Critiquing a systematic literature review can be a challenging task for many individuals, especially

those who are new to academic writing or lack experience in conducting thorough research. A
systematic literature review requires a critical analysis of existing literature on a particular topic, with
the aim of identifying gaps, inconsistencies, and areas for further research. However, the process of
critiquing a systematic literature review involves more than just summarizing the findings of
previous studies—it requires careful evaluation of the methodology, analysis, and conclusions
presented in the review.

One of the key challenges in critiquing a systematic literature review is ensuring that all relevant
studies have been included and that the search strategy used to identify these studies is
comprehensive and unbiased. This often involves reviewing the search terms and databases used, as
well as assessing the criteria used to select studies for inclusion in the review. Additionally, it is
important to consider whether any studies have been excluded and whether this may have introduced
bias into the review.

Another challenge in critiquing a systematic literature review is assessing the quality of the studies
included. This involves evaluating factors such as the study design, sample size, data collection
methods, and statistical analysis techniques used in each study. It is important to consider whether
the studies included in the review are methodologically sound and whether any limitations or biases
may have influenced the results.

Furthermore, critiquing a systematic literature review requires a careful examination of the

conclusions drawn by the authors. This involves assessing whether the conclusions are supported by
the evidence presented in the review and whether any alternative explanations or interpretations have
been considered. It is also important to consider the implications of the findings for future research
and practice in the field.

In summary, critiquing a systematic literature review can be a complex and challenging task,
requiring careful attention to detail and a thorough understanding of research methodology and
analysis techniques. However, by following a systematic approach and carefully evaluating the
various components of the review, it is possible to provide a comprehensive critique that contributes
to the advancement of knowledge in the field.

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They’re the most common type of systematic literature review. An update requires appraisal and
revision of the background, question, inclusion criteria, and methods of the existing review and the
existing certainty in the evidence. A review may discuss data, opinions, or practices from a focused
geographical region; it may explore one specific technology or system, or aim to provide
comprehensive coverage about a topic. For example, the U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act
of 2007 calls for the ability to directly compare life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for different fuel
sources ( United States 2007 ). OR Internet OR World-Wide Web OR project OR development. One
hundred and forty-seven participants, who were authors of research on abstracts, established authors
of systematic reviews, methodologists or statisticians related to systematic reviews, and journal
editors, were invited by email to complete the three rounds of the web-based survey. When and how
to update systematic reviews: consensus and checklist Related content Peer review This article has a
correction. In this paper, a study of all the modern and most popular frequent pattern mining
technique is also performed. Reporting changes Authors should provide a clear description of the
changes in approach or methods between different editions of a review. The current emphasis of
authors, guideline developers, Cochrane, and consequently this guidance has been on effects
reviews. The management of authorship between versions can sometimes be complicated. Parallel
tracks Parallel interwoven creation tracks. We propose a checklist for a standardized technique for
assessing and reporting reviews of LCA data (STARR-LCA) to assist in structuring the process of
conducting and reporting systematic reviews. Again, the Cochrane organisation has further details
on data extraction. Be aware that librarians sometimes have queues for their search time. Additional
question parameters such as the technology type, geographic region, or time may be relevant
depending on the research question. Other disciplines have successfully applied the systematic
review structure common in biomedical research; we introduce the STARR-LCA checklist as a
starting point for standardizing systematic reviews in LCA. The updating team can assess this
informally by judging whether new studies or data are likely to substantively affect the review, for
example, by altering the certainty in an existing comparison, or by generating new comparisons and
analyses in the existing review. Template for systematic literature review 2019-02-27. It is concerned
with creating a convincible reviewed research method that has a specific focus or answers a specific
question. Pattanittum P, Laopaiboon M, Moher D, Lumbiganon P, Ngamjarus C. It is considered the
ideal type of literature review, especially for dissemination in high-level clinical journals and the
presentations of scientific studies. After judging eligibility of the returned articles, eligible articles
were uploaded to the website Connected Papers for a second round of snowballing. This guidance
helps authors of systematic reviews, commissioners, and editors decide when to update a systematic
review, and then how to go about updating the review. PRISMA for Abstracts: Reporting Systematic
Reviews in Journal and The PRISMA for Abstracts checklist gives authors a framework for
condensing their systematic review into the essentials for an abstract that will meet the needs of
many readers.. Identify the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both.. Hartley J (2000)
Clarifying the abstracts of systematic literature reviews. Only those who completed round one were
invited to participate in rounds two and three. The work is made available under the Creative
Commons CC0 public domain dedication. A checklist is not sufficient to ensure good abstract
writing. These notes will be used in creating one or more tables to display key elements of the
studies reviewed and in forming impressions about the strength and the direction of evidence on the
topic of your review. These cover both conference proceedings and workshop proceedings alongside
published articles (original research, literature reviews, comments, opinions, letters etc).
References Beckerman, A. (1998). Charting a course: Meeting the challenge of permanency planning
for children with incarcerated mothers. The predominance of the abstract in biomedical literature use
is clear. Systematic Reviews: the process, quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. Mobile
Trends And The New Threats - Is Your SAP System Vulnerable to Cyber At. We recommend that
journal keyword databases include the terms “meta-analysis” and “systematic review” in order to
support appropriate classification and maximize search functions. Indeed, there is probably added
value to updating a review, because this will include taking into account comments and criticisms,
and adoption of new methods in an iterative process. 2 3 4 5 6 Cochrane has over 20 years of
experience with preparing and updating systematic reviews, with the publication of over 6000
systematic reviews. Next, two researchers (MH and LJ) independently reviewed full-text and judged
eligibility of the tools. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; suppl 2: 29 - 31. How to properly use the
PRISMA Statement Systematic Reviews supports the complete and transparent reporting of
research. The form should be designed and piloted when the protocol is defined. Chair of
Information Systems IV, University of Mannheim, L 15, 1-6, 68131 Mannheim, Germany. Health
Technol Assessment 2 (3). 21. Schulz KF, Grimes DA (2006) The Lancet handbook of essential
concepts in clinical research. The main components of a literature review are overview, techniques,
discussion, conclusion, and bibliography. There are currently no widely recognized guidelines for
designing, conducting, or reporting systematic reviews in LCA. From evidence based economics to
economics based evidence: using systematic review to inform the design of future research.
McMaster Premium LiteratUre Service (PLUS) performed well for identifying new studies for
updated Cochrane reviews. They depend on the currency of the question asked, the need for
updating to maintain credibility, the availability of new evidence, and whether new research or new
methods will affect the findings. Methodology systematic reviews can be carried out to analyze any
methodological issues in the design, conduct, or review of research studies. Anything that is unclear
will need to be checked by reviewing the full paper. Analysis: Involves critically evaluating and
summarizing key findings, methodologies, and debates found in. This approach can be seriously
misleading, however, and should be discouraged. Updates will include a new search for potentially
relevant studies and incorporate any eligible studies or data; and adjust the findings and conclusions
as appropriate. Our rationale was that some appraisal tools may exist in the format of grey literature,
such as agency reports and technical support documents. I still can’t believe I’ve scored the highest
in class with their help. Thanks. User testing and stakeholder feedback contributed to the
development of understandable and useful Summary of Findings tables for Cochrane reviews. For
patients and other healthcare consumers, this means that care and policy development might not be
fully informed by the latest research; furthermore, researchers could be misled and carry out research
in areas where no further research is actually needed. 1 Thus, there are clear benefits to updating
reviews, rather than duplicating the entire process as new evidence emerges or new methods
develop. With information on how sufficiently a tool describes a quality item, tool users might
broaden their horizons on quality concerns of non-randomised studies to be considered and might
select a tool that more completely satisfies their needs. You'll find links to systematic review
databases, and guidance to critically appraising systematic reviews. A logging system is needed to
make sure all relevant studies. As a previous Ontario Graduate Scholar, he has applied his accolades
as a teaching assistant and has become a research associate in the department of surgery at Hamilton
Health Sciences.
We acknowledge the wide range of both qualitative and quantitative synthesis methods that may be
used. Were the inclusion criteria appropriate for the review question? 3. Summary-of-findings tables
in Cochrane reviews improved understanding and rapid retrieval of key information. Formal
prediction tools: how potentially relevant new studies can affect review conclusions View inline Box
4: Examples of new information other than new trials being important The iconic Cochrane review
of steroids in preterm labour was thought to provide evidence of benefit in infants, and this question
no longer required new trials. The selection of participants aimed on broad representation of different
groups involved in producing systematic reviews (including authors, editors, statisticians,
information specialists, and other methodologists), and those using the reviews (guideline developers
and clinicians). Assessment of a method to detect signals for updating systematic reviews. After
judging eligibility of the returned articles, eligible articles were uploaded to the website Connected
Papers for a second round of snowballing. They provide readers with a series of headings, generally
about the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions of the report, and have been adopted by many
journals and conferences. Tool users who may benefit from such information are not only researchers
who conduct non-randomised studies and decision-makers who assess study quality, but also tool
developers who may identify a research gap. You should formulate a “well-built clinical question.”
This is the process of generating a good search question. Results Derived from a Systematic Review
(Davis et al., 2006). Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis Getting Started Guides and Standards
Review Protocols Databases and Sources Randomized Controlled Trials Controlled Clinical Trials
Observational Designs Tests of Diagnostic Accuracy Software and Tools Where do I get all those
articles. Make an assessment checklist that closely aligns with your research protocol, including a
consistent scoring system, calculations of the quality of each study, and sensitivity analysis. For
example qualitative studies can suggest reasons. Availability of data and materials We do not have
any additional data or materials to share. The title of your manuscript can also reflect some of these
factors about the purpose and scope of your review. RQ is important. State the significance of the
review. Brief summary of strength and limitations of evidence (e.g., inconsistency, imprecision,
indirectness, or risk of bias, other supporting or conflicting evidence). Still, since these quality items
are related to NRSI quality, and they are rarely sufficiently described, particular efforts investigating
these quality items may be needed in future tool development. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;
suppl 1: 132. ? Okebe JU, Yahav D, Shbita R, Paul M. It is just as important to identify gaps in
knowledge, as this will inform future areas of research. It may also be possible to combine items
from the checklist into one sentence. Mobile Trends And The New Threats - Is Your SAP System
Vulnerable to Cyber At. LCA of renewable energy for electricity generation systems - A review. As a
result, this type of review is required for most HTA submissions and for most formal documentation
and publications. For more in-depth undergraduate projects, and certainly for full systematic reviews,
the details on the right hand side would need to be fully understood and reported. The systematic
review process is accelerated by streamlining specific methods and approaches to rapidly produce
evidence in a resource-efficient way. These are strictly duplicate studies because they contain the
same data. Andrew has received numerous awards and scholarships including: the Ontario Graduate
Scholarship, the William Henry Yates Travel Scholarship and the Institute of Infectious Disease
Research Undergraduate Research Award. We developed consensus-based reporting guidelines as an
extension to the PRISMA Statement on good reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in
abstracts.
An update requires appraisal and revision of the background, question, inclusion criteria, and
methods of the existing review and the existing certainty in the evidence. JC, HM, RM, CM, KS-W,
and MT are, or were at that time, employed by the Cochrane Central Executive. The items least
addressed for methodological quality included Outcome selection, Outcome definition and Ethical
approval, and for reporting included Intervention selection, Intervention measurement and Length of
follow-up. Systematic review article and Meta-analysis: Main steps for Successful writin. The PUGs
panel recommended that a protocol refresh will require the authors to use the latest accepted
methods of synthesis, even if this means repeating data extraction for all studies. Data sources
Systematic search: Medline; Snowballing: starting from three articles (D’Andrea et al, Quigley et al
and Faria et al ); Grey literature: websites of European HTA agencies listed by the International
Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment. For example, limitations may be
combined with a description of the included studies (i.e., items 6 and 9 from the checklist). Tip:
Don’t miss out on “gray literature.” You’ll improve the reliability of your findings by including it.
Again, record any excluded studies here for reference. 9. Interpret and present the results Consider
different factors when interpreting your results. In brief, the abstract should be an unbiased
representation of the full report. In particular, methods might need to be updated, and search
strategies reconsidered. The Objective of the Review of the Literature is to. With the release of a
major update to PRISMA in 2021, the appropriate use of the updated PRISMA Statement (and its
extensions as those updates progress) will be an essential requirement for review based submissions,
and we encourage authors, peer reviewers, and readers of Systematic Reviews to use and
disseminate that initiative. Description of review protocol Findings and features of the individual
studies in the review Assessment of bias, synthesis methods (qualitative and quantitative), limitations
of the review, summary of findings and conclusions. We recognise that journals have developed their
own set of headings that are considered appropriate for reporting systematic reviews, and it is not
our intention to suggest changes to these headings, but to recommend what should be reported under
them. Life cycle assessment (LCA): Also known as life cycle analysis, LCA is a standardized
framework, (ISO 2006a, 2006b) that can improve our understanding of the impacts of a system or
product through the stages of its manufacturing, utilization, and disposal. Once reference lists have
been finalised the full articles of potentially useful studies. OR Agile, scrum, extreme programming,
lean, crystal clear, feature driven development, dynamic software development. Contributed to the
writing of the manuscript: EMB PPG DGA SH HB IC PCG TL DT. Other groups, including
guideline developers and journal editors, adopt updating principles (as applied, for example, by the
Systematic Reviews journal; ). Navigate the guide using the tabs to the left or the following links.
Systematic review, including meta-analysis, is increasingly utilized in life cycle assessment (LCA).
Were the criteria for appraising studies appropriate? 6. In Cochrane, the decision making process is
decentralised to the Cochrane Review Group editorial team, with different approaches applied, often
informally. PPT PowerPoint slide PNG larger image TIFF original image Section 1: TITLE Item 1:
Title. In a full-scale systematic review a number of authors would do these steps independently to
ensure the process is accurate and to avoid bias introduced by personal choices and preferences.
Citation impact was highly variable for reporting guidelines of health research: a citation analysis.
The core methodology behind a living review can be that of a full SLR or a rapid review. A
systematic review is guided filtering and synthesis of all available evidence addressing a specific,
focused research question, generally about a specific intervention or exposure. The project has
received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
under grant agreement No 825162.
This improved the clarity of the reviews findings in relation to the effects and the importance of the
effects of steroids on death and on disability. 11 A systematic review of dihydroartemisinin-
piperaquine (DHAP) for treating malaria was updated with much more detailed analysis of the
adverse effect data from the existing trials as a result of questions raised by the European Medicines
Agency. Deworming drugs for soil-transmitted intestinal worms in children: effects on nutritional
indicators, haemoglobin and school performance. The form should be designed and piloted when the
protocol is defined. They depend on the currency of the question asked, the need for updating to
maintain credibility, the availability of new evidence, and whether new research or new methods will
affect the findings. In line with this broader view of evidence, JBI has developed theories,
methodologies and rigorous processes for the critical appraisal and synthesis of these diverse forms
of evidence in order to aid in clinical decision-making in healthcare. Summary points Updating
systematic reviews is, in general, more efficient than starting afresh when new evidence emerges.
Software process improvement in small and medium software enterprises: a systematic review. The
panel for updating guidance for systematic reviews (PUGs; comprising review authors, editors,
statisticians, information specialists, related methodologists, and guideline developers) met to
develop guidance for people considering updating systematic reviews. One limitation is that, some
tools identified by our study were originally developed for purposes beyond assessing
methodological quality of reporting of NRSIs, so our study could not cover all potentials of these
tools. Low osmolarity oral rehydration salt (ORS) solution versus standard solution for acute
diarrhoea in children: the 2001 Cochrane review 18 led the World Health Organization to
recommend ORS solution formula worldwide to follow the new ORS solution formula 19 and this
has now been accepted globally. Additional sources of bias across studies, such as failing to locate
appropriate reports to include and the effects of financial conflicts of interest, should be evaluated as
part of the review process; this category of bias can often be minimized by utilizing a well-designed
review protocol ( Miller 2000 ). Authors of updates need to consider inputs to the current edition,
and follow ICMJE criteria regarding authorship. 56 The PUGs panel proposed a decision framework
(fig 1 ? ), with terms and categories for reporting the decisions made for updating procedures for
adoption by Cochrane and other stakeholders. Data extraction and synthesis Two independent
researchers searched, screened and reviewed all included studies and tools, summarised quality items
and scored whether and to what extent a quality item was described by a tool, for either
methodological quality or reporting. The PUGs panel recommended that a protocol refresh will
require the authors to use the latest accepted methods of synthesis, even if this means repeating data
extraction for all studies. As including all elements of the PICOS approach may make the title
unwieldy, we suggest including the most important of these elements in the title. The organising
committee invited participants, put forward the agenda, collected background materials and
literature, and drafted the structure of the report. Accounting for ecosystem services in life cycle
assessment, Part I: A critical review. Suggestion. A shift from an up-front design to up-front
analysis. For example, of the 44 tools identified by D’Andrea et al, 13 27 were published between
2003 and 2019; while in our study, 47 were identified as published between 2003 and 2019. Reprints
and permissions About this article Cite this article. Systematic Literature Reviews and Systematic
Mapping Studies Systematic Literature Reviews and Systematic Mapping Studies Chapter 2
incorporating theory and conducting literature search and review Chapter 2 incorporating theory and
conducting literature search and review Bridging The Research-Practice Gap Through Evidence-
Based Management And Syst. For example, studies with results that are deemed statistically
significant may be more likely to be submitted and accepted for publication over findings that are not
statistically significant, and there may be political obstacles to submitting articles that conflict with
current practices ( Johnson and Dickersin 2007; Taubes 1998 ). Small business group health
insurance plansSmall business group health insurance plans. Systematic review article and Meta-
analysis: Main steps for Successful writin. Some other items that were rarely addressed or
insufficiently addressed included Outcome blinding and Loss to follow-up. In health care, the
acronym PICO describes one common model for question structure where the key components are
the P opulation of study, the I ntervention, a C omparison group, and the O utcome of interest
(Liberati et al. 2009; Booth and Fry-Smith, 2003 ). Provenance and peer review Not commissioned;
externally peer reviewed. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the
corresponding author for the article. Technology (J), Software Process Improvement and Practice (J).
Watson, 2002), they are less common in software engineer-.
The search strings were constructed by linking the four OR lists using. Thus, in this context, the
importance of a systematic review is to consolidate and characterise the research topic by thoroughly
examining and evaluating the most recent experimental work on the topic. Take a look at these
guidelines for interpreting results from the Cochrane Institute. Technology (J), Software Process
Improvement and Practice (J). This evidence generation process typically involves some form of
systematic literature review (SLR). Objectives should reflect what the review intended to evaluate,
such as benefit (example 2a), harms (example 2b), association, predictive value (example 2c), of the
intervention or exposure of interest and the population or context in which this is being studied.
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 2nd Edition ed. Chichester: Wiley;
2019. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;( 10 ): CD007482. Reprints and permissions About this
article Cite this article. Your systematic literature review doesn’t have to contain a comparison, but
you’ll want to stipulate at this stage, either way. This is an open access article distributed in
accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license,
which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license
their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate
credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See:. Statistics from
Altmetric.com Request permissions. User testing and stakeholder feedback contributed to the
development of understandable and useful Summary of Findings tables for Cochrane reviews. In
most cases, updated reviews are most useful to stakeholders when there is new information or
methods that result in a change in findings. Publications Account settings Advanced Search Journal
List HHS Author Manuscripts Systematic Review Checklist: A Standardized Technique for
Assessing and Reporting Reviews of Life Cycle Assessment Data Jennifer m. zumsteg. University
of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine in Seattle, WA, USA Joyce S. Yet, the
literature searching component of systematic reviews and related review types is often poorly
reported. Different dosage schedules for reducing cardiotoxicity in people with cancer receiving
anthracycline chemotherapy. Guidance for literature search reporting has been diverse, and, in many
cases, does not offer enough detail to authors who need more specific information about reporting
search methods and. Assessment of the need to update comparative effectiveness reviews: report of
an initial rapid program assessment (2005-2009). Any revisions should be outlined and commented
upon in subsequent publications and the protocol described should be transparent and complete
enough to allow for replication. The Editors require the submission of a populated checklist from the
relevant reporting guidelines, including the PRISMA checklist or the most appropriate PRISMA
extension. Using the PRISMA statement and its extensions to write protocols or the completed
review report, and completing the PRISMA checklists are likely to let reviewers and readers know
what authors did and found, but also to optimize the quality of reporting and make the peer review
process more efficient. From evidence based economics to economics based evidence: using
systematic review to inform the design of future research. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. ed.
Adelaide: JBI; 2020. Limitations may include: risk of bias common to many or all studies, such as
lack of blinding for subjective outcomes (example 9b) or unavailability of data (example 9a);
inconsistency of effect or association, as demonstrated by high heterogeneity (examples 9c and 9d);
imprecision, e.g., due to few events or small sample sizes; indirectness of the evidence, such as the
use of an intermediate or short-term outcome (examples 9b and 9c); and likely publication bias
(example 9c). Procedures for documenting the search process are given in Table 2. The standardized
technique for assessing and reporting reviews of LCA (STARR-LCA) checklist is a starting point for
improving the utility of systematic reviews in LCA. Before beginning the systematic review, the
authors provide guidelines for determining which evidence should be included or omitted. In
addition to including all the questions needed to answer the review question and. Upload Read for
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