9th grade

Figures of speech
English FA
By Asmi Gujar
 Table of contents

Introduction 01 04 Personification

Simile 02 05 Allusion

Metaphor 03 06 Juxtaposition
 Table of contents
Irony 07 10 Repetition

Symbolism
08 11 Anaphora

Oxymoron 09 12 Paradox
Table of contents

Satire
13

Hyperbole
14
01
Introduction
A figure of speech is a a
word or expression used
not with its original
meaning but in an
imaginative way to make a
special effect
 02
Simile
❖ What is a simile?
A simile is a phrase used to compare two things or
concepts that aren’t typically seen as alike. using the
words ‘as’ or ‘like’

❖ Examples of similes include:

-Her face turned white like a mask
-His hair was as black as coal
-The drink was as cold as ice
-The rock was as sharp as a knife
 03
Metaphor
❖ What is a metaphor?
A metaphor is a phrase used to show alikeness
between two things or concepts without using the
words ‘as’ or ‘like’.

❖ Examples of metaphors include:

-His face was a white mask
-Time is a thief
-He had a heart of stone
-Her eyes were diamonds
 04
Personification
❖ What is personification?
Personification is giving human qualities to an
inanimate object

❖ Examples of personification include:

-The sun proudly beat its rays on the ground
-The river ran along its bed
-The air whistled
-The leaves danced
 05
Allusion
❖ What is allusion?
Allusion is the reference to something external to the
sentence in a passing manner, as a sort of
comparison to show similarity. This 'external' element
can be a song, writer, philosophy, major historical
event, a book or author.

❖ Examples of allusion include:

-Macarons are my achilles heel
-Yesterday may have been Ides of March
-A cheshire cat grin formed on her face
-I’m like the Tiger Woods of mini-golf
 06
Juxtaposition
❖ What is juxtaposition?
Juxtaposition is placing two things side by side to draw
or highlight the differences, giving the qualities more
significance.

❖ Examples of juxtaposition include:

-The room roared with laughter, while she softly cried
-The storm raged loudly outside, but I slept in
peaceful oblivion
-The stars shined brightly on the dark, dim sky.
-The bright sun lit up the beach while dark clouds
began enclosing around the horizon.
 07
Irony
❖ What is irony?
Irony is using a phrase to convey the opposite of your
intentions or feelings.

❖ Examples of irony include:

-The butter is as soft as concrete.
-It’s an amusing activity to visit the hospital almost
every week.
-This water is as clear as mud
-She is as pleasant as a coiled rattlesnake.
 09
Symbolism
❖ What is symbolism?
Symbolism is the use of an object, colour or idea to
represent an emotion or depict the mood of the
atmosphere.

❖ Examples of symbolism include:

-White represents life and purity
-Gardenias stand for beauty and truth
-Butterflies symbolise transformation
-Storms are used to show hostility or turmoil
 09
Oxymoron
❖ What is oxymoron?
An oxymoron combines two contradictory words with
opposite meanings.

❖ Examples of oxymoron include:

-This is old news
-This situation sprung up memories from the recent
past
-The room hung with deafening silence
-Her gaze held intense apathy
 10
Repitition
❖ What is repetition?
Repetition is when a word is used multiple times in a
single sentence.

❖ Examples of repetition include:

-That is a very, very, very small bag
-All she could see was boxes, boxes, boxes
everywhere
-The lights flicked on, off, on, off.
-The pot was infinitely delicate and infinitely
expensive.
 11
Anaphora
❖ What is anaphora?
Anaphora is when a word or phrase is repeated at the
start of a few sentences

❖ Examples of anaphora include:

-Be bold. Be brief. Be gone.
-Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what
you can do for your country
-Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame
on me.
-Get busy living or get busy dying

❖ The above are all examples of common sayings that

use anaphora.
 12
Paradox
❖ What is paradox?
A sentence in which the statement contradicts itself.

❖ Examples of paradox include:

-If I know one thing, it’s that I know nothing
-It felt like the beginning of the end.
-”I must be cruel, only to be kind”
-He was a compulsive liar
 13
Satire
❖ What is satire?
Satire is raising laughter at, or embarrassing
something or someone for the purpose of humbling
or discrediting.

❖ Examples of satire include:

-The adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a work of
satire in literature
-Animal farm is also a work of satire as it mocks the
Soviet Union
-Zoolander is a satire television show that targets the
fashion industry
-James Gillray's The Plumb-pudding in Danger is a
satire political cartoon
 14
Hyperbole
❖ What is hyperbole?
Hyperbole is an exaggerated claim, said usually as for
humour or dramatic purposes.

❖ Examples of hyperbole include:

-The car ride took forever
-I’m so hungry, I could eat a horse
-These shoes are killing me
-I’ve told you this a million times before
Thank
you