.C.1. Describe structural body systems, their structure and functions,
chromosomes in a parent cell to the organization of the human body and their common diseases, symptoms and
chromosomes in the daughter cells. etiologies.
2.18 Explain the possible consequences of I.C.6. Identify common pathology body systems, their structure and functions,
mistakes in replication. related to each body system and their common diseases, symptoms and
etiologies.
I.C.10. Compare body structure and body
2.19 Describe the effects of aging on cell function of the human body across systems, their structure and functions, and
division. their common diseases, symptoms and
the life span etiologies.
2.20 Describe the four classifications of I.C.1. Describe structural body systems, their structure and functions,
tissues in the human body. organization of the human body and their common diseases, symptoms and
etiologies.
IM Ch 2
2.21 Describe the modes of tissue growth, I.C.6. Identify common pathology 2.b. Identify and apply the knowledge of all
body systems, their structure and functions,
change, shrinkage, and related to each body system and their common diseases, symptoms and
death. etiologies.
2.22 Identify the human body body
systems and their major organs. I.C.4. List major organs in each body systems, their structure and functions, and
system their common diseases, symptoms and
etiologies.
IM Ch 2
SUMMARY TABLE 2
LEARNING LECTURE ACTIVITIES – TALKING ASSESSMENTS

OUTCOME OUTLINE POINTS
2.1 List the levels of I. Overview Talking Point: Perhaps make a WkBk Review Questions:
II. Levels of organization MS: 10
organization of the human body pyramid with chemicals at the base
from simplest to most complex. and then put the various levels above
Chapter Figure: the base until you get to the point of
2.1 (Levels of
the pyramid. At the point of the
organization in the human
pyramid, place HUMANS. This
body)
would give students an idea of what
it takes to maintain homeostasis in
humans. If any of the lower levels
malfunction, the human would
malfunction (topple off the top of the
pyramid).
IM Ch 2
2.2 Define the terms matter, A. Chemical level Discussion point: 1 (see below) Spot Check: 1
element, atom,
1. Atoms and isotopes
and isotope.
Talking point:
Chapter Figures: Draw an example of an atom on the
2.2 (PeriodicTable of the board. Explain to students that a
Elements)
limited number of electrons can be in
2.3 (Carbon atom diagram)
each orbit around the nucleus of an
atom. That limit for the first 20
Table:
elements of the periodic table is 2 in
2.1 (Major elements of the
the first shell, 8 in the second shell, 8
human body)
in the third shell, and 8 in the fourth
shell. This leads into Group Activity
1.
2.3 Define molecule and 2. Bonding to form Group Activity: 1 (see below) WkBk Review Questions:
molecules
MS: 3
describe two methods of
Completion: 4
bonding that may form Chapter Figure:
molecules. 2.4 (Bonding)
IM Ch 2
Case Study: 1
2.4 Summarize the five 3. Water WkBk Review Questions:
functions of water in
the human body and give an MS: 2
explanation or example of each.
2.5 Compare solutions based on 4. Solutions WkBk Review Questions:
tonicity.
Completion: 3
Chapter Figure: Critical thinking: 1
2.5 (Tonicity)
2.6 Determine whether a 5. Acids, bases, and WkBk Laboratory exercises and Spot Check: 2
pH activities:
substance is an acid or a base WkBk Review Questions:
pH
MS: 4
and its relative strength if given Chapter Figures:
its pH. 2.6 (pH scale) WkBk Figures:
2.7 (pH comparison) 2.32 (pH scale)
2.33 (pH paper)
2.34 (Eight mystery fluids)
2.35 (Completed pH tests)
Talking Point: Be sure to stress and

give several examples showing that
each number on the pH scale is a
multiplicative factor of 10. In other
IM Ch 2
words; how many times more acidic
is pH 6 compared to pH 8? How
many times more acidic is pH 3
compared to
pH 6, etc.
2.7 Describe the four types of 6. Organic molecules WkBk Concept maps: Spot Check: 3
organic molecules in the body a. Carbohydrates Chemical level WkBk Review Questions:
b. Lipids Figure 2.38 (Chemical level concept MS: 7
by giving the elements present
map)
in each, their building blocks, an
IM Ch 2
example of each, the location c. Proteins Matching: 1-5

d. Nucleic acids
of each example in the body,
and the function of each
example. Chapter Figures:
2.8 (Carbohydrates)
2.9 (Triglyceride (fat)

synthesis)
2.10 (Protein structure)
2.11 (DNA structure)
Table:
2.2 (Organic molecules)
2.8 Explain three factors 7. Chemical reactions Spot Check: 4
a. Speed of reactions WkBk Review Questions:
governing the speed of chemical
MS: 1
reactions.
2.9 Write the equation for b. Cellular Talking Point: WkBk Review
respiration
Balancing chemical equations is not Questions:
cellular respiration using
Completion 1,
chemical symbols and describe a necessary skill for an A&P student.
2
it in words. However, understanding equations is
important. The balancing of the
IM Ch 2
equation for cellular respiration is
simply meant to help students (who
have little chemistry background)
understand what all the numbers and
their locations mean.
2.10 Explain the importance of c. ATP Spot Check: 7

ATP in terms of energy use in Quiz: 1 Chemistry
Chapter Figure: (Covers LOs 2.2-2.10 see
the cell.
below)
2.12 (Formation of ATP)
IM Ch 2
2.11 Describe cell organelles B. Organelle level WkBk Coloring book: Spot Check: 5
1. Cell membrane The cell Quiz: 2 Organelles
and explain their functions.
Figure 2.1 (Generic cell) (Covers LO 2.11 see below)
Chapter Figures:
2.13 (Generic cell) WkBk Concept map: WkBk Review Questions:
2.14 (Cell membrane – Organelle level Matching: 6-10
plasma membrane) Figure 2.39 (Organelle level concept Critical thinking: 2
map)
Table:
2.3 (Organelles)
IM Ch 2
2.12 Compare four methods of passive transport and active transport across a cell membrane in terms of materials moved,
direction of movement, and the amount of energy required.
C. Cellular level WkBk Laboratory exercises and Spot Check: 6, 7
1. Membrane transport activities:
a. Passive transport Osmosis WkBk Review Questions:

b. Active transport Figure 2.36 (Graph of an MS: 5, 6
egg) Table 2.1 (Weights Critical thinking: 1
Chapter Figures: of the egg)
2.15 (Simple diffusion)
2.16 (Examples of Talking Point:
IM Ch 2
membrane proteins If you have access to HCl, the
during transport) osmosis workbook activity (above)
2.17 (Osmosis)
makes a great demo. Mix equal parts
2.18 (Red blood cells water and HCl. Wear a vinyl glove
in three solutions) and roll a raw egg in the acid/water
solution until the shell is dissolved,
leaving only the membrane
surrounding the raw egg. The
membrane should be translucent. If it
is opaque, it has been burned by the
acid. You can point out this is the
same acid as in the stomach, and that
the egg shell is not unlike a
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THE BRIDGE OF
MIEN CHUH SZE CHUAN.
When a rich man or a company of rich men wish to benefit their

province, it is quite a common thing for them to let their generosity
take the form of the building of a bridge. This bridge was so built. It is
a most beautiful structure, both in form and colour. The roof is of
green tiles, the inside being lined with crimson lacquer, deeply
incised in gold with the names of the donors.
THE BRIDGE OF
MIEN CHUH SZE CHUAN
A SIMPLE
COUNTRY BRIDGE.
The kind of bridge found on a secondary road in Sze Chuan,

constructed of wood roofed in with tiles, after the manner of
Switzerland, to protect it from the weather.
A SIMPLE
COUNTRY BRIDGE
A DRAGON BRIDGE.
Quite a common form of stone bridge, in which every pier is

surmounted by a dragon, the national emblem.
A DRAGON BRIDGE
THE ZIG-ZAG BRIDGE
OF SHANGHAI.
Its name indicates its peculiar character. It makes nine zig-zags

across the water to the most celebrated tea house in Shanghai, and,
perhaps, the most fashionable tea house in China. It is the resort of
mandarins and people of the upper classes. Women are never seen
at the tea houses. They are patronised by men only. Women,
indeed, are very little seen in public at all. The absence of the female
element is a marked feature in Chinese life.
THE ZIG-ZAG BRIDGE
OF SHANGHAI
THE GARDEN OF THE
GUILD OF BENEVOLENCE, CHUNG
KING.
China is the country of guilds. All workmen and traders have their
guilds. To this rule there are but two exceptions—the water-carriers
and the trackers (men who drag the boats up the rapids); these
alone have no trade organisation. These guilds, or trade unions, are
as complete and as effective for good or harm as anything we know
in this country. They watch most jealously the interests of their craft.
But the guild enters into the life of the people at every turn. The
charities of the Empire, which are numerous, are conducted by
guilds. There is, perhaps, little personal charity and benevolence; it
is safer to leave these to the guilds. But there is scarcely a town of
any size that has not its Guild of Benevolence. Soup kitchens,
clothing for the living, coffins and burial for the dead, hospitals, free
dispensaries, orphan and foundling homes, life-boats, and many
other charities are the outcome of these Guilds of Benevolence.
THE GARDEN OF THE
GUILD OF BENEVOLENCE,
CHUNG KING
A BURIAL CHARITY.
A cemetery, with temple attached, for the burial, with all sacred
rites, of strangers who may have died friendless. To a Chinaman the
most important event in his history is his burial. We can have no idea
of what decent burial means to him. He is thinking of it and arranging
for it all his life, and it is not to be wondered at that so large a part of
the operation of Chinese charity should connect itself with funerals.
To be suitably buried is the great hope and aim of every Chinaman.
This Cemetery, with its funeral rites, is one of the operations of a
Guild of Benevolence.
A BURIAL CHARITY
A BABY TOWER,
FOOCHOW.
When a baby dies, and the parents are too poor to give it a decent
burial, they drop its poor little body into one of the openings in this
tower. A Guild of Benevolence charges itself with the task of clearing
out the tower every two or three days, burying the bodies with all
religious rites and ceremony.

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IM Ch 2

Chapter 2 The Levels of Organization of the Human Body

COMPETENCY CORRELATION GRID

Learning Outcome CAAHEP Competencies ABHES Competencies

common diseases, symptoms and

LEARNING LECTURE ACTIVITIES – TALKING ASSESSMENTS

Talking Point: Be sure to stress and

example of each, the location c. Proteins Matching: 1-5

2.9 (Triglyceride (fat)

2.10 Explain the importance of c. ATP Spot Check: 7

a. Passive transport Osmosis WkBk Review Questions:

2.16 (Examples of Talking Point:

membrane proteins If you have access to HCl, the

during transport) osmosis workbook activity (above)

When a rich man or a company of rich men wish to benefit their

The kind of bridge found on a secondary road in Sze Chuan,

Quite a common form of stone bridge, in which every pier is

Its name indicates its peculiar character. It makes nine zig-zags

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