Department of Civil Engineering Technology

Course: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Code: CM-112

Lecture 03
INSPECTION AND PREVENTION

Instructor: Engr. Tech. Bilal Muhammad Ismail Memon

bilalismail100@gmail.com
 Today’s Topics

• Safety rules and regulations

• Jobsite inspections
• Accident prevention
• Medical and first aid facilities and services
SAFETY RULES AND REGULATIONS
1. Take responsibility
Preventing workplace incidents is Safety is everyone’s job, and your personal
safety is your responsibility.

2. Dressing
 Keeping arms and legs covered, avoiding dangling jewelry or ties, and
wearing closed-toe shoes
 Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)

3. Environment
 Clear away trash, pick up cords and cables, and put office supplies away.
 This will avoid losing things as well as having to bend or stretch
unnecessarily, trying to reach objects that are misplaced or out of reach.
4. Follow the rules
 Workplace safety rules are often developed in response to hazard and risk
assessments.
 To minimize the chances that an employee will be injured while carrying out
assigned tasks.

5. Report workplace accidents

 Always report incidents to your supervisor promptly so that the appropriate
steps can be taken.
 These can include getting care for an injured employee, fixing the problem
that caused the injury, or ensuring regulatory, state or federal reporting
compliance.
6. Know and follow emergency procedures
 All employees are trained in and follow emergency procedures.
 This helps safety coordinators and emergency services get a handle on a
situation and determine the best way to bring it under control.

7. Correct posture
 Musculoskeletal problems caused by poor technique when picking up boxes
or stretching to reach objects is a common cause of workplace injury.
 If you’re not sure how to best lift, bend or stretch at work, ask your
supervisor or company safety officer.
8. Proper handling

 Avoid using items unless you’ve been trained in handling.

 For your safety as well as the safety of those around you.

9. Avoid drugs and alcohol at work

 Not only can drugs and alcohol affect your motor skills, they can also impair
your judgment and ability to communicate.

 Drugs can have a serious effect on ability to handle machinery and tools
safely.
10.Take rest

 To maintain focus and situational safety awareness that contribute to

workplace safety.

 In some places, work breaks may be established according to contract;

in others, it’s on the employees to work out breaks among themselves.

JOBSITE INSPECTIONS
 Every construction project and jobsite must be inspected for hazards and conditions
that could cause injury or illness to workers.

 Inspections are an effective way to determine if safety rules are being followed and
can help in identifying new training needs.

 Safety inspections are the most effective means of identifying hazardous conditions
at the worksite.

 Construction sites require constant monitoring and observations to keep ahead of

safety issues.

 The inspections must be conducted by a competent person.

 CHECKLIST FOR CONSTRUCTION SITE INSPECTION

 Inspections of work progress compliance with plan and specifications

 Inspections of work quality and compliance standards and specifications
 Inspections of paints and coatings
 Site testing and materials sampling of soils, concrete and asphalt, etc.
 Review and completion of variation/s
 Inspections of materials delivered and used
 Performing semi-final and final inspections upon building completion
 Preparation of snag list/s and monitoring of completion works
 Handover inspection for smooth project close out
 TYPES OF INSPECTION

1. Daily Inspections
Equipment operators should perform these inspections at the beginning of shift:
 Forklifts

 Aerial lifts
 Other machinery
 Slings

 Rigging

 Hand and portable power tools

 Personal protective equipment
2. Frequent Inspections
Equipment and areas subject to frequent inspection—typically at least
weekly, or whenever conditions change. It include:
 Electrical power and lockout/tagout procedures
 Fall protection
 Trenches, excavations, and shoring
 Crane and operator certification
 Scaffolds

 Stairways and ladders

3. Monthly Inspections

Some OSHA standards require monthly equipment inspections, included are:

 Fire extinguishers

 Eyewashes and safety showers

 Cranes and hoists

 Emergency escape respirators and self-contained breathing apparatus

 LOSES IN JOBSITE INSPECTION VIOLATIONS

Direct costs
 OSHA penalties can exceed $13,000 per violation
 The fine for a willful or repeated violation can be 10 times as much.

Indirect costs
 Workers’ compensation claims from workers injured from a fall
 Lost productivity during and after an incident
 Legal and compliance fees
 Decreased morale
 Negative publicity and reputational damage
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
 PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION

1. Avoiding risks
2. Evaluating the risks which cannot be avoided
3. Combating the risks at source
This means that risks are controlled by removing the cause rather than providing
special protection.

4. Adapting the work to the individual

Consult those who will be affected when site layouts, construction methods,
safety method statements and safety procedures are designed.
5. Replacing the dangerous by the non-dangerous or the less dangerous
Substituting, for example, equipment or substances with non-hazardous or less
hazardous substances.

6. Collective protective measures priority over individual protective measures

 Priority
to control measures which make the construction workplace safe for
everyone working there
 This is sometimes known as a ‘Safe Place’ approach to controlling risks

7. Developing a coherent overall prevention policy

Health and safety policies should be prepared and applied by reference to these
principles.
HIERARCHY OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION
 1. ELIMINATION OR SUBSTITUTION

 Elimination occurs when a process or activity is totally abandoned because

the associated risk is too high.

 Substitution describes the use of a less hazardous form of the substance.

2. CHANGING WORK METHODS/PATTERNS

 To change the method of working so that risks are reduced.

 Pattern of work can be changed to do things in a more natural way.

 3. HOUSEKEEPING

 Keeping the site and each workplace clean and tidy at all times and

maintaining good storage systems

 The risks most likely to be influenced by good housekeeping are

fall objects, slips, trips and falls and fire.

 4. ENGINEERING CONTROL

 Control of risks by means of engineering design

 There are several ways of achieving such controls:

i. Control the risks at the source

E.g. use of more efficient dust filters or the purchase of less noisy equipment.

ii. Control the risk of exposure by;

 isolating the equipment by the use of an enclosure, a barrier or guard
 insulating any electrical or temperature hazard
 ventilate away any hazardous fumes or gases, either naturally or by use of
local exhaust extraction equipment.
 5. SYSTEMS OF WORK

 It describe the safe method of performing the job activity.

 If the risks involved are high or medium, the details of the system
should be in writing

 Systems for low risk activities may be conveyed verbally.

6. TRAINING AND INFORMATION

Information includes such items as signs, posters, systems of work and

general health and safety arrangements.
 7. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Personal protective equipment (PPE) should only be used as a last resort.

There are many reasons for this. The most important limitations are that
PPE:

 only protects the person wearing the equipment

 must be used properly

 must be replaced when it no longer offers the correct level of

protection.
 8. MONITORING AND SUPERVISION

 Risk controls must be monitored and supervised to ensure that they

have been applied correctly.

 Competent people, who have a sound knowledge of the equipment or

construction process, should undertake monitoring.

FIRST AID FACILITIES
 People at work can suffer injuries or fall ill.

 They receive immediate attention and that an ambulance is called in

serious cases.

 First aid at work covers the arrangements employers must make to

ensure immediate attention.

 It can save lives and prevent minor injuries becoming major ones.
The minimum first-aid provision on any work site is:

 a suitably stocked first-aid box

 an appointed person to take charge of first-aid arrangements

First-aid provision needs to be available at all times people are at work.

First-aid box mostly includes;
 Gloves/Eye Protection
 CPR Pocket Mask
 Tourniquet
 Roller Gauze
 4×4 Gauze Pads
 Medical Tape
 Two Triangular Bandages
 Sam Splint
 Elastic Bandage
 Trauma Shears