CHUYÊN ĐỀ : MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

A. RELATIVE CLAUSES
- Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó. Nó được nối bởi 1 đại từ
quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY, WHEN.
Ví dụ: The woman who is talking to the teacher is my mother.
MĐQH bổ nghĩa cho “The woman”
1. Đại từ quan hệ (Relative Clauses)
Đại từ Cách sử dụng Ví dụ
quan hệ
Who - Làm chủ ngữ - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son.
- Thay thế cho 1 danh từ à I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son.
chỉ người - The woman is standing over there. She is my sister.
àThe woman ,who is standing over there, is my sister.
Whom - Làm tân ngữ - I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.
- Thay thế cho 1 danh từ à I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to.
chỉ người - The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him.
à The man ,who/ whom your father is talking to, is my
teacher.
Which - Làm chủ ngữ / tân ngữ - She works for a company. It makes cars
- Thay thế cho 1 danh từ à She works for a company which makes cars.
chỉ vật - The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron
cages.
à The elephants ,which people keep in iron cages, are big.
Whose Chỉ sở hữu của người / vật - John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
(his-, her-, its-, their-) à John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was
broken.
- This is the student. I borrowed his book.
àThis is the student whose book I borrowed.
That Có thể dùng thay thế cho - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son.
WHO / WHOM / - The man ,that/ who/ whom your father is talking to, is
WHICH trong MĐQH my teacher.
xác định. - The elephants ,that/ which people keep in iron cages, are
big.
Of whom / - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
of which à Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
- He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of
them.
à He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I
couldn’t answer.
* Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT:
- Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật:
Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
 - Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody, all, much ....
Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
All ,that is mine, is yours.
- Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, only, first, last
Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
- You are the only person that can help us.
- Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
(Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)
* Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:
- Trong mệnh đề tính từ không xác định.
Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
- Sau giới từ
Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale.
Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (WHOM/WHICH)
Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
à The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast.
- The house is for sale. I was born in it.
à The house in which I was born is for sale.
* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.
2. Trạng từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs)
Trạng từ Nghĩa Cách sử dụng Ví dụ
quan hệ
When In / on Thay thế cho - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
which danh từ chỉ cụm à Do you remember the day when / on which we first
thời gian met?
Where In /on / at Thay thế cho - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at
which danh từ chỉ nơi that place.
chốn à The movie theater is the place where / at which we
can see films.
why For which Thay thế cho - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
danh từ chỉ lí do à Tell me the reason why / for which you are so sad.
CÓ 2 LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ LIÊN HỆ:
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định & Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
- Là mệnh đề cần thiết, không thể thiếu. - Là mệnh đề không cần thiết.
Ví dụ: - Ngăn cách với các mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
- I saw the girl. She helped us last week. Ví dụ:
à I saw the girl who/that helped us last week. - My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
* LƯU Ý: Ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, à My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
WHOM, WHICH, THAT khi chúng làm tân
 ngữ trong MĐQH xác định.
CÓ THỂ LƯỢC BỎ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ KHÔNG THỂ LƯỢC BỎ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

EXERCISE 1 : Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun.

1. The girl is my cousin. She chatted with you yesterday.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
2. The man is very kind. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
4. The young boy is naughty. He rides an expensive motorbike.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
6. Do you know the man? He is sharing the flat with me.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
7. The young man is Ba’s brother. He is talking to our teacher.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
8. We visited the monument. It was built a hundred years ago.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
9. The boys are interested in the game. It is a popular game all over the world.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
10. You have no need to tell me the reason. You are often late for work for that reason.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
11. We visited the people. They are homeless after the flood.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
12. I don’t like the films. They have unhappy ending.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
13. I know the man. His son broke your windows.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
14. The girl is very kind. Her parents work with me.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
15. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
16. She hasn’t eat anything. This makes her parents worried.
à………………………………………………….……………………………..
17. The student is from China. He sits next to me.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
18. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.
à …………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Mr. Pike is excellent. I am taking his course.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Shakespeare wrote plays . People have enjoyed them for four centuries.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
EXERCISE 2 : Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences :
1. The student next to me kept cracking his knuckles, ________ bothered me a lot.
A. Which B. that C. who D. what
2. The teacher ________ was ill cancelled her maths class.
A. Who B. whom C. which D. whose
3. We saw many cars and people ________ were moving to the countryside.
A. Who B. that C. which D. whom
4. The magazine ________ I read on the plane was interesting.
A. Who B. whom C. which D. where
5. The lift is out of order, ________ is too bad.
A. That B. which C. where D. who
6. The student ________ sits next to me is from England.
A. Which B. who C. whom D. whose
7. Opposite our house there is a large park, ________ there are many beautiful trees and flowers.
A. That B. which C. where D. in that
8. My uncle drank a lot of beer, ________ made him fat.
A. That B. which C. that’s why D. it
9. Peter, ________ I played tennis yesterday, was much fitter than me.
A. Who B. whom C. with whom D. with who
10. ________ is our national anthem composed ?
A. Whom B. By who C. With whom D. By whom
11. “________ football club do you like best, Van ?” – “Chelsea, of course.”.
A. Who B. Which C. Why D. Whom
12. One of the largest cities in the Middle East is Baghdad, _______ is the capital of Iraq.
A. That B. which C. where D. ∅
13. A woman ________ teaches linguistics at the university received an award for outstanding research.
A. Who B. whom C. she D. which
14. That book is by a famous anthropologist. It’s about the people in Samoa ________ for three years.
A. That he lived C. among whom he lived
B. That he lived among them D. where he lived among them
15. Do you have the book ________ the teacher ?
A. That it belongs to C. to which belongs
B. To which belongs to D. that belongs to
16. I have three brothers, ________ are working in Hồ Chí Minh City.
A. That all of them C. all of whom
B. Who they all D. who all of them
17. The aquarium ________ we wanted to visit was shut when we got there.
A. That B. where C. what D. at which
18. The librarian gave us a lot of information, ________ was very useful.
A. which most of it B. most of which C. most of that D. this
19. Annie found the souvenirs ________ she wanted at the gift shop.
A. That B. which C. ∅ D. all are correct
20. I remember Anna, ________ rode the bus to school with.
A. I B. who I C. which I D. that I
21. It rained all the time, ________ was a great pity.
A. That B. what C. which D. who
22. ________ you really need is a long holiday.
A. That B. what C. which D. who
23. Bob is the kind of person to ________ one can talk about anything.
A. Who B. whom C. that D. him
24. He is a person ________ friends trust him.
A. Who B. his C. that D. whose
25. Cathy is trustworthy. She’s a person upon ________ you can always depend.
A. Who B. whom C. that D. ∅
26. Your career should focus on a field in ________ you are genuinely interested.
A. Which B. what C. that D. ∅
27. People ________ outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people.
A. Whose B. whom C. that D. which
28. Ms. Donaldson, ________ teaches linguistics at the university, recently received recognition for her
research.
A. Who B. whom C. which D. that
29. The earth, ________ is the fifth largest planet in the solar system, is the third planet from the sun.
A. Who B. whom C. which D. that
30. Melanie was looking after a dog ________ leg had been broken in an accident.
A. Which B. whose C. that D. its
31. One of the people arrested was Mary Arundel, _____ is a member of the local council.
A. That B. who C. whom D. ∅
32. The Titanic, ________ sank in 1922, was supposed to be unsinkable.
A. Whose B. that C. which D. who
33. The Newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group,_______ chairman is Sir James Bex.
A. Which B. that C. who D. whose
34. She is one of the few people to ________ I look up.
A. Who B. whom C. that D. ∅
35. The street is very noisy, ________ makes sleeping difficult.
A. That B. what C. which D. it
36. The children saw the actual spacecraft ________ landed on the moon.
A. Who B. that C. it D. ∅
37. Marie, ________ I met at the party, called me last night.
A. That B. who C. which D. whose
38. She’s the woman ________ sister babysits for us.
A. Who B. which C. that’s D. whose
39. He came in and didn’t say anything, ________ worried all of us.
A. That B. who C. he D. which
40. The assembly line, ________ by Henry Ford, has brought about many significant changes in
automobile production.
A. That was invented C. was invented
B. What was invented D. which was invented
41. Somebody forgot this hat. I wonder ________.
A. Whose is this hat B. whose hat this is C. whose hat is D. is this whose hat
42. We only employ people ________ already have computer skills.
A. Whom B. who C. they D. those
43. Students for _______ English is a second language should consider taking the course.
 A. Who B. whom C. that D. whose
44. Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, ________ surprised everyone.
A. Which B. that C. who D. that is
45. Whales and sharks are carnivores, ________ means they eat meat.
A. This B. that C. it D. which
46. All the students ________ do well in writing.
A. Whom Mr. Davis teaches them C. that Mr. David teaches them
B. Which Mr. Davis teaches D. Mr. Davis teaches
47. The company offered the position to John,_____ department performed best this year.
A. Who B. whose C. which D. that
48. The film was made in Botswana,______ wildlife parks are larger than those in Kenya.
A. Who B. which C. that D. whose
49. We went to the Riverside Restaurant, ________ I once had lunch with Henry.
A. When B. which C. that D. where
50. Mr. Carter, to _______ I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.
A. Who B. whom C. which D. that
51. I used to enjoy the summer, ________ we had a big family picnic.
A. Which B. when C. that D. where
52. The new shopping mail is advertised as a place ________ you can find just about anything you
might want to buy.
A. Which B. that C. where D. when
53. Washington, DC is the capital of the US, ________ covers the District of Columbia.
A. Which area B. where area C. whose area D. area
54. Manhattan is the island ________ the main borough of New York City.
A. Which has formed C. where is formed
B. Whose forms D. that forms
55. Las Vegas is a US city ________ many people go to gamble.
A. Which B. that C. whose D. where
56. Dr. Sales is one of the few people ________.
A. In whom I don’t have much confidence
B. In who I don’t have much confidence
C. Whom I don’t have much confidence in him
D. I don’t have much confidence
57. Miami city is a popular place for holidays because of the warm weather and Miami Beach,
________ three miles off the coast.
A. That is on an island C. it is on an island
B. Which is on an island D. an island
58. Valerie Polkoff, ________, escaped from Russia with her family in 1917.
A. Who has died aged 90 C. that has died aged 90
B. Whose age 90 when she died D. aged 90 when she died
59. In the novel by Peters, ________, the main character is a teenager.
A. Who the film is based on C. on which the film is based
B. On that the film is based D. that the film is based on
60. The children, ________ parents work late, are taken home by school bus.
A. That B. who C. whose D. their
61. What’s the name of the man ________ gave us a lift ?
A. He B. what C. which D. who
62. Were you able to locate the person ________ wallet you found ?
 A. Which B. that his C. whose D. that’s
63. My friend Nigel, ________ works in the city, earns much more than I do.
A. That B. which C. who D. whose
64. Everyone ________ the building was searched by the police.
A. Enter B. entered C. entering D. enters
65. Yesterday was the hottest day ________ remember.
A. That can B. which can C. which I can D. I can
66. Florida, ________ the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year.
A. Is B. known as C. is known as D. that is known as
67. There was little ________ we could do to help her.
A. Which B. what C. that D. when
68. Atlanta is the city ________ the Olympic Games were held in 1996.
A. That B. when C. where D. which
69. Little Women, ________ in 1868, is my favourite book.
A. Is a novel published C. a novel published
B. A novel was published D. was a novel published
70. I have three brothers, ________ are businessmen.
A. All of which B. all of those C. all of whom D. all of who
71. The chemistry book ________ was a little expensive.
A. That I bought it B. I bought that C. what I bought D. I bought
72. We passed shops ________ windows were decorated for Christmas.
A. The B. their C. which D. whose
73. I didn’t believe them at first but in fact everything ________ was true.
A. They said B. that they said to C. what they said D. to which they said.
74. Do you remember Mrs. Goddard, ________ taught us English composition ?
A. Who B. whom C. that D. which
75. Only a few of movies ________ on TV are suitable for children.
A. Which show B. showing C. shown D. are shown
76. York, ________ last year, is a nice old city.
A. I visited B. that I visited C. which I visited D. whom I visited
77. Neil Armstrong, the first person ________ on the moon, reported that the surface was fine and
powdery.
A. That set foot B. set foot C. setting foot D. to set foot
78. They let me at the bus stop ________ they had met me the week before.
A. Where B. which C. when D. that
79. Thanksgiving is a time ________ everyone eats turkey in America.
A. At that time B. when C. that D. b and c
80. Fortunately we have a map, ________ we’d have got lost.
A. Without which B. with which C. for which D. of which
EXERCISE 3 : Complete the sentences. Put in relative pronouns only if you have to. If the sentence is
correct without relative pronouns, write ∅ . Also add commas where necessary :
1. The man ________ paid for the meal was a friend of Tom’s.
2. The meeting ________ we had to attend went on for three hours.
3. My office, ________ is on the second floor of the building, is very small.
4. Jane works for a company ________ makes shoes.
5. The woman ________ I was sitting next to talked all the time.
6. This school is only for children ________ first language is English.
7. Laura had a wooden box, ________ she kept her photos in.
 8. I don’t know the name of the woman to ________ I spoke on the phone.
9. Towns ________ attract tourists are usually crowded in the summer.
10. Somewhere I’ve got a photo of the mountain ________ we climbed.
11. The sun, ________ is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light.
12. I thought I recognized the assistant ________ served us.
13. Which is the European country ________ economy is growing the fastest ?
14. John, ________ speaks French and Italian, works as a tour guide.
15. The detective lost sight of the man ________ he was following.
16. She told me her address, ________ I wrote down on a piece of paper.
17. Sarah, ________ you met yesterday, works in advertising.
18. I’m afraid the numbers ________ I chose didn’t win the prize.
19. Electronics is a subject about ________ I knew very little.
20. Mark, ________ car had broken down, was in very bad mood.
EXERCISE 4 : Use a relative pronoun to combine each pair of the sentences. If the relative pronoun
can be omitted, write it in brackets :
1. Professor Wilson is an excellent lecturer. He teaches Chemistry.
....................................................................................................................................................
2. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night.
....................................................................................................................................................
3. There are some words. They are very difficult to translate.
....................................................................................................................................................
4. The student writes well. I read her composition.
....................................................................................................................................................
5. Jim’s sister is a famous architect. You met her yesterday.
....................................................................................................................................................
6. I received two job offers. I accepted neither of them.
....................................................................................................................................................
7. I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now.
....................................................................................................................................................
8. Mrs. Smith does volunteer work at the hospital. She is a retired teacher.
....................................................................................................................................................
9. I live in a dormitory. Its residents come from many countries.
....................................................................................................................................................
10. Lake Prespa is a lonely beautiful lake. It’s on the north Greek border.
....................................................................................................................................................
11. The little girl ate candy the whole way. She sat next to me on the coach.
....................................................................................................................................................
12. The police blocked off the road. That caused a traffic jam.
....................................................................................................................................................
13. Felix Reeve is a journalist. His tape recorder was stolen.
....................................................................................................................................................
14. The famous picture is worth thousands of pounds. It was damaged during the war.
....................................................................................................................................................
15. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers.
....................................................................................................................................................
16. I don’t know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone.
....................................................................................................................................................
 17. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It is only 30 miles away.
....................................................................................................................................................
18. I have to call the man. I accidentally picked up his umbrella after the meeting.
....................................................................................................................................................
19. Louis knows the woman. The woman is meeting us at the airport tomorrow.
....................................................................................................................................................
20. The scientist has won the Nobel Prize. He discovered a new planet.
....................................................................................................................................................
21. The river is the Wye. It flows through Hereford.
....................................................................................................................................................
22. We climbed to the top of the tower. We had a beautiful view from here.
....................................................................................................................................................
23. A few days ago I met Diana. I hadn’t seen her for ages.
....................................................................................................................................................
24. This is a photograph of our friends. We went on holiday with these friends.
....................................................................................................................................................
25. This famous painting was damaged during the war. Its value is inestimable.
....................................................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 5 : Combine the sentences by using relative adverbs :
1. This is the place. The accident occurred here.
...................................................................................................................................................
2. 7:05 is the time. My plane arrives at that time.
....................................................................................................................................................
3. I’ll show you the second–hand bookshop. You can find valuable books in this shop
....................................................................................................................................................

4. The reason is to invite you to my party. I’m phoning you for this reason.
...................................................................................................................................................
5. Mark likes to travel at night. The roads are quiet at that time.
...................................................................................................................................................
6. The Riverside Restaurant is very beautiful. I once had lunch with Henry in this restaurant.
...................................................................................................................................................
7. She doesn’t want to speak to the cause. She divorced her husband for this cause.
...................................................................................................................................................
8. The days were the saddest ones. I lived far from home on those days.
...................................................................................................................................................
9. A café is a small restaurant. People can get a light meal there.
...................................................................................................................................................
10. You didn’t tell us the reason. We had to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.
...................................................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 6 : Complete the advertisement. Put in who, whom, whose, which, where or why :
The town of Keswick, (1) ________ lies at the heart of the Lake District, is the perfect play for a
holiday, and the Derwent Hotel, (2) ________ overlooks the town, is the perfect play to stay. Robin and
Wendy Jackson, (3) ________ bought this small hotel 3 years ago, have already won an excellent reputation.
Robin, (4) ________ cooking is one of the reasons (5) ________ the Derwent is so popular, was once Young
Chef of the Year. The comfort of the guest, (6) ________ the owners treat almost as members of the family,
always comes first. Peter Ustinov, (7) ________ once stayed at the hotel, described it as “marvellous”. And
the Lake District, (8) ________ has so much wonderful scenery and (9) ________ the poet Wordsworth
lived, will not disappoint you.
EXERCISE 7 : Use a relative pronoun or relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences :
1. The student is from China. He sits next to me in the English class.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. “The Old Man and the Sea” is an interesting novel. It was written by Ernest Hemingway.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The professor is excellent. I’m taking his course.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come to see him.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The man is my father. I respect this man most.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Do you know the reason ? Martha left for this reason.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Tom has three sisters. All of them are married.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I recently went back to Paris. It is still as beautiful as a pearl.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I recently went back to Paris. I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Laura couldn’t find the box. She kept her photos in that box.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Art Golding was a famous actor. He played the ship’s captain in “Iceberg”.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. The police want to know the hotel. Mr. Foster stayed two weeks ago.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. I’ve sent him two letters. He has received neither of them.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. That man is an artist. I don’t remember the man’s name.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Do you still remember the day ? We moved to this town on that day.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. The reason hasn’t been told yet. The President will come to that city for this reason.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Vicky didn’t get the job. It’s made her very depressed.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. My uncle usually goes to work by bus. You met him at the bus stop this morning.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. That car belongs to Dr. Clark. Its engine is very good.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. He gave several reasons. Only a few of them were valid.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. Charlie Chaplin died in 1977. His films amused millions of people in the world.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. The taxi driver is friendly. He took me to the airport.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. I ran into a woman. I had gone to elementary school with her.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. The house is empty now. I used to live there.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. Do you remember the year ? The First World War ended in that year.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. Mrs. Bond is going to spends a few weeks in Sweden. Her daughter lives in that country.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. We stayed at the Grand Hotel. Ann recommended it to us.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. My sister was looking after a dog. Its leg had been broken in an accident.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
30. The street I live in is very noisy at night. This makes it difficult to sleep.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
EXERCISE 8 : Each of these sentences contains errors in it. Write the correct sentence :
1. There were a lot of people waited in a long line outside the box office.
2. This isn’t the bus on that I normally travel.
3. Baseball is the only sport which I am interested in.
4. The reason because I didn’t know was that no one had told me.
5. I didn’t know the name of the man helped me.
6. I’ve met many people, some of them are from my country.
7. Hiroko was born in Sapporo that is a city in Japan.
8. Dr. Darnell was the only person to whom I wanted to see.
9. Rupert knows the family who’s house is for rent.
10. Students who living on campus are close to their classroom and the library.
11. Einstein who failed his university entrance exam discovered relativity.
12. The person we talked to was very friendly.
13. The bridge building only two years ago has been declared unsafe.
14. It’s the President makes the important decisions.
15. I can’t find my diary, what is a real nuisance.
16. Outside the door was a pair of boots covering in mud.
17. Lake Superior, that lies on the US Canadian border, is the largest lake in North America.
18. My favourite place in the world is a small city is located on the southern coast of Brazil.
19. I would like to live in the country which there is plenty of sunshine.
20. The nice couple with who we went on holiday has just moved in next door.
EXERCISE 9 : Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose, when, where, why) :
1. This is the bank (who/which/whose) was robbed yesterday.
2. A boy (who/which/whose) sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3. The man (who/which/whose) robbed the bank had two pistols.
4. He wore a mask (who/which/whose) made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend (who/which/whose) waited outside in the car.
6. The woman (who/which/whose) gave him the money was young.
7. The bag (who/which/whose) contained the money was yellow.
8. The people (who/which/whose) were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man (who/which/whose) mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman (who/which/whose) daughter was crying tried to calm her.
11. The car (who/which/whose) the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
12. The robber (who/which/whose) mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
13. The man (who/which/whose) drove the car was nervous.
14. He didn't wait at the traffic lights (who/which/whose) were red.
15. A police officer (who/which/whose) car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.
16. This is the station (When/where/why) Emily met James.
17. July and August are the months (When/where/why) most people go on holiday.
18. Do you know the reason (When/where/why) so many people in the world learn English?
19. This is the church (When/where/why) Sue and Peter got married.
20. Edinburgh is the town (When/where/why) Alexander Graham Bell was born.
21. 25 December is the day (When/where/why) children in Great Britain get their Christmas presents.
22. A famine was the reason (When/where/why) so many Irish people immigrated to the USA in the 19th
century.
23. A greengrocer's is a shop (When/where/why) you can buy vegetables.
24. The day (When/where/why) I arrived was very nice.
25. A horror film was the reason (When/where/why) I couldn't sleep last night.
26. The woman (whose/which/who) Is reading a book is a friend of mine.
who The woman * is rea whose John, * father is a d
27. The book
(whose/which/who) is on the table is not for sale.
which the book * is on the
28. My sister, (whose/which/who) husband is inside the car,
can't drive.
29. He's the boy (whose/which/who) delivers the newspaper on Sundays.
30. The Indian restaurant (whose/which/who) is in Green street is very expensive.
31. Yes, this restaurant is expensive, but the Chef, (whose/which/who) is a native Indian, is a marvellous
cook.
32. Who is this man (whose/which/who) wife is looking so sad ?
33. Do you see the dog, (whose/which/who) is over there?
34. The oranges (which/who/where) you bought were tasty.
which The oranges * you
35. A parrot is a bird (which/who/where) can speak.
which A parrot is a bird * c
36. The Amazon region is a rainforest (which/who/where) is
full of wild animals.
37. I don't like people (which/who/where) tell lies
38. I like children (which/who/where) are polite.
39. The school (which/who/where) I studied is very nice.
 40. The zoo is a place (which/who/where) many animals live.
41. The books (which/who/where) are on the desk are mine.
which The books * are on
42. This is the house (which/who/where) my husband built.

B. REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES (Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)

1) Dùng phân từ:

a) Dùng cụm V-ing :

Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa chủ động
Ex: a. The man who is standing there is my brother.
b. The man standing there is my brother
b) Dùng cụm Vp2:
Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa bị động .
a. I like books which were written by Nguyen Du.
b. I like books written by Nguyen Du.
2) Dùng cụm to inf: (... Noun/ Pronoun + to infinitive / to be + P.P... )
-Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau đây : ONLY, LAST, FIRST, SECOND...
Ex: This is the only student who can do the problem. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
This is the only student to do the problem.
-Động từ là HAVE
Ex: I have something that I must do now. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
I have something to do now.
-Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today. (động từ mang nghĩa bị động)
There are six letters to be written today.
3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ )
Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng:
S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ
Cách làm:
-bỏ who ,which và be
Ex: a. Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
 Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health.
 Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.
Ex: b. Do you like the book which is on the table?
Do you like the book on the table?
PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN:
Bước 1 : - Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chổ nào
Bước này dễ vì mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu bằng WHO,WHICH,THAT...
Bước 2 :
Bước này chủ yếu là rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm từ
1. Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ? Nếu có áp dụng công thức 3 .
2. Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp trứoc who which... có các dấu hiệu first ,only...v..v không ,nếu có
thì áp dụng công thức 2 (to inf. ) lưu ý thêm xem 2 chủ từ có khác nhau không ( để dùng for sb )
3. Nếu không có 2 trừong hợp trên mới xét xem câu đó chủ động hay bị động mà dùng Ving hay VpII.
EXERCISE 10: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses
1. The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box that I could keep them in.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. You are the last person who saw her alive.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
8. He simple loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which had been built on the Clyde.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
10. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Here are some accounts that you must check.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
14. People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss .
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
15. He was the man who was saved in the fire .
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Anyone who doesn’t want to take part in the meeting must inform the board.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
17. The teacher who takes the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
18. .She’s just bought a handbag which was made of crocodile skin.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
19. I met a man who had been working in this factory for a long time.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………
20. The story which was told by my grandma was interesting.
à…………………………………………………………………………………………