STS
those observations to explain the natural world.
Science - Body of knowledge
Technology - Practical application of science.
Society - Sum total of a population
Science, technology and society
 helps address issues and problems that are of
concern to the general population
 solved problems like:
 Eradicating disease
 Equal access to resources
 Climate Change
JAPAN (Advance Asean Country)
 one of the first countries to understand the true
power of technology and has embraced its
benefits.
 qualified as one of the most powerful tech giants
all over the world.
 Their modern infrastructure, technological
prowess, and highly educated labor force allows
it to promote an ecosystem where businesses can
flourish and grow through innovation
 Their technological advancements is from the
youth of Japan.
 Statistics show that among 34 OECD countries
Japanese students performance levels rank
second in mathematics and first in science. Japan
spends around 3.59% of GDP in public spending
on education.
WHAT WENT WRONG IN THE PH?
(HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS)
FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO 600 BC
- involved practical arts like healing practices and
metal tradition.
- 3,000 years before Christ, the ancient Egyptians
already had reasonably sophisticated medical
practices.
- IMHOTEP - was renowned for his knowledge of
medicine.
- TRIAL AND ERROR - heart of Egyptian medicine
- PAPYRUS - one of the early inventions of Egyptian
civilization
 ancient form of paper revolutionized the way
information was transmitted from person to
person and generation to generation.
 Before this, they are using clay tablets
THE ADVENT OF SCIENCE (600BC TO 500 AD)
- ANCIENT GREEKS
 the early thinkers
 the first true scientists.
 collected facts and observations and then used
ISLAMIC GOLDEN AGE (8th century – 14th century )
- was a period of cultural, economic and scientific
flourishing in the history of Islam.
- ended 15th/16th century
- traditionally understood to have begun during the
reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to
809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom
in Baghdad.
- also famous for the Islamic empire's strength as a
centre of trade, which meant ideas and knowledge,
as well as goods, could travel out of and into the
empire.
- Inventions:
 SURGERY
 TOOTHBRUSH
 ALGEBRA
 OPTICS
 HOSPITALS
AL-BIRUNI AND AVICENNA
- produced books that contain descriptions of the
preparation of hundred of drugs made from
medicinal plants and chemical compounds
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN ANCIENT CHINA
- gave the world the Four Great Inventions
 compass
 gunpowder
 papermaking
 printing
THE RENAISSANCE (1300AD-1600AD)
- By 1500 the presses of Europe had produced some
six million books.
- the development of printing amounted to a
communications revolution of the order of the
invention of writing
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD (1715 AD-1789AD)
- Age of Reason
- characterized by thinkers and philosophers
throughout Europe and the United States that
believed that humanity could be changed and
improved through science and reason
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION(1760- 1840)
- What science offered in the 18th century was the
hope that careful observation and experimentation
might improve industrial production significantly.
- Lightbulb (Thomas edison)
- Phonograph (Thomas Edison)
- Telegraph (Samuel Morse)
- Airplane (Wright Brothers)
- Modern Steam Engene (james Watt)
- MAIN FEATURES
 use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel.
 the use of new energy source
 new organization of work known as the factory
system
 Important developments in transportation and
communication
 increasing application of science to industry
Fourth Industrial Revolution
- a way of describing the blurring of boundaries
between the physical, digital, and biological worlds.
- fusion of advances in artificial intelligence (AI),
robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), 3D printing,
genetic engineering, quantum computing, and other
technologies.
- Artificial intelligence (AI)
 computers that can “think” like humans
- Virtual reality (VR)
 offers immersive digital experiences that simulate
the real world, while augmented reality merges
the digital and physical worlds
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
- we have or lack today in terms of science and
technology is very much an effect of the government
policies that had been enacted by past public officials.
Pre-Spanish Era
- very primitive technology was brought by primal
needs of survival by hunting wild animals and
gathering fruits and vegetables in the forest.
- when clay is mixed with 2 water and then shaped into
something before sun drying
- they have learned how to extract, smelt and
refine metals
- The ancient crafts of stone carving, pottery and
smelting of metals involves a lot of science, which is
understanding the nature of matter involved.
Spanish Colonial Era
- Caoili (1983)
the beginnings of modern science and technology
in the country can be traced back to the Spanish
regime because they established schools, hospitals
and started scientific research
- The 3 highest institution of learning during this time
was the Royal and Pontifical University of Santo
Tomas
American Period
- establishment of various public tertiary schools
 Philippine Normal School
 University of the Philippines
University of the Philippines Los Baños
- College of Agriculture in 1909
University of the Philippines – Diliman
- Colleges of Arts, Engineering
- Veterinary Medicine in 1910
- sending qualified Filipinos abroad for advanced
training were conducted to eventually fill up the
teaching positions in Philippine universities.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SINCE INDEPENDENCE
- Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of
Science
- agency faced lack of financial support from the
government and experienced planning and
coordination problems.
- Carlos P. Garcia – National Science and Development
Board
- focused on science and technology
institutional capacity-building
1960s – 1990s
- declared in Section 9(1) of the 1973 Philippine
Constitution that the “advancement of science and
technology shall have priority in the national
development.”
- Ferdinand E. Marcos
 5-hectare land in Bicutan, Taguig - site of the
Philippine Science Community
 1969, the government provided funds to private
universities to encourage them to conduct
research and create courses in science and
technology.
 conducted seminars for public and private high
school and college science teachers
 1970s, several research institutes
were established under the NSDB:
o Coconut Research Institute
o Philippine Textile Research Institute
 Philippine Atomic Energy Commission - explored
the uses of atomic energy for economic
development
 Pres. Marcos assisted:
o 107 institutions in undertaking nuclear
energy work
o 482 scientists, doctors, engineers and
technicians
- 1982, NSDB was further reorganized into a National
Science and Technology Authority (NSTA)
- composed of four research and development
Councils:
  Philippine Council for Agriculture and
Resources Research and Development
(PCARRD)
 Philippine Council for Industry and Energy
Research Development (PCIERD)
 Philippine Council for Health Research and
Development (PCHRD)
 National Research Council of the Philippines
(NRCP)
CORAZON AQUINO
- 1986, NSTA was replaced by Department of Science
and Technology (representation in cabinet)
- Under the Medium Term Philippines Development
Plan for the years 1987-1992, science and
technology's role in economic recovery and sustained
economic growth was highlighted
DIWATA-1
- In April 2016, the country launched into space its first
micro-satellite
- It was designed, developed and assembled by Filipino
researchers and engineers under the guidance of
Japanese experts.
- provides real-time, high-resolution and multi-color
infrared images for various applications
- enables a more precise estimate of the country’s
agricultural production,
- provides images of watersheds and floodplains for a
better understanding of water available for irrigation,
power and domestic consumption.

FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF DOST

1. Pursue the declared state policy
2. Develop local capability
3. Encourage greater private sector participation in
research and development.

FIDEL RAMOS

- 1998, there was an estimated 3,000 competent

scientists and engineers in the Philippines.
- The government provided 3,500 scholarships for
students who were taking up professions related to
S&T.
- “Science and Technology Agenda for National
Development “(STAND)
 A project stablished by DOST
 a program that was significant to the field of
S&T.
 identified seven export products, 11 domestic
needs, three other supporting industries, and
the coconut industry as priority investment
areas.
- The domestic needs identified were food, housing,
health, clothing, transportation, communication,
disaster mitigation, defense, environment, manpower
development, and energy.

GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO

- “Filipinnovation”
 was the coined term used in helping the
Philippines to be an innovation hub in Asia.

Philippines ranked 73rd out of 128 economies in terms of

Science and Technology and Innovation (STI) index, citing
the country’s strength in research and commercialization
of STI ideas (DOST, 2018).

HOPES IN PHILIPPINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY