Throughout Indian history, religious texts, epics, and myths have played a significant role in

shaping cultural norms and values surrounding marriage by numerous stories and descriptions
of marital relationships, which serve as models for ideal behavior and familial harmony. These
religious narratives present various archetypes of marital relationships, including divine couples
such as Shiva-Parvati (Uma-Maheshwar), Vishnu-Lakshmi (Lakshmi-Narayan), Sita-Ram.

In Hindu philosophy, the divine couple represents the reconciliation of opposites—masculine

and feminine energies, creation and destruction, stability and change. Through their divine
union, these couples exemplify the synthesis of diverse qualities and virtues. For example-
Lakshmi symbolizes abundance, grace, and auspiciousness, while Vishnu represents
preservation, righteousness, and divine order. Together, Lakshmi and Narayana exemplify the
ideal of marital harmony, prosperity, and divine blessings. The divine couple of Lakshmi and
Narayana symbolizes the nurturing and sustenance of the cosmic order (dharma) through
righteous action and virtuous living. Their relationship reflects the importance of ethical conduct,
generosity, and compassion in maintaining harmony and prosperity within society.

These divine pairs embody virtues such as love, devotion, fidelity, and mutual respect, which
are upheld as ideals within Indian society. The stories of these divine couples serve not only as
religious myths but also act as a transformative power that shapes individual consciousness and
societal attitude towards marriage and family life.

Marriage rituals frequently include symbols and practices aimed at invoking divine blessings
which sanctify the bond between the couple, offering them moral and spiritual guidance.

We can also note that there is an interplay between religious narratives and social practices
concerning marriage where religious beliefs may both reinforce and challenge existing societal
norms. For instance- Portrayal of Lakshmi in service of Narayan reflects social expectations and
norms regarding gender roles within Indian Society. On the other hand we can see how Parvati
asserts her agency and demonstrate courage and perseverance in her quest for union with
Shiva, going against all social norms of that time.

The divine union of Shiva and Parvati (Kalyan Sundara) underscores the importance of
companionship and partnership in the society as well as in the spiritual journey. It challenges
the dichotomy between renunciation and worldly engagement, offering a holistic vision of
spiritual life that encompasses all aspects of life (Brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vanaprastha, and
Sannyasa).