INTRIDUCTION I
CHAPTER administer medication to
1.1 Backgroun
Communication is a
very special and meaningful
process in human relations. In
the nursing profession,
communication becomes
more meaningful because it is
a peer-to-peer method that
requires special abilities and
great social concern
(Abdalati, 1989).
key in implementing
nursing process. Experience
knowledge to help For this
reason, nurses need special
abilities and social care which
include intellectual, technical
and interpersonal skills which
are reflected in "caring" or
affectionate behavior
(Johnson, 1989) in
communicating with other
people. Nurses who have
therapeutic communication
skills will not only be able to
easily establish relationships
of trust with clients, prevent
legal problems, provide
professional satisfaction in
nursing services and improve
the image of the nursing
profession and the image of
the hospital (Achir Yani), but
the most important thing is to
apply their knowledge to
provide assistance towards
fellow humans.
Nurses have an important role
and function in the world of
health because they are
intermediary doctors who
deal directly with patients and
help or serve various patient
needs, one of which is in
medical therapy and how to
patients. Nurses are the last
link in the patient's chain.
He's more in the process of
administering medication to
Which know about the
patient's condition to patient
complaints.
Nurses have a major
role in improving and
maintaining by encouraging
clients to be proactive if they
need treatment. Treatment or
medication is a drug given for
therapeutic or healing
purposes. Because drugs can
cure or harm patients,
administering drugs is the
nurse's most important task.
Not all patients know about
medicines and how they
work, this is due to several
factors including visual,
hearing, intellectual or motor
disorders which may make it
difficult for patients to take
responsibility for whether
they are taking the right
medicine or not. The most
nurse drug. Therefore, nurse
know about the patient's
needs and response to
medical therapy and the
appropriate method of
administering medication.
1.2 Problem Formulation
administering oral, IM, IV,
SC, IC, Topical, Suppository,
Sublingual drugs and
specimen collection Phases of
therapeutic communication in
administering oral, IM, IV,
SC, IC, topical, suppositories,
sublingual drugs, specimen
collection And Nurses'
attitudes and communication
techniques in administering in establishing a relationship
oral, IM, IV, SC, IC, topical, more than 80% Our
suppository, sublingual relationship is more
medication and specimen nonverbal.
collection. In an effort to help
and make communication
1.3 Objectives easier, before
Know the concept of communicating, a novice
communication in nurse must first develop a
administering oral, IM, IV, strategy for implementing
SC, IC, topical, suppository, communication. The
sublingual drugs and taking communication
specimens. implementation strategy is a
Know the phases of series of conversations
therapeutic communication in between the nurse and the
administering oral, IM, IV, client's actions. This
SC, IC, topical, suppository, implementation strategy
sublingual drugs and trains intellectual abilities as
specimen collection Know well or partners when
the attitudes and implementing it pattern
communication techniques of communication intellectual
nurses in administering oral, ability, psychomotor and
IM, IV, SC, IC, topical, Colexitro bile affective in an
suppository, sublingual drugs integrated manner.
and taking specimens Furthermore, if
Playing a role model about... miscommunication occurs,
the nurse must have the
CHAPTER II ability to analyze
DISCUSSION communication patterns. For
2.1 Communication example, Interaction Process
Concepts Analysis (API), is a means of
A. Definition analyzing the stages of
Facilitative surgical communication between
practice. Nurse within 24 nurses and clients, both
hours of practice always verbal and nonverbal. Then
Communication is a both are interpreted.
relationship with clients and
other health work B. Communication
relationships. is it nurse- techniques
client, nurse family, nurses Nurses need to
and nurse doctors and nurses understand the entire process
with officers. so that communication
So a nurse should be achieves goals and the time
aware that every behavior is used is effective. Nurses
good communication verbal present themselves when
or nonverbal A nurse communication must be total,
requested For have the ability namely; physical and
psychological.
Communication techniques:
1. Open questions
Open questions are
where the nurse encourages
the client to be able to
express his feelings.
2. Shut up
Silence is a nurse not
communicating verbally for
therapeutic reasons. The
therapeutic value is to give
the client time to think and
appreciate while the nurse
provides support and
acceptance.
3. Hear
Listening is the
nurse's active process in
receiving information and
examining the client's
reactions or responses. The
therapeutic value is that a
nurse nonverbally accepts
and is able to communicate to
clients by showing interest
and paying attention to the
problems they are facing.
4. Reflection
Reflection is a nurse
being able to redirect ideas,
thoughts, feelings, questions
and the content of the
conversation to the client.
The therapeutic value is in
being able to validate what
the client says and
emphasizing empathy,
interest and respect for the
client
5. Clarification
Clarification is a
nurse being able to explain
unclear ideas, feelings,
thoughts or ask the client to
explain what he means. The
therapeutic value is to help
clarify the client's feelings,
ideas and thoughts and
provide an explanation of the
relationship between feelings
and actions.
6. Focusing
Focusing is helping
the client talk on a chosen
topic. The therapeutic value
is that the conversation does
not stray from the chosen
topic, so that the client does
not experience difficulty in
providing conclusions.
Therapeutic
communication is a client
shared experience between
client nurses which aims to
resolve client problems that
influence patient behavior. A
therapeutic nursing
relationship is a shared
learning experience and
experience using various
communication techniques so
that client behavior changes
in a positive direction as
optimally as possible. To
carry out effective therapeutic
communication, nurses must
have sufficient skills and
understand themselves.
Therapeutic communication
cannot happen by itself, but
must be planned, considered
and carried out
professionally. The first time
a nurse carries out therapeutic
communication, the
communication process is
generally short, awkward,
artificial and seems artificial.
This will be more helpful in
perceiving each patient
relationship as an opportunity
to achieve positive human
relations so it will make it
easier to achieve therapeutic
purposes.
2.2 Phases of Therapeutic
Communication
1. Preparation Stage (Pre-
interaction)
Preparation Stage or
pre-client interaction.
Then the nurse designs a
strategy for the first
meeting with the client.
This stage must be
carried out by a person to
overcome his anxiety,
and convince himself that
he is ready to interact
with clients. very
important to do before
interact with clients. At
this stage And excess the
nurse explores feelings
identify and its
shortcomings. At this
stage Nurses also seek
information about nurse
to understand herself, The
nurse's duties at this stage
include:
a) Explore feelings,
hopes, and
anxieties
b) Analyze strengths
and weaknesses
Alone
c) Collect data about
clients
d) Plan the first
meeting with the
client
2. Introduction
Stage Introduction is
an activity carried out
when you first meet or
contact with clients On
When getting acquainted,
the nurse must introduce
herself first to the client.
By introducing himself, it
means that the nurse has
been open to the client
and it is hoped that this
will encourage the client
to open up. The purpose
of this stage is to validate
the accuracy of the data
and plans that have been
made with the client's
current situation, as well
as evaluating the results
of past actions. The
nurse's duties at this stage
include: Foster mutual
trust, show acceptance,
and open communication.
Formulating contracts
with clients (Christina, et
al, 2002).
Explore thoughts and
feelings and identify
client problems.
Formulate goals with
clients.
3. Work Phase
This work stage is the
core stage of the entire
therapeutic
communication process.
At this stage the nurse
and client work together
to overcome the problems
faced by the client. At
this stage of work, the
nurse's ability to
encourage clients to
express their feelings and
thoughts is required.
4. Termination Stage
Termination is the end
of the nurse's meeting
with the client. This stage
is divided into two,
namely temporary
termination and final
termination.
 Temporary
termination is the end of
each nurse-client
meeting. After temporary
termination, the nurse
will meet again with the
client at the specified
time. Final termination
occurs if The nurse has
completed the entire
nursing process. The
nurse's duties at this stage
include: Evaluate the
achievement of objectives
from the interactions that
have been carried out.
Conduct subjective
evaluations.
Agree on follow-up to
interactions that have
been carried out. Make a
contract for a meeting

2.3 Attitudes and

Communication
Techniques