Lab #: 13

Date: November 18,2021

Topic: Volumetric Analysis
Aim: To determine the molar concentration of a sample of Hydrochloric acid using a
standard solution of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution
Apparatus: Burette, pipette, conical flask, tile, retort stand, clamps, dropper
Reagents: 1 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, distilled water,
phenolphthalein Indicate
Procedure: 1. A filter Funnel was used to place the hydrochloric acid in the Burette up to or near
the 0 cm3 mark.
2. 25 cm3 portion of sodium hydroxide solution was pipetted in a conical flask.
3. Two to three drops of phenolphthalein indicator was added to the Flask and then
swirled.
4. The solution in the conical Flask was titrated with hydrochloric acid from the
burette whilst it was being swirled. When the indicator changed from pink to
colourless, the solution was stopped being titrated with the acid. At that point
was the end of neutralization.
5. AII burette readings were recorded in a table. (Note: a burette reads to 2 decimals
places).
6. The titration was repeated until consecutive burette readings differed by no more
that of 0.1 cm3 .
Results:
Titration
Rough 1 2 3
Final Burette 3.1 6 9 12.1
reading/ cm3
Initial Burette 0 3.1 6 9
reading/ cm3
Tire Volume 3.1 2.9 3 3.1
(Volume of
hydrochloric
acid used/cm3
TABLE SHOWING THE INITIAL, FINAL AND TIRE VOLUME FOR EACH TITRATION
SAMPLES DONE

Treatment of results:
1. Write the balanced total equation for the neutralization reaction

NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

Sodium Hydroxide Solution + Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Chloride + Water

2. What is the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide to hydrochloric acid

1NaOH (aq) + 1HCl (aq) 1NaCl (aq) + 1H2O (l)

1 mole of NaOH
1 mole of H2O

Mole ratio 1:1

3. Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide solution used to neutralize the
hydrochloric acid

Average Volume = 3.1 + 3 + 3.1

3
Average Volume = 9.2
3
Average Volume = 3.1 cm3

1000 cm3 = 1 dm3

3.1 cm3 X
1000 cm3 X = 3.1 cm3 dm3
1000 cm3 1000 cm3

X = 0.0031 dm3

Molar Concentration = 1.0 mol dm-3

Volume = 0.0031 dm3

Moles = Molar Concentration * Volume

Moles = 1.0 moldm -3 * 0.0031 dm3
Moles = 0.0031 mol

4. Hence determine the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used to neutralize the base

1 mol of NaOH : 1 mol of HCl

0.0031 mol X

X mol NaOH = 0.0031 mol HCl

0.0031 moles of Hydrochloric Acid

5. Calculate the molarity of the Hydrochloric Acid

1000 cm3 = 1 dm3
25 cm3 X

1000 cm3 X = 25 cm3 dm3

1000 cm3 1000 cm3
X = 0.025 dm3

Moles = 0.0031
Volume = 0.025 dm3

Molar Concentration = Moles

Volume
Molar Conecentration = 0.0031 mol
0.025 dm3
Molar Concentration = 0.12 mol dm-3

6. Find the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid

Molar Mass of HCl = 1H + 1Cl
Molar Mass of HCl = 1(1) + 1(Cl)
Molar Mass of HCl = 1+35.5
Molar Mass of HCl = 36.5 g mol-1

Molar Concentration = 0.12 mol dm-3

Molar Mass = 36.5 g mol-1

Mass concentration = Molar Concentration * Molar Mass

Mass Concentration = 0.12 mol dm3 * 36.5 g mol-1
Mass Concentration = 4.38 g dm-3

7. Determine the mass of salt formed in the neutralization reaction

Salt formed: NaCl (Sodium Chloride)

Molar Mass of NaCl = 1Na + 1Cl
Molar Mass of NaCl = 1(23) + 1(35.5)
Molar Mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5
Molar Mass of NaCl = 58.5 g mol

1mol of NaCl : 1mol of HCl : 1mol of NaCl : 1mol of H2O

1 mol NaOH = 1 mol of NaCl

0.0031 mol X

X = 0.0031 mol NaCl

Mass = Moles * Molar Mass

Mass = 0.0031 mol * 58.5 g mol-1
Mass = 0.18 g

Discussion:
Volumetric Analysis, any method of quantitative chemical analysis in which the amount of a substance is
determined by measuring the volume. that it occupies or, in broader usage, the volume of a second
substance that combine with. the first in Known proportions, more titrimetric analysis (titration). The
volume of a correctly the liquid is the amount of space occupied by liquid at rest or their containers. The
S.I. unit for volume is decimeter cubed (dm 3). Mass is the amount of matter or substance that make up
an object. The S.I. unit for moss is Kg (Kilogram). A mole is the amount of a substance that contains 6.02*
1023 particles of a substance. Molar Concentration is the number of moles of a solute dissolved in 1 dm 3
of the solution. The wait is mole of solute per cubic decimetre of solution (mol dm -3). Mass
concentration is the mass of solute dissolved in 1 dm 3 of solution. The unit is grams of solute per cubic
decimetre of solution or g dm-3 When the hydrochloric acid is being titrated with Sodium hydroxide
solution, phenolphthalein, (C20H1404), was added so a colour change can be seen. Phenolphthalein is an
organic compound that is an acid-base indicator. As on indicator of a solution (pH indicator),
phenolphthalein is colourless below pH 8.5 and attains a pink to deep red hue above pH 9.0. Using this
info, it can be concluded that the sodium hydroxide solution is neutralized when a light or dull pink
colour is observed or seen.
Source of error:
The titrates Form was dark pink in colour because too many drops of sodium hydroxide solution
was added.
Precaution:
Ensure that the tap of the burette is turned on slightly to ensure that not a lot of drops of sodium
hydroxide solution is added to make the titrate too basic.
Conclusion:
The molar concentration of a sample of hydrochloric acid determined by titration with a standard
solution of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution was found to be 0.12 mol dm-3

SKILL : Manipulative & Measurement (M & M)

CRITERIA TOTAL POSSIBLE POINTS GAINED
POINTS
Use of burette 7
Use of pipette 2
Reaction vessel 3
TOTAL 12
SKILL: ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

CRITERIA TOTAL POSSIBLE POINTS GAINED

POINTS
Questions 12
Conclusion 2
TOTAL 14