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CH 10 - COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER
CH 10 - COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER
CH 10 - COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER
Major components
Screen inlet
Intake pipe
Intake sump
Suction pipe
Pumps
Gate and foot valves
access
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
By Zerihun Alemayehu
Intake Structures
1209.1-1202.5=6.6 m
1.5 m
Gate valve
Butterfly valve
• Check valves:
▫ semiautomatic device and
permits water flow only in one
direction.
▫ in the discharge pipes of
centrifugal pumps→ prevent
backflow
▫ in conjunction with altitude
valves
• Altitude valves :
▫ to automatically control the
flow into and out of an
elevated storage tank or
standpipe to maintain desired
water level elevations.
▫ include double-acting
sequence valve, single-acting
type, or differential altitude
valve
▫ Gravitational system,
▫ Pumping without storage, and
▫ Pumping with storage.
min.
demand
max.
Reservoir demand
City
Pump head
HGL demand
max.
demand
City
Pump
Reservoir
Pump
City Elevated Tank
Reservoir
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
By Zerihun Alemayehu
Pipeline layout options
AAiT
Layout of distribution systems
• Gridiron systems
▫ Discharge, friction loss and pipe
size is less
▫ Not problematic if a pipe is
damaged
▫ No dead ends →allows circulation
of water
▫ Good for fire fighting
▫ more pipelines and shut-off
valves
▫ high cost of construction
▫ design is difficult and expensive
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
By Zerihun Alemayehu
Layout of distribution systems
• Ring systems: Main Pipe
▫ closed ring, circular or rectangular
▫ suitable for well-planned towns
and cities
▫ Generally at high demand areas
▫ Not problematic if a pipe is Sub mains
damaged
▫ No dead ends →allows circulation
of water
▫ Good for fire fighting
▫ more pipelines and shut-off valves
▫ high cost of construction
▫ design is difficult and expensive Fig. : Ring System
AAiT
Layout of distribution systems
• Radial systems
▫ For city or a town having a
system of radial roads MAIN PIPE
AAiT
Purpose Distribution reservoirs
• Equalizing supply and demand
• Increasing operating convenience
• Leveling out pumping requirements
• Providing water during source or pump failure
• Maintaining pressure levels within acceptable ranges
• Providing water to meet fire demands
• Increase detention times
• Blending water sources
200
100
Demand as % of total
6.7 9.2 20.8 28.3 25 10
daily demand
515 × 6.7
= 34.51 𝑚3
100
Pumping rate m3 0 171.67 171.67 171.67 0 0 515
Excess m3 124.29 64.55 25.92 0 0 214.76
515𝑚3 ×
𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 4 ℎ𝑟 = 171.67𝑚3 𝑝𝑒𝑟 4 ℎ𝑟𝑠
12ℎ𝑟
Storage required = 214.76 + 0.25 x 214.76 = 268.45 m3 or 270 m3
Emergency volume
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
By Zerihun Alemayehu Equalizing volume
Solution
175 Excess pumped or
Equalizing volume
150
125
100
75
50
25
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
ho = H + ZL – Zo + Head loss
iL = no. of pipes
jL = no. of nodes iL = j L + k L - 1
kL = no. of loops
iL = no. of pipes
jL = no. of nodes iL = j L + k L - 1
kL = no. of loops
iL = no. of pipes
jL = no. of nodes iL = j L + k L - 1
kL = no. of loops
Discharges
Head loss
Pressure head
R
A P-4
P-1 P-3 P-5 E
C 1570
P-2
L3
L1
B
2310
rn Q
n −1
h
n
o f
Q o
75 mm
50 m
El. 1250
El. 1207
R El. 1185
150 m A 200 m 250 m
E
200 mm 200 mm C 75 mm
Q = 0.25 m3/min
El. 1177
75 mm
75 m
El. 1192
B Q = 1 m3/min
Q = 1 m3/min
100 mm
v = 2.1 m/s
B Q = 1 m3/min