Art Appreciation Lesson 1 Merged

Fundamentals
LESSON 1 of Art
PART I
Fundamentals of Art
Lesson 1
Introduction, Assumptions, and Nature of Art
At the end of the lesson, you shall have:
• characterized art expression based on personal experiences with art; and
• discussed the assumptions and nature of art.
When we think of art, we visualize paintings,

skyscrapers, songs, dances, prints, sculptures,
artifacts – basically anything that entails
expression and creativity. In fact, art is
inextricable to human life. It has the power
to bring meaning and purpose to humanity
by serving as a mirror to culture.
History, Nature, and Definition of Art
The word art comes from the Latin 'ars', which originally meant 'skills' and
'crafts' (Khan University, 2017). Thus, we can, therefore, say that art means
'making' or 'creating something. ' Art is also particular in process and
experience. It gives value in its reflective and process-driven capacities.
However, the value of art is not always quantifiable. Art is an extricable part of
our lives that offers connection, insight, and expression. To put it plainly, art
allows people to think more profoundly, strive more passionately, and feel joy
more freely (Mapua University, 2020).
There is no universally accepted definition of art. Although commonly used to

describe something of beauty or a skill that produces an aesthetic result, there
is no clear line between a unique piece of handmade sculpture and a mass-
© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

Fundamentals
LESSON 1 of Art
produced but visually attractive item (Visual Arts Cork, n.d). What may be art
in one community may not be in another.
Artistic creation springs from the formative impulse and craving for emotional
expression. Art aims to represent not the outward appearance of things but
their inward significance (Aristotle as cited in Martinique, 2016).
Assumptions of Art
There are three main assumptions of art, according to Davis (2020):
1. Art is universal – art has always been timeless and universal. It

transcends from generation to generation.
2. Art is not nature – art is an expression and interpretation of how a
person perceives his/her nature.
3. Art involves expression – art is known through experience. A work of
art cannot be abstracted from actual doing. We have to use our senses
fully.
How is Art Appreciation Different from Art History?
While art history analyzes arts' meaning at the time they were created, art
appreciation, on the other hand, is the knowledge and understanding of
the universal and timeless qualities that identify all great art (Roberts,
2012). It is the ability to interpret or understand artificial arts and enjoy them
through actual work and experience with art tools and materials. As further
supported by Ariola (2018), art appreciation deals with learning or
understanding and creating arts, and enjoying them. It goes beyond staring at
a painting hanging on the wall.
It also lets you gain the

knowledge to understand the
art, acquire the art methods
and materials to discuss art
verbally or by the written
word, identify the movements
from ancient cultures to
today's contemporary art, and
understand and evaluate
artwork to improve your
artwork (Mapua University,
2020)

Fundamentals
LESSON 1 of Art
Creativity is also inextricable to art. It activates our originality and identity.

However, it is not about doing something better than others. It is about
thinking, exploring, discovering, and imagining. Thorne in 2007 further
supports by saying that "without creativity, there would be no real innovation;
we need people who are pure idea generators, and we need others who can
modify those ideas."
To cap it off, we can all agree with Alan Pipes in his description of the art:
"Whatever the reasons for creating, art enriches our lives, stimulates
our senses, or simply makes us think. Arts has come to be revered for
their gift of profound insight into the human condition".
References:
Ariola, M. (2018). Art appreciation.

http://mololibrary.jblfmu.edu.ph/ArtAppreciation(byMarianoAriola).pdf
Craven, J. (2018). The 13 best books on skyscrapers.

https://www.thoughtco.com/great-books-for-skyscraper-enthusiasts-
177825
Davis, B. (2020). What are the assumption of arts?

https://www.mvorganizing.org/what-are-the-assumption-of-arts/
Fernando, C. (2021). 12 most notable Philippine folk dances that will get you grooving.
https://www.zenrooms.com/blog/post/philippine-folk-dances/
Fun Guerilla. (n.d). Leonid afremov: One of the most colorful painters ever.
http://funguerilla.com/leonid-afremov-one-of-the-most-colorful-
painters-ever/
Khan University. (2017). What is art history and where is it going?

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/start-here-
apah/intro-art-history-apah/a/what-is-art-history
Lariosa, B. (2017). Art fair Philippines 2017: Lost in appreciation .

https://heraldofilipino.com/art-fair-philippines-2017-lost-appreciation/
Martiniqe, E. (2016). What is art according to famous thinkers through history.

https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/what-is-art
Mapua University. (2020). Art appreciation.

https://mapua.blackboard.com/ultra/courses/_41469_1/cl/outline
Negros Oriental State University. (n.d). Art Appreciation.

https://norsubayawan.com/elearning/enrol/index.php?id=81

Fundamentals
LESSON 1 of Art
Pipes, A. (2004). Foundations of art and design.

https://www.amazon.com/Foundations-Art-Design-Alan-
Pipes/dp/1856693759
Roberts, T. (2012). Art appreciation. https://tom-roberts-artist.weebly.com/art-

appreciation.html
Thorne, T. (2007). Art appreciation. https://www.coursehero.com/file/55116726/art-

app-part-1docx/
Visual Arts Cork. (n.d). Meaning and definition of art. http://www.visual-arts-

cork.com/art-definition.htm

Fundamentals
LESSON 2 of Art
PART I
Fundamentals of Art
Lesson 2
Forms of Art
• identified the different art forms and
• compared different forms of art.
As the expression of human creativity, art can take almost countless forms, such
as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, dance, literature, photography,
digital, graffiti, animation, and video.
In this lesson, we will have the forms of art. You are expected to categorize
works of art by citing personal experiences, identifying the different art forms,
and citing examples of various art forms.
Forms of Art (Mapua University, 2020)
Painting is a form of art creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by using

pigments.
The painting, Fishermen by
Ang Kiukok, a National Artist
and leader of Philippine
figurative expressionism,
combined the struggle and
hope of fishermen working
together for their haul, the
crimson sun hovering above
them, representing perpetual
energy.
Source: Stephanie Jesena (2010)
The sculpture refers to the design and

construction of three-dimensional forms
representing natural objects or imaginary
shapes.
The Oblation (Filipino: Pahinungod, Oblasyon)

is a work of art by Philippine National Artist
Guillermo Tolentino. This concrete statue
serves as the iconic symbol of the University of
the Philippines. It depicts a man facing upward
with arms outstretched, symbolizing a selfless
offering of oneself to his union. Source: http://quezoncity.weebly.com/up-diliman.html

Fundamentals
LESSON 2 of Art
Architecture is a form of art designing and constructing buildings and other

structures.
Source: https://dandcmagazine.com/15-iconic-structures-of-the-philippines/
The Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid is the largest mosque in the Philippines.
It is also known as the Grand Mosque of Cotabato,. It lies in Barangay
Kalanganan II, Cotabato City and was funded by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of
Brunei at a reported cost of US$48 million. It is also the second-largest mosque
in Southeast Asia after the Istiqlal Mosque of Indonesia. The Sultan of Brunei
funded the construction of this mosque with his money to help the emerging
Muslim population in the Southern Philippines. A Christian Architect Felino
Palafox designed the mosque.
Music combines and regulates sounds of varying pitch to produce compositions

expressing various ideas and emotions.
Anak is the most iconic Filipino song of all

time and considered the biggest OPM
international hit. The song was
composed and performed by Freddie
Aguilar. Aguilar is one of the icons in the
OPM industry. Anak became an entry of
the first edition of the Metro Manila Pop
Music Festival in 1978. According to
sources, it landed 6th place. The
popularity of this song reached in many
places around the world and has 27
several international versions, including
English Japanese, Spanish, and Italian. It
Source: Alden Bula (n.d.) also clinched in several European musical
charts. The lyrics speak of Filipino family values. Star Music is the current
copyright owner of the song. It was produced by Celso Llarina of VST & Co.
Tito Sotto was the executive producer for this song and its album of the same
name.
Fundamentals
LESSON 2 of Art
Dance is the most direct of the arts because it uses the human body as its
medium.
Singkil
originated
from the
Maranao
people who
inhabit the
shores of
Lake Lanao.
The dance is
a re-telling
of an
episode
from the
Maranao Source: http://www.traveltrilogy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/maranaos-1
epic legend Darangen involving the rescue of Princess Gandingan (abducted by
diwata) by the legendary Prince Bantugan.
The theater is a drama or play is a story re-created by actors on a stage in

front of an audience. A group of people acts out the plot to get the audience
the idea the author is trying to express.
Ang Huling El
Bimbo is a
story of
friendship told
through the
songs of the
most iconic
Pinoy rock
band from the
’90s. The
musical is
about three
men —
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pd_tFLfqW5Y
Emman, Hector, and AJ are suddenly linked to the death of a woman on the
police’s drug list after she repeatedly calls them days before her death. The
woman turns out to be Joy, the three guys’ friend in college. What ensued is a
flashback of a part of their college days spent with Joy and a massive amount
of her life that remained unknown after the friends lost touch after graduation.
Motion Picture is one popular addition of theatre. These are a series of

pictures projected on a screen in rapid succession with objects shown in
successive positions slightly changed to produce the optical effect of a
continuous picture in which the objects move.

Fundamentals
LESSON 2 of Art
Untrue is played by Cristine Reyes as Mara

and Xian Lim as Joaquim. Both characters
found solace and companionship in each
other who are lonely Filipino migrants in the
country of Georgia. They hastily get married,
without even getting to know each other
very well. When their fiery romance turns
into heated arguments and physical abuse,
Mara goes straight to the Georgian police.
Following her narration of how she married
a mad man, Joachim defends himself with his
version of the events, pointing to his wife as
the real lunatic.
Literature is the art of combining written or

spoken words and their meanings into forms
that have artistic and emotional appeal.
Source: https://qcinema.ph/2019/untrue
Noli Me Tangere tells the story of the young and idealistic Juan Crisostomo
Ibarra who
returns home
after seven
years in Europe.
Like his father
Don Rafael, the
wealthy mestizo
endeavors for
reform primarily
in the area of
education to
improve the lives
of his
countrymenand
to eliminate
poverty. Simoun Source: https://janinekarlablog.wordpress.com/2016/03/06/noli-me-tangere-and-el-filibusterismo-summary-with-a-reflection/
is the hero of El Filibusterismo who is a wealthy jeweler. He was Crisostomo
Ibarra of the Noli. With Elias’ help, he escaped from the soldiers at Laguna de
Bay who were pursuing him, dug up his buried treasure, and fled to Cuba where
he became rich. In Cuba, he befriended many Spanish officials. After many
years he returned to the Philippines, freely moving around. He is an influential
figure because he is a rich jeweler and because he is a good friend and adviser
of the governor-general.

Fundamentals
LESSON 2 of Art
References:
Bula, Alden. (n.d.) Top 10 Most Iconic Filipino Songs of All Time. Retrieved from
https://www.blogph.net/2015/08/top-10-most-iconic-filipino-songs-all-
time.html#:~:text=Anak%20This%20is%20the%20most%20iconic%2
0Filipino%20song,edition%20of%20then%20Metro%20Manila%20Pop
%20Music%20Festival.
Galvez, Janine. (2016, March 6). Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

Summary with a Reflection. Retrieved from
https://janinekarlablog.wordpress.com/2016/03/06/noli-me-tangere-
and-el-filibusterismo-summary-with-a-reflection/ on September 6,
2020.
Gagong Rapper. (2020, August 28). Kabet. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eF4Q8BGRkis on September 6,
2020.
Gole Cruz, Emilson. (2019, June 30). 15 Iconic Structures Of The Philippines.
Retrieved from https://dandcmagazine.com/15-iconic- structures-of-
the-philippines/ on September 6, 2020.
Jesena, Stephanie. (2016, March 4). 10 Things You Should Know About Ang
Kiukok. Retrieved from https://www.spot.ph/arts-culture/65475/10-
things-you-should-know-about-ang-kiukok-a1106-20160304
Mapua University. (2020). Art appreciation. Retrieved from

https://mapua.blackboard.com/ultra/courses/_41469_1/cl/outline on
September 3, 2020.
Miaco, Mimi. (2015, October 7). 10 Filipino Painters Who Rock the Auction
Block. Retrieved from https://www.spot.ph/arts-culture/63814/10-
expensive-filipino-paintings on September 6, 2020.
Mister Y Musicals. (2020, May 15). Alapaap / Overdrive - Ang Huling El Bimbo
Musical - TBL Performance. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pd_tFLfqW5Y on September 6, 2020.
Pilipinas Got Talent. (2018, January 27). Pilipinas Got Talent 2018 Auditions:
Salimpokaw Ko Masa Dance Troupe - Singkil Dance. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qd10b564whs on Septembr 6, 2020.
UP Diliman. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://quezoncity.weebly.com/up-

diliman.html on September 6, 2020.
Viva Films. (2020, January 20). Untrue Official Trailer. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nnw-hSYGwY on September 6,
2020.

Fundamentals
LESSON 2 of Art

Fundamentals
LESSON 3 of Art
PART I
Fundamentals of Art
Lesson 3
Functions of Art
• identified the different art forms and
• compared different forms of art.
In this lesson, we will have the functions of art. You are expected to determine
the difference between directly functional and indirectly functional art and
describe the different functions of art.
Art is generally classified as to the purpose and aesthetic values. Purpose value
means its utilitarian purpose or practical use for daily living. Aesthetic value
means the beauty it presents to the audience.
If the value is focused on its use, it is functional art. Functional art means an
object that man could commonly use but at the same time exhibits aesthetic
purposes.
The Grand
Mosque in
Cotabato is
mesmerizing
onlookers and
mosque-goers.
Still, more than
its beauty, its
value is
concentrated in
drawing people
and valuing it as Source: https://dandcmagazine.com/15-iconic-structures-of-the-philippines/
a dwelling place for religious activities for our Muslim brothers and sisters.
Also, interior designers or

house owners buy fixtures
to give the beauty of the
house. However, the
beauty is overridden by
the purpose and the glory
it brings when its purpose
as a dining place is
served.
Source: https://wallpaperfx.com/other/miscellaneous/modern-dining-area-wallpaper-14113.htm

Fundamentals
LESSON 3 of Art
The second classification of

art is indirectly
functional art, focusing
on its aesthetic value. This
refers to the arts that are
‘perceived through the
senses’ such as fine arts,
painting, sculpture, dance,
literature, theatrical
performances, music, and
the like.
An example of indirectly Source: https://www.spot.ph/arts-culture/63814/10-expensive-filipino-paintings
functional art is Ang

Kiukok’s Fishermen. The
audience will be amazed
how the piece is made and
its beauty. But, it could
never be used to teach how
fishers fish.
Another example is
Guillermo Tolentino’s The
Oblation. It symbolizes the
University of the Philippines
System. Jose Rizal’s statue
in public parks, our
Philippine Flag, ABS-CBN’s
logo, and CSU’s official seal
provide a direct association
to an institution or an entity
to honor their excellence, Source: http://quezoncity.weebly.com/up-diliman.html
people, or cause s.
Which of these is functional art or indirectly functional art?
a ring light the movie Mulan a Louis Vuitton bag

Fundamentals
LESSON 3 of Art
Because art exudes purpose and aesthetic values, it projects a function—an art
functions for personal, social, and physical uses.
Art has a personal function. Art is a vehicle for the artists’ expression of their
feelings and ideas. Art also serves as means of expression for people. Works of
art gives awareness of other ways of feeling, thinking, and imagining that have
occurred to us before. The therapeutic value of music cannot be ignored.
Art has a social function, and one cannot visualize of a society without art,
for art is closely related to every aspect of social life.
Art performs a social function when it influences social behavior. It seeks or

tends to affect the collective behavior of a people. Art performs a social function
when it displays and celebrated, and it is created to be seen or used primarily
in a public situation. The commemoration of essential personages in society is
one function of sculpture and painting. The commissioned paintings of leaders
or rulers and statues of national heroes that grace our parks and plazas are
commemorative works and. These serve to reveal the ideals of heroism and
leadership and record important historical events or that the community would
want the young to emulate.
Art performs a social function when it becomes a social description, and it

expresses or describes social or collective aspects of existence instead of
individual and personal kinds of experiences.
And art has a physical function. Works of art become objects which function
to make our lives physically comfortable. Functional works of art may be a tool
or a container.
Identify the functions of the following artworks.

Art Functions for Art
a painting of children at play
window chimes
sculpture of Malakas and Maganda
rattan chair
woven blanket
References:
Allenchey, Alex. (2013, April 11). What is functional art? (or, why is that switchblade
on a pedestal?). Retrieved from
https://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/art_market/functional_art-51024
on September 6, 2020.
Dela Cruz, Dennis Mark. (2014). Functions of art. Retrieved from

https://www.slideshare.net/dennismarkdelacruz/functions-of-art on
September 6, 2020.

Fundamentals
LESSON 3 of Art
Gole Cruz, Emilson. (2019, June 30). 15 Iconic Structures Of The Philippines. Retrieved
from https://dandcmagazine.com/15-iconic- structures-of-the-
Philippines/ on September 6, 2020.
IMDB. (2020). Mulan. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4566758/ on

September 6, 2020.
Mapua University. (2020). Art appreciation. Retrieved from

https://mapua.blackboard.com/ultra/courses/_41469_1/cl/outline on
September 3, 2020.
Miaco, Mimi. (2015, October 7). 10 Filipino Painters Who Rock the Auction Block.
Retrieved from https://www.spot.ph/arts-culture/63814/10- expensive-filipino-
paintings on September 6, 2020.
UP Diliman. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://quezoncity.weebly.com/up-diliman.html on

September 6, 2020.

Fundamentals
LESSON 4 of Art
PART I
Fundamentals of Art
Lesson 4
Subject and Content in Art
• described sources and kinds of subjects in art,
• classified artworks according to subject; and
• differentiated content from subject
Art is a liberating passion of society. It allows artists to express whatever they

want to convey. This is reflected in the artists' freedom on their arts' subject
and content. Both are entirely up to the artists. They decide no matter others
understand the message or otherwise, artists have it in them whether to
disclose the meaning of their art (Lumen Learning, n.d.).
Subject is the visual focus or the image that may be extracted from examining
the artwork or 'the what' in art (Ocvirk, et al., n.d). It is composed of two
types; Representational and Non-representational art.
Representational Art refers to objects or events occurring in the real world.

This is also termed as figurative art because the figures depicted are easy to
make out and decipher. This is also termed as figurative art because the figures
depicted are easy to make out and decipher (Caslib, Garing, & Casaul, 2018).
The ever famous painting Mona

Lisa by Leonardo de Vinci in 1503
is a great example of
representational art. Despite not
knowing who Mona Lisa is, it is
clear that the painting is of a
woman that is realistically-
proportioned (Snow, 2019).
Non-Representational Art,
however, is an art form that does not
make a reference to the real world,
whether it is a person, place, thing, or
even a particular event. It is stripped
down to visual elements, such as
shapes, lines, and colors that are
employed to translate a particular
Abstract painting of Jackson Pollock which is feeling, emotion, and even concept
Number 1A in year 1948. (Caslib, Garing, & Casaul, 2018).
Fundamentals
LESSON 4 of Art
Aside from types, art also has different kinds of subjects. Some of which are
the following:
Still life- a compilation of inanimate

objects arranged together in a
specific way (McArdle, 2021).
Yellow-Orange - 5" x 7" Acrylic on Wood Panel

Source: Thaneeya.com
History- It is the depiction of factual
events that occurred in the past
whose purpose is either to remember
important events of long ago or to
teach the learners about the lessons
of the past (Manalo, 2021).
The Making of the Philippine Flag by Fernando Amorsolo

Source: pinterest.com (google images)
Religion- It was also established
that art is considered the handmaid
of religion (Manalo, 2021).
The Hand of God by Auguste Rodin

source:bycommonconsent.com (google images)
Mythology. These are sources of
subjects that come from the stories
of gods and goddesses of Ancient
Greece, Rome, Norse, and Egyptians.
These so-called deities of the
mythological world depict present
humanlike behaviors (Manalo, 2021).
Fundamentals
LESSON 4 of Art
Medusa by Luciano Garbati source: qz.com

Dreams and Fantasy. The wonder
of the unconscious is what is being
expressed by artworks under dreams
and fantasy. These works of art
somehow explain to the viewers the
content of the art piece, including the
hidden meaning behind each work
(Manalo, 2021).
Artworks by Josephine Wall and Barbara Devlin

source:pinterest.com (google images)
Landscape- natural scenery such as
mountains, cliffs, rivers, etc.
(McArdle, 2021).
Fields of Gold - 15" x 19" - Pastel on Paper

Nature - a concentrated view or

interpretation of specific natural
elements (McArdle, 2021).
Source:princetonbar.com(google images)

Fundamentals
LESSON 4 of Art
Portraiture - an image of a specific

person or animal, or group thereof
(McArdle, 2021).
2.5 acre portrait of Barack Obama by Cuban-American

artist, Jorge Rodriguez-Gerada.
Abstract- a non-representational
work of art. Abstract art is like visual
poetry, it uses color, shape, line,
form, pattern, and texture to create a
visual dance of the spirit (McArdle,
2021).
Moreover, Content in art is the meaning or message that is expressed or

communicated by the artist or the artwork (Lumen Learning, n.d.). If subject
answers the question 'what', content answers the question 'why'. This is
because it carries the intention and sense of the artist.
In delving the content of art, it is significant to note that there are various levels
of meaning emanated by the artist, according to Caslib, Garing, & Casaul
(2018).
1. Factual Meaning is the most rudimentary level of meaning. It may be

obtained from the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork and
understanding how these elements relate to one another .
2. Conventional meaning concerns to the acknowledged interpretation

of the artwork using motifs, signs, symbols, and other ciphers as bases
of its meaning.
Fundamentals
LESSON 4 of Art
3. Subjective meaning- these meanings stem from the viewer's or

audience's circumstances that come into play when engaging with art
(what we know, what we learned, what we experienced, what values we
stand for).
References:
Caslib Jr., B., Garing, D., & Casaul, J. A. (2018). Art Appreciation. Manila: REX
Printing Company Inc.
Lumen Learning (n.d.) Art appreciation.

https://s3.amazonaws.com/lumenlearning/success/Master+PDFs/ArtAp
preciation_5-10-17.pdf
Manalo, J. (2021). Art appreciation module.

https://www.scribd.com/document/515837996/Art-Appreciation-
Module
McArdle, T. (2021). Explore subjects in art. Thaneeya LCC. https://www.art-is-

fun.com/subjects-in-art
Ocvirk, et al. (n.d). Art fundamentals: theory and practice (12th ed.).
https://personal.utdallas.edu/~mel024000/pages/2D_Design/Compone
nts_of_Art/Components_of_Art.html
Snow, J. (2019). Representational art.

https://www.ballandjacksdesigns.com/blog-1/tag/representational+art

Caraga state university
Ampayon, Butuan City 8600, Philippines
URL: www.carsu.edu.ph
Elements of Art
Ms. Janine S. Gelaga
1
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you shall be able to;
a. Identify the different elements of art;

b. Define each element of art; and
c. Appreciate the relevance of each element.
Elements of Art
These are the building blocks

or the ingredients of art.
Elements of Art
Line- a mark on a surface with length and

direction created by a tool (pencil, pen,
brush)
Elements of Art
Line
Trees and Snow by Pablo Picasso in

by Ansel Adams in 1933
Elements of Art
Color- consists of
hue (another term for color)
intensity (brightness)
value (lightness or darkness)
Elements of Art
Color
Girl Before A Mirror Yellow-Red-Blue

by Pablo Picasso in 1932 by Wassily Kadinsky in 1925
Elements of Art
Space- distance or area between,

around, above, below, or within things.
Positive: The object

Negative:The space around
the object
Le Fluers
by Robert Mapplethorpe
Elements of Art
Space
Foreground
Middle Ground
Background
(creates depth)
by Claude Monet
Elements of Art
Texture- surface quality or "feel" of an

object, its smoothness, roughness, softness,
etc. Textures may be actual or implied.
Elements of Art
Texture
Actual/Real Implied
By Paula Nizamas Starry Night

By Van Gogh
THANK YOU!
LESSON 6 Artist and Artisan
PART III
Understanding Art as a Process
And Human Enterprise
Lesson 6
Artist and Artisan
• differentiated artist and artisan; and
• distinguished an artist’s or artisan’s medium and technique.
In the art world, artists and artisans made creative and magnificent artworks
seen by people for their delight and deep appreciation. They provided
significant roles in the art arena. They are passionate with their craft and create
arts with natural beauty. They become legends on their own making after
trying other vocations, and pull back to become masters of their craft. Honed
by years of experience, they become essentially skilled and talented workers
who make beautiful things with their artistic minds and hands. Their inventive,
artistic, unique, and authentic arts are valuable to human progress,
preservation of culture and historical origins of a given human civilization.
In this lesson, we will know about artist and artisan, and you are expected to
know the difference of the two art workers, distinguished medium and
technique used by them in art production process, and discussed stakeholders
in managing an art work.
Who is an artist?
In visual arts, the artist expresses his or her

feelings, emotions and perceptions of the
world through various elements or materials.
The artist’s work is manifested through
painting, drawing, sculpture, photography,
performance art, body art, textile arts,
multimedia, video art, web art and design,
digital art, and other artistic designs (Bascara
and Avillanoza, 2006). These are mainly
judged by the sense of sight. They create art
for society’s satisfaction, social restrictions and
Source: Mittler (2006) or just for the pleasure of creating it. The art
made could create a change in society for it
appeals to all senses of people.
© 2021 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation) 29

Who is an artisan?
Artisan is a skilled worker who make things
by hand. The objects made by the artisan ranges
from furniture to jewelry. An artisan is able to produce
something that has functional value and decorative
value (Zulueta, 2006). Sometimes, he/she works
individually and has attachment to his/her craft. This
is why most handmade objects are much more
expensive for aesthetic value is embedded.
Source: Sturgis (2013)
Artists and Artisans: their difference

There are times that the words artist and artisan become confusing to
some people. To differentiate the two experts in art world, an artist is the
person who do creative arts ranging from painting to music. While an artisan is
a skilled worker who created arts like furniture, textile, sculpture by hand. Their
descriptions can be rather being confusing for both involve in creation of
something (Tavkhelidge, 2016). The strategic difference is that the product of
an artisan has practical value, while the artist’s output is more on expression of
the beauty of art.
Artists and artisans articulate a vision through their art or craft. Fine
artists work with paint, watercolor, pen and ink, or illustrations, while artisans
craft work like jewelry, glasswork, pottery or other functional products (Sturgis,
2013). Artists focus on creating aesthetically pleasing works, while artisans'
work focuses on accessorizing and functionality more than aesthetics. The work
of artists tends to be shown in museums or galleries, while artisans sell their
crafts at fairs and shops.
Production Process, Medium and techniques of Art making
Artists and artisans communicate with viewers through the materials,
tools and techniques. They speak with paint, others with marble, hand-blown
glass, and stone. Different media or materials are used appropriately in the
production process to translate those to have functional value and be a
beautiful piece of art.
Production Process of Art

It is considered as an artistic undertaking where the end product of art
and craft is not the main focus but the process of making it. That is carefully
planned and plotted to arrive at the desirable artistic beauty and the artist and
artisan ideas, designs, and feelings are materialized. For example, a musical
performance, it can be the process of bringing a song with lyrics to stage
(Botella et al, 2018). Another example is the wood or marble. It is carefully
carved to form an image. It is a process wherein a medium is carefully designed
to transform the artist or artisan’s idea to a unique form of art (Sturgis, 2013).

Medium used
Medium is the material used by the artist in creating his art work. It
denotes the means by which an artist communicates and translates his/her
ideas or feelings into beautiful reality. When the artist chooses his/her medium,
he/she believes and aspires for that this is easy to use, provide quality, and can
best convey his/her ideas and feelings (Bascara and Avillanoza, 2006).
In art making, artist and artisan communicate with viewers through
the medium in the production process to materialize their concept. In painting,
a painter uses watercolor, oil, or crayon. In sculpture, a sculptor uses stone,
wood, or steel. In music, a musician uses melody and lyrics. Likewise, other
forms of art have their media ready for the production process in making an
art (Sturgis, (2013). Mittler (2006) presented different art forms and their
media used:
Forms of Art Media used

Painting Oil, pastel, fresco, crayon, tempera, water color
Sculpture Stone, cement, steel, wood, brass
Music Melody and lyrics, musical instruments, human voice
Dance Body language, sound, song
Theatre performers, music scoring lights, script, stage,
Cinema Film and other equipment
Literature Language, dialect, pen, paper, computer
Digital Arts Software, computer
Different Techniques
The transformation of their ideas is being shaped the use of appropriate
techniques in creating an art. It is the creative process in a succession of
thoughts and actions leading to original and appropriate productions (Botella
et al, 2018). The ability of the artist and artisans to fulfill their art works is
dependent to what techniques they are using. Technique is the method, a
process, or a means of using the medium in a manner that an artist or an
artisan wishes to finish an art work. It is the ability to fulfill the technical
requirements of an artist’s art, and manipulates the medium to express his/her
ideas (Sturgis, 2013). Artists differ from the use of technique even if he/she
uses same medium. A musician has the unique technique to make music sound
the way he/he wants it to be. The sculptor has the technique in handling chisel
and hammer to produce the desired effect. A painter may have fine technique
in water color or in oil use. According to Mittler (2006), there are some
techniques an artist and artisan used:
Painting
It is one of the oldest technique and most
important of the visual arts. An artist creates
a painting through pastel, oil, pastel, water
color and arrange the art elements on a flat
surface in ways that are sometimes visually
Source: Mittler (2006)
appealing, sometimes shocking or thought-
provoking.
Blowing
It is a technique in producing a figure with an
interesting design through blowing an air into
a molten glass bubble or uses straw to blow
liquid paint around on paper.
Source: Homeanddecore.com
Etching
It is a technique in printmaking process which lines
or areas are engraved using acid into a polished
metal plate in order to hold the ink.
Source: Mittler (2006)
Tinkering
It is an artistic technique of making some changes
in something, often to improve or repair it. It is a
hands-on activity, trial and error-based process
that rewards resourcefulness, creativity and
persistence.
Source: (Mittler (2006)
Splattering
This technique involves wild style and irrelevant
way of painting. It is made by pouring, splashes,
splatters or flicking paint from a loaded brush in a
canvas on the ground Source: Mittler (2006)

Throwing
Throwing is a popular technique in painting and
making pottery. In making a pot, a clay is formed
by hand on a potter’s wheel. In painting, the artist
throws the desire paint color at the canvas to form
an abstract image.
Source: govst.edu
Coloring
It is painting method wherein paints are made through
watercolors, colored pencils, or crayons as medium to
create a colorful and meaningful design.
Source: Sturgis (2013)
Cutting
Cutting is a fabulous technique in wood carving
and paper cutting to create well-designed images
Source: awesomebyte..com
Both artist and artisan require technical knowledge, competence, and

creativity that comes apparently in the technique of art making to create a soul-
enriching work of art and preservation of culture. At that, they really work
hard for the sake of art and deserved accolade from us.
References:
Bascara, Linda and Avillanoza, Adela (2006). Humanities and the Digital Arts
with Emphasis on Arts in the Philippine Setting. 1st Ed. Rex Bookstore
Inc. Manila Philiipines.
Botella, M. Zenasni, F., and Lubart T. (2018). What are the Stages of the
Creative Process? What Visual Art Student Are Saying . Frontiers in
Psychology Journal. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02266.
Mittler, G. (2006). Art in Focus. E-Book. The McGraw-Hill Companies.
https://www.pusd.us/cms/lib/CA01901115/Centricity/Domain/2467/Ar
t%20in%20Focus.pdf.
Sturgis, R. (2013). The Artist’s Way of Working in the Various Handicrafts and
Arts of Design.E-Book.Vol.1. https://books.googleusAql29bCBe2gBXI.
Tavkhelidge, T. (2016). The role of Arts Management in Modern World , Grigol
Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia. European Scientific Journal.
8622-Article Text-24952-1-10-20170104.pdf.
Zulueta, Francisco (2006). The Humanities (Revised Edition). National
Bookstore. Mandaluyong City.

INCLASS TASK
Personality Sketch Vlog
Instructions: Group yourselves into five (5). Find a work of art from a local
artist or artisan in the Caraga Region and answer the following questions below.
Second, understand the artist or artisans’ personality in doing such artwork and
introduce it. Lastly, consolidate everything in a 3-5 minute vlog. The artwork
can be from any culture or period.
Guide Questions for Vlog:

1. Provide the name of the work of art, the date, and who made it. Make sure
your source has all of this information.
2. What medium was used (painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture,
photograph or digital image, video, installation, or performance)?
3. Give a short description of the artwork:
Is it realistic, abstract, or non-objective?

What technique was used, and how was it produced?
What does it depict?
What artistic role does it play?
What personality of an artist or artisan did you see in that work of art?
4. Make a script and use it for your vlog.
Vlog Rubric
Excellent Good (4pts) Satisfactory Needs
(5pts) (3pts) Improvement
(1-2pts)
Concept The video clearly The video The video The video does
demonstrates a demonstrates key demonstrates a not demonstrate a
key concept. concepts previous clear concept.
concept.
Design The quality and The quality and The quality and The quality and
materials in the materials in the materials in the materials in the
video are very video adequately video lacked video are not
well organized organized and some organized and lack
and somewhat clear. organization clarity.
understandable. and 50% clear.
Participa All members The majority of Half of the Only one person
tion demonstrate an the members group did most demonstrated an
active role in the demonstrate an of the work. active role.
process. active role.
Final Final product Final product Final product Final product looks
Product looks looks decent and required more unrefined and the
professional and the concepts revisions and concepts were not
the concepts were somewhat the concepts demonstrated.
were visibly demonstrated. were not
demonstrated. clearly
demonstrated.


LESSON 7 Art History
PART III
Exploring Historical and Philosophical
Underpinnings of Art – Art History
Lesson 7
Art History
• traced the history and movements of art through a timeline
• classified the various art movements and their characteristics by creating
an infographics.
An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or

goal, followed by a group of artists during a specific period of time. Art movements were
especially important in modern art, when each consecutive movement was considered as
a new “avant – garde”,a French word which means works that are experimental, radical
or unorthodox, with respect to art, culture or society (Karmel, 2003).
According to theories associated with modernism and the concept of postmodernism, art
movements are especially important during the period of time corresponding to modern
art. The period of time called "modern art" is posited to have changed approximately
halfway through the 20th century and art made afterward is generally
called contemporary art. During the period of time corresponding to "modern art" each
consecutive movement was often considered a new avant-garde. Also during the period
of time referred to as "modern art" each movement was seen corresponding to a
somewhat grandiose rethinking of all that came before it, concerning the visual arts
(Jencks and Everdell, 1997).
Postmodernist theorists posit that the ideas of art movements are no longer as applicable,
or no longer as discernible, as the notion of art movements had been before the
postmodern era. The term refers to tendencies in visual art, novel ideas and architecture,
and sometimes literature. In music it is more common to speak
about genres and styles instead (Desmond, 2011).
Now, there are top twenty-six (26) art movements and styles throughout history
according to magazine.artland.com, and these are:
1. Abstract expressionism, which encompasses a wide variety of American 20 th
century art movements, depicting large abstract painted canvasses;
© 2022 Caraga State ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

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Abstract Expressionism
Courtesy: worksofart.co.za
2. Art Nouveau, a decorative style that flourished between 1890 and 1910
throughout Europe and the US;

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Courtesy: https://artincontext.org/art-periods/
Art Nouveau
3. Emerging in France before the First World War, Art Deco exploded in 1925 on the
occasion of the Exposition des Arts Décoratifs (Exhibition of Decorative Arts).
Blurring the line between different mediums and fields, from architecture and
furniture to clothing and jewelry, Art Deco merged modern aesthetic with skillful
craftsmanship, advanced technology, and elegant materials.
Courtesy: https://creativemarket.com/blog/art-deco-design-style-examples

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4. Avant-garde, innovative or experimental concepts in the realms of culture, politics

and art;
Avant-garde
5. Baroque, an art and architecture developed in Europe from the early 17 th to mid-
18th century;
Baroque
6. Classism, embodied in the styles, theories, or philosophies of the different types

of art from ancient Greece and Rome, concentrating on traditional forms with a
focus on elegance and symmetry;
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Classism
7. Conceptual art, arose during 1960s, emphasizing ideas and theoretical practices
rather than the creation of visual forms;
Conceptual art
8. Constructivism, developed by the Russian avant-garde around 1915, a branch of

abstract art, rejecting the idea of “art for art’s sake” in favor of art as a practice
directed towards social purposes;

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Constructivism
9. Cubism, An artistic movement begun in 1907 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges
Braque who developed a visual language whose geometric planes challenged the
conventions of representation in different types of art;
Cubism Courtesy: https://artincontext.org/art-

periods/

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10. Dada/Dadaism, An artistic and literary movement in art formed during the First
World War as a negative response to the traditional social values and conventional
artistic practices of the different types of art at the time;
Dada/Dadaism
11. Expressionism, an international artistic movement in art, architecture, literature,

and performance that flourished between 1905 and 1920, especially in Germany
and Austria, that sought to express the meaning of emotional experience rather
than physical reality;
Expressionism

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12. Fauvism, associated especially with Henri Matisse and André Derain, whose works
are characterized by strong, vibrant color and bold brushstrokes over realistic or
representational qualities;
Fauvism
13. Futurism, an Italian development in abstract art and literature, founded in 1909
by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, aiming to capture the dynamism, speed and energy
of the modern mechanical world.

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https://www.britannica.com/list/10-modernist-art-movements
Futurism
14. Impressionism, associated especially with French artists such as Claude Monet,
Pierre Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro and Alfred Sisley, who attempted to
accurately and objectively record visual ‘impressions’ by using small, thin, visible
brushstrokes that coalesce to form a single scene and emphasize movement and
the changing qualities of light;

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View of Vetheuil sur Seine (1880) by Claude Monet; Claude Monet, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Impressionism
15. Installation art, movement in art, developed at the same time as pop art in the
late 1950s, which is characterized by large-scale, mixed-media constructions, often
designed for a specific place or for a temporary period of time;
Installation art
16. Land art/ Earth art, Land art, also known as Earth art, Environmental art and
Earthworks, is a simple art movement that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s,
characterized by works made directly in the landscape, sculpting the land itself
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into earthworks or making structures in the landscape using natural materials such
as rocks or twigs;
Land art/ Earth art

17. Minimalism, art movements from the 1960s, and typified by works composed of
simple art, such as geometric shapes devoid of representational content;

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Minimalism
18. Neo-Impressionism, an avant-garde art movement that flourished principally in

France from 1886 to 1906, renounced the spontaneity of Impressionism in favor
of a measured and systematic painting technique grounded in science and the
study of optics;
Neo-Impressionism
19. Neoclassicism, almost the opposite of pop art, drawing inspiration from the
classical art and culture of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, which is not
uncommon for art movements;

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Neoclassicism
20. Performance art, emerged in the 1960s to describe different types of art that are
created through actions performed by the artist or other participants, which may
be live or recorded, spontaneous or scripted;
Performance art

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21. Pointillism, a technique of painting developed by French painters Georges-Pierre

Seurat and Paul Signac, it is characterized by works made of countless tiny dots
of pure color applied in patterns to form an image;
Pointillism
22. Pop art, an art movement emerged in the 1950s, composed of British and
American artists who draw inspiration from ‘popular’ imagery and products from
popular and commercial culture, as opposed to ‘elitist’ fine art;

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Pop art
23. Post-Impressionism, a term coined in 1910 by the English art critic and painter
Roger Fry to describe the reaction against the naturalistic depiction of light and
color in different types of art movements like Impressionism;

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A Sunday on La Grande Jatte—1884, oil on canvas by Georges Seurat, 1884–86; in the Art
Institute of Chicago. The Art Institute of Chicago, Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection,
reference no. 1926.224 (CC0)
Courtesy:https://www.britannica.com/list/10-modernist-art-movements

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Post-Impressionism
24. Realism a reaction to Romanticism. In contrast to the beautiful and deeply

emotional content of Romantic paintings, Realist artists presented both the good
and beautiful, the ugly and evil. The reality of the world is presented in an
unembellished way by Realist painters.
Realism
25. Rococo, a movement in art, particularly in architecture and decorative art, that
originated in France in the early 1700s, Characteristically, it consists of elaborate
ornamentation and a light, sensuous style, including scroll work, foliage, and
animal forms;

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Rococo
26. Surrealism, founded by the poet André Breton in Paris in 1924, its main goal of
Surrealism painting and Surrealism artworks was to liberate thought, language,
and human experience from the oppressive boundaries of rationalism by
championing the irrational, the poetic and the revolutionary; and,

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Surrealism
27. Suprematism, a relatively unknown member of the different types of abstract art
movements, outside of the art world, a term coined by Russian artist Kazimir
Malevich in 1915 to describe an abstract style of painting that conforms to his
belief that art expressed in the simplest geometric forms and dynamic
compositions was superior to earlier forms of representational art.

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Suprematism
References
Art Periods – A Detailed Look at the Art History Timeline by artincontext (2021
September 15 https://artincontext.org/art-periods/
Art in Context (2021) https://artincontext.org/
Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/
The Most Famous Art Movements and Styles – Learning by Art Editors (2021)
https://magazine.artland.com/art-movements-and-styles/
Top 25 Art Movements and Styles Throughout History (2020, September 26)
https://worksofart.co.za/2020/09/26/top-25-art-movements-and-styles -throughout-
history/
Hospers, John Philosophy of Art (2021) https://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy-

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of-art
10 Modernist Art Movements (2021) https://www.britannica.com/list/10-modernist-art-movements
Schenker, Marc. Art Deco Design: History and Inspiring Examples (2021, September 2)
https://creativemarket.com/blog/art-deco-design-style-examples

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Fundamentals

When we think of art, we visualize paintings,

History, Nature, and Definition of Art

There is no universally accepted definition of art. Although commonly used to

© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

There are three main assumptions of art, according to Davis (2020):

1. Art is universal – art has always been timeless and universal. It

How is Art Appreciation Different from Art History?

It also lets you gain the

© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

Creativity is also inextricable to art. It activates our originality and identity.

Ariola, M. (2018). Art appreciation.

Craven, J. (2018). The 13 best books on skyscrapers.

Davis, B. (2020). What are the assumption of arts?

Khan University. (2017). What is art history and where is it going?

Lariosa, B. (2017). Art fair Philippines 2017: Lost in appreciation .

Martiniqe, E. (2016). What is art according to famous thinkers through history.

Mapua University. (2020). Art appreciation.

Negros Oriental State University. (n.d). Art Appreciation.

© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

Pipes, A. (2004). Foundations of art and design.

Roberts, T. (2012). Art appreciation. https://tom-roberts-artist.weebly.com/art-

Thorne, T. (2007). Art appreciation. https://www.coursehero.com/file/55116726/art-

Visual Arts Cork. (n.d). Meaning and definition of art. http://www.visual-arts-

© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

Forms of Art (Mapua University, 2020)

Painting is a form of art creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by using

Source: Stephanie Jesena (2010)

The sculpture refers to the design and

The Oblation (Filipino: Pahinungod, Oblasyon)

© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

Architecture is a form of art designing and constructing buildings and other

Music combines and regulates sounds of varying pitch to produce compositions

Anak is the most iconic Filipino song of all

The theater is a drama or play is a story re-created by actors on a stage in

Motion Picture is one popular addition of theatre. These are a series of

© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

Untrue is played by Cristine Reyes as Mara

Literature is the art of combining written or

© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

Galvez, Janine. (2016, March 6). Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

Gagong Rapper. (2020, August 28). Kabet. Retrieved from

Mapua University. (2020). Art appreciation. Retrieved from

UP Diliman. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://quezoncity.weebly.com/up-

© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

Also, interior designers or

© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

The second classification of

An example of indirectly Source: https://www.spot.ph/arts-culture/63814/10-expensive-filipino-paintings

functional art is Ang

Which of these is functional art or indirectly functional art?

a ring light the movie Mulan a Louis Vuitton bag

© 2022 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation)

Art performs a social function when it influences social behavior. It seeks or

Art performs a social function when it becomes a social description, and it

Identify the functions of the following artworks.