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Keeping The Republic Power and Citizenship in American Politics 8Th Edition Barbour Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Keeping The Republic Power and Citizenship in American Politics 8Th Edition Barbour Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Keeping The Republic Power and Citizenship in American Politics 8Th Edition Barbour Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
Test Bank for Keeping the Republic Power and Citizenship Formatted: Centered
Multiple Choice
1. According to John Locke and the Declaration of Independence, our rights are ______.
a. granted by government
b. granted by our fellow citizens
c. natural
d. determined indirectly as whatever is not regulated by government
e. determined arbitrarily
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 5-1: Define rights and liberties and their role in a democratic society.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Fundamental American Liberties
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Individual actions can come into conflict with the collective good of society ______.
a. only when direct harm occurs to another specific individual
b. because individual actions often have important consequences and costs for society
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
4. The example provided in the textbook concerning the response to the September 11 attacks
demonstrates that ______.
a. “the ends justify the means”
b. the liberty of the people is always more important than the security needs of the nation
c. it may be hard to protect both liberty and security
d. liberties are far more likely to come into conflict with each other than is liberty to come into
conflict with security
e. liberty and security are never really in conflict
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 5-1: Define rights and liberties and their role in a democratic society.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: When Rights Conflict—The Case of National Security
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. As an arbiter between the rights of the individual and the exercise of power by society, the
Supreme Court ______.
a. has sided consistently with individual rights
b. has acted in an inconsistent manner across the spectrum of possible positions over the course
of American history
c. supported government power in the nineteenth century but has been consistently on the side of
the individual since then
d. leaned toward protection of the individual in the nineteenth century but has consistently
favored government power since then
e. has generally remained neutral and allowed Congress to decide issues of individual liberty
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 5-1: Define rights and liberties and their role in a democratic society.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How Do We Resolve Conflicts About Rights?
Difficulty Level: Easy
TEST BANK
7. The right of an accused to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence
against him or her is known as ______.
a. habeas corpus
b. ex post facto presentation
c. a bill of attainder
d. Miranda rights
e. a bill of presentment
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how the Bill of Rights relates to the federal government and to
the states.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Why Is a Bill of Rights Valuable?
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. The source of authority cited by the Supreme Court for applying the Bill of Rights to the states
is ______.
a. the Bill of Rights itself
b. Congress
c. the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution
d. Marbury v. Madison
e. Federalist No. 10
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how the Bill of Rights relates to the federal government and to
the states.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Applying the Bill of Rights to the States
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. All of the following statements concerning incorporation of the Bill of Rights are true
EXCEPT this one:
a. Incorporation has taken place on the basis of provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment.
b. Incorporation is a matter of interpretation rather than a constitutional principle.
c. The Supreme Court began the process of incorporation of the Bill of Rights in the late 1960s.
d. Incorporation has taken place on the theories of both selective incorporation and total
incorporation.
e. Without incorporation, the Bill of Rights would apply only to acts of the federal government.
Ans: C
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how the Bill of Rights relates to the federal government and to
the states.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Applying the Bill of Rights to the States
Difficulty Level: Hard
10. The rights the founders believed were essential to maintaining a representative democracy
included all of the following EXCEPT this one:
a. establishment of religion
b. the right to bear arms
c. freedom of speech
d. freedom of the press
e. the right to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 5-3: Describe how the First Amendment protects both church and state, as
well as individuals’ religious freedom.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Freedom of Religion
Difficulty Level: Hard
11. In the conflict between accommodationist and separationist views of the establishment
clause, the Supreme Court has, in recent times, ______.
a. sided consistently with the separationist position
b. sided consistently with the accommodationist position
c. been moving more and more toward the separationist position
d. been moving more and more toward the accommodationist position
e. established no clear pattern and has favored each position at various times
Ans: E
Learning Objective: 5-3: Describe how the First Amendment protects both church and state, as
well as individuals’ religious freedom.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freedom of Religion
Difficulty Level: Hard
TEST BANK
13. According to the Supreme Court, for school prayer to violate the establishment clause, it
must be ______.
a. part of official school activities
b. denominational
c. opposed by a majority of the students or their parents
d. anti-Semitic
e. objectionable to at least one student
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 5-3: Describe how the First Amendment protects both church and state, as
well as individuals’ religious freedom.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Establishment Clause: Separationists Versus Accommodationists
Difficulty Level: Hard
15. The test that seems to provide the most protection for free speech is the ______.
a. Lemon test
b. imminent lawless action test
c. clear and present danger test
d. Scalia test
e. bad tendency test
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 5-4: Demonstrate how the protections of freedom of speech and of the press
have been tested.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Speech That Criticizes the Government
Difficulty Level: Easy
TEST BANK
a. if there are prayers or Bible readings in schools, then students who do not wish to participate
must be excused
b. states may prohibit religious activities that present a clear and present danger
c. citizens may freely engage in the religious activities of their choice
d. there shall be no excessive entanglement of government and religion
e. no state could establish an official religion
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 5-3: Describe how the First Amendment protects both church and state, as
well as individuals’ religious freedom.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Establishment Clause: Separationists Versus Accommodationists
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. According to the textbook, free speech is valuable for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
this one:
a. It helps create an informed citizenry.
b. It provides a voice for the minority.
c. It is good for economic development.
d. It provides a watchdog over government.
e. It helps preserve the truth.
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 5-4: Demonstrate how the protections of freedom of speech and of the press
have been tested.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Why Is Freedom of Expression Valuable?
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. In attempting to decide when speech can be prohibited, the Supreme Court has ______.
a. made it easier for the government to suppress speech
b. clarified when the government can suppress speech
c. made it harder for the government to suppress speech
d. been reluctant to interfere with the government’s authority to suppress speech
e. rarely had to address when the government can suppress speech
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 5-4: Demonstrate how the protections of freedom of speech and of the press
have been tested.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Symbolic Speech
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the Supreme Court’s view of freedom of
expression?
a. Flag burning is protected under the Constitution.
b. Associations such as the NAACP can be required to make their membership lists public.
c. Prior restraint of the press can occur only during extreme emergencies.
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
20. Which of the following statements concerning the protection of free expression in the United
States is NOT true?
a. Americans have often found it easy to suppress the free expression of unpopular ideas.
b. Free expression has been suppressed at times in the name of national security.
c. One argument in favor of free expression is that it aids in the search for truth.
d. The Supreme Court has consistently favored expansion of the freedom of expression.
e. One argument in favor of the suppression of false ideas is that they are a threat to the truth.
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 5-4: Demonstrate how the protections of freedom of speech and of the press
have been tested.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Symbolic Speech
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. In Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders of County of Burlington, the Court ruled that the
plaintiff could be ______.
a. arrested for symbolic speech because his actions constituted an imminent threat to public
safety
b. subject to a strip search for a minor offense he didn’t commit because concerns over jail
security outweigh an individual’s privacy rights
c. strip searched because the suspect’s conduct gave the police a reasonable suspicion that a
crime had been committed or was about to be committed
d. released from jail because he was not informed of his Miranda rights prior to being placed in
the jail population
e. released from jail due to police misconduct, which included forcing the suspect to lift his
genitals after being booked at the police station
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the protections afforded criminal defendants under the
Constitution.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Protection Against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. The national government decides to prosecute a speaker who states at a political rally, “The
U.S. government’s policy toward the Middle East is responsible for the violence in the region,
and our leaders should be forced to change their policy.” Although the government would most
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
likely be unsuccessful, for what would the government prosecute the speaker?
a. symbolic speech
b. fighting words
c. sedition
d. libel
e. slander
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 5-4: Demonstrate how the protections of freedom of speech and of the press
have been tested.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Speech That Criticizes the Government
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. The Supreme Court’s ruling in Brandenburg v. Ohio is significant because it ______.
a. created a new standard for regulating political speech
b. solved the question of what to do when violent speech is linked with violent action
c. created the clear and present danger test
d. declared certain kinds of symbolic speech to be unconstitutional
e. created a new test to determine whether something was pornographic
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 5-4: Demonstrate how the protections of freedom of speech and of the press
have been tested.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Speech That Criticizes the Government
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. It is difficult for the Supreme Court to determine the exact meaning of obscenity because
______.
a. the whole area is so subjective that wide disagreement exists
b. few historical cases have examined the issue
c. there are so few obscenity tests to choose from
d. radical feminists and conservatives strongly disagree on the issue
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
27. The founders’ opposition to prior restraint showed their commitment to ______.
a. the right to due process of law
b. freedom of the press
c. freedom of assembly
d. the right to bear arms
e. freedom of religion
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 5-4: Demonstrate how the protections of freedom of speech and of the press
have been tested.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freedom of the Press
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. The idea that language shapes behavior and, therefore, should be regulated to control its
social effects is known as ______.
a. the free exercise clause
b. political correctness
c. fighting words
d. obscenity
e. libel
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 5-4: Demonstrate how the protections of freedom of speech and of the press
have been tested.
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
29. The Supreme Court has ruled that prior restraint ______.
a. may be used by presidents in situations they declare involve national security
b. may be used in cases in which words are malicious
c. may be upheld only in cases of extreme emergency
d. may be upheld when Congress has granted the president legal authority to censor
e. is always unconstitutional
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 5-4: Demonstrate how the protections of freedom of speech and of the press
have been tested.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freedom of the Press
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. The Supreme Court has ruled that public figures can win libel suits against the mass media
only when the ______.
a. claims made by the media are false
b. claims made by the media damage the reputation of the public figure
c. public figure does not agree with the claims
d. claims made by the media will affect the outcome of an election
e. claims made by the media are known by them to be false or are made with reckless disregard
for the truth of the claims
Ans: E
Learning Objective: 5-4: Demonstrate how the protections of freedom of speech and of the press
have been tested.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freedom of the Press
Difficulty Level: Easy
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
32. In the conflict between media access to a trial and a defendant’s right to a fair trial, the
Supreme Court has ______.
a. generally restricted press access to a trial
b. rarely considered whether the person is a public figure
c. relied on the defendant’s feelings to determine if there should be press access to the trial
d. made total media access the norm after the O. J. Simpson trial
e. generally permitted press access to most stages of the legal proceedings
Ans: E
Learning Objective: 5-4: Demonstrate how the protections of freedom of speech and of the press
have been tested.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freedom of the Press
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. The Supreme Court ruled recently that the Second Amendment ______.
a. establishes only a collective right of the states to have militias
b. does not apply to the states
c. establishes an individual right to bear arms
d. applies to the states
e. is ambiguous and should be disregarded
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 5-5: Give examples of different interpretations of the Second Amendment’s
meaning.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Right to Bear Arms
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. The Supreme Court ruled recently that the Second Amendment individual right to bear arms
______.
a. applies to the states as well as to the national government
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
37. The Supreme Court has ruled that the exclusionary rule should ______.
a. apply only when the police conduct an illegal search deliberately; however, the burden is on
the police to show they acted in good faith
b. apply only to acts of the national government
c. be eliminated
d. be expanded to cover searches conducted by the military
e. not apply to cases involving investigations of terrorism
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the protections afforded criminal defendants under the
Constitution.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Protection Against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures
Difficulty Level: Easy
38. The exclusionary rule is the Supreme Court rule that states that ______.
a. illegally seized evidence cannot be used to obtain a conviction
b. special regulations promulgated by the president to keep foreign aliens from entering the
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
41. The current status of the right to counsel in criminal trials is that ______.
a. the Supreme Court has eliminated the right to counsel
b. the Supreme Court has extended the right to counsel to civil cases
c. the Supreme Court has restricted the right to counsel to those earning less than $3,000 per year
d. there has been no change in the law since the Gideon case, and the states have undergone a
great financial burden to make sure every defendant has competent counsel
e. in many places, the right to counsel is complied with on a minimal basis
Ans: E
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the protections afforded criminal defendants under the
Constitution.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Right to Counsel
Difficulty Level: Medium
42. It is difficult to know when to apply the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment
because ______.
a. the definitions of cruel and unusual are difficult to establish
b. the public presses the government to inflict cruel punishments
c. cruel punishments are often warranted
d. crime can be suppressed only if the government is willing to be cruel
e. unusual punishments are often necessary for unusual defendants
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the protections afforded criminal defendants under the
Constitution.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Protection Against Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Difficulty Level: Easy
43. Support of capital punishment has been weakening in the United States, mostly due to public
concern that ______.
a. the international community strongly disapproves of it
b. the system might be executing innocent people
c. it is inherently wrong in principle
d. it encourages violent behavior
e. the death sentence isn’t used often enough in criminal cases
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the protections afforded criminal defendants under the
Constitution.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Protection Against Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Difficulty Level: Easy
44. Which of the following statements best describes the constitutional right to privacy?
a. The courts have ruled that a right to privacy applies only to cases of reproductive rights.
b. A right to privacy is not clearly spelled out in the Constitution, but many people argue the
right is implied.
c. A right to privacy is spelled out explicitly in the Tenth Amendment.
d. The founders did not support a right to privacy, as evidenced by the Bill of Rights.
e. A right to privacy exists in the federal Constitution but not in most state constitutions.
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 5-7: Discuss the extent of an individual’s right to privacy.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Why Is the Right to Privacy Valuable?
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2015, CQ Press
TEST BANK
45. The authors of the text conclude that the question of whether and how the states should
regulate abortion ______.
a. is settled law
b. has receded from political debate
c. is likely to remain a divisive issue in American politics for some time
d. has moved to the state level as an issue
e. will inevitably be decided in favor of those claiming that a right to abortion exists
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 5-7: Discuss the extent of an individual’s right to privacy.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Why Is the Right to Privacy Valuable?
Difficulty Level: Easy
46. The Supreme Court’s ruling in Griswold v. Connecticut is significant because it ______.
a. protected a poor person’s right to counsel
b. opened the door for a variety of claims regarding the right to privacy
c. incorporated the exclusionary rule
d. created a new standard regarding the regulation of political speech
e. changed precedent regarding searches and seizures
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 5-7: Discuss the extent of an individual’s right to privacy.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Reproductive Rights
Difficulty Level: Easy
47. The Supreme Court has ruled that the right to refuse medical life support ______.
a. does not exist
b. is superseded by the authority of the state to protect life
c. is a matter for individuals to decide for themselves
d. has very limited protection
e. can be decided by the families when individuals cannot speak for themselves and their wishes
are unknown
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 5-7: Discuss the extent of an individual’s right to privacy.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Right to Die
Difficulty Level: Easy
48. In reading about the issues discussed in the textbook concerning the right to privacy, one
would conclude that most of the controversies over this right involve ______.
a. life and death
b. the privacy of information
c. education
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cords of three dogs, and in each instance produced changes which
he interpreted as comparable to the myelitis of human pathology. But
the inflammation thus provoked was not of the cord-substance alone;
it also involved the membranes, and the inflammatory foci were in
several instances purulent. Now, pus never85 forms in ordinary
myelitis. An abscess of the cord never occurs where a septic agency
can be excluded. In six dogs whose spinal cords I wounded in the
dorsal and lumbar regions by aseptic methods, and who survived
from two to seven days, I never found purulent or indeed any active
inflammatory process, as that term is ordinarily understood, but
exactly such passive and necrotic or reactive changes as occur in
the acute myelitis of human pathology.
83 Klinik der Rückenmarkskrankheiten, ii. p. 115.
84 Cited by Leyden.
85 In the textbooks and encylopædias, without an exception, the statement that pus
may be a product of myelitis is made. This is true of traumatic cases and of such
depending on septic and zymotic causes alone. I am unable to find a single carefully
observed case of the occurrence of pus in simple myelitis in the literature.
88 Baumgarten's case of hyaline exudation, Archiv der Heilkunde, vol. xvii. 276, was
an infectious myelitis and associated with anthrax.
94 According to the first observer, this is probably due to structural differences. The
extramedullary fibres have a sheath and annular constrictions which are absent in the
intramedullary.
99 S. Weir Mitchell and M. J. Lewis found that voluntary effort increases the jerk at
first, but if continued diminishes its excursiveness (The Medical News, 1886, Feb.
13th and 20th).
102 Repeated fractures have been noted in cases marked by profound analgesia. It is
believed that they are not always due to trophic changes, but may be the result of
muscular action, exaggerated on account of the patient's inability to gauge his efforts.
Still, in the majority of cases the presence of positive trophic disturbances of the skin
seems to indicate the probability of some textural change facilitating the fracture.
On July 23, 1884, shortly before mid-day, while lying on the bed, in
which he had lain a helpless cripple for over four years, except when
lifted into the roller carriage, he felt a sudden rush of warmth.
Surprised at this first sensation he had felt for years in limbs which
had been quasi-foreign appendages, he raised up the bed-clothes
and saw that they changed color. There was some tingling for about
three minutes, and a perspiration broke out in the affected members.
With this he found he could move his feet: half alarmed, half exulting,
he sent for his physician, L. Weiss, who found that the patient could
stand and walk with considerable freedom. I was then consulted, and
found the patient presenting a picture of incomplete transverse
myelitis. He could walk, turn about, stand with closed eyes with slight
swaying, and his knee-phenomenon was of short excursiveness, but
exceedingly spasmodic, and this symmetrically so. He was carefully
watched, and against the advice of his physician engaged in
peddling cigars, and subsequently took a position as attendant at the
pauper asylum on Ward's Island. Here he was on his feet fully twelve
hours a day, and his motion, which had continued improving until it
was to all practical intents and purposes normal, aside from a slight
stiffness, again became impaired, and a joint trouble in the
metacarpo-phalangeal articulation of the right little toe, which had
troubled him a week after his partial recovery, recurred.104 On
January 15th of the present year I again examined him. His knee-
phenomenon was greatly exaggerated, cutaneous sensations
scarcely impaired, gait paraparetic, but he could walk great
distances, and claimed to suffer less from the exertion than from the
tenderness accompanying the joint trouble referred to. There had,
therefore, occurred, without any assignable cause—for the patient
was not under treatment for a year or more before the event—an
almost instantaneous restoration of sensation, locomotion, and
sexual power; all of which faculties, notwithstanding the infraction of
every medical direction given, remained established for two years,
with prospects of so continuing a longer period.
104 This was a trophic joint trouble.