Application of DNA

Recombination

Emily Mharl M. Ruiz, LPT

Direction: Arrange the steps involved in DNA
Recombination. Write 1 for Step 1, 2 for Step 2, etc.

3
__________ Joining DNA
4
__________Amplifying the
recombinant DNA
1
__________Isolating DNA
2
__________Cutting DNA
Guess the combination
Direction: Identify the animals combined in each of the
picture.

Dog + Bird Butterfly + Duck + Horse Spider + Squirrel

Additional Questions:
1. What is the process that allows the combination of
DNAs?
DNA recombination
2. Do you think the animals in the pictures above can
be created through DNA recombination at the moment?
DNA Recombination cannot create yet those organisms
in the pictures above. However, today you will learn
about an application of DNA Recombination that have
been already done.
Lesson:
Application of DNA
Recombination
STEM_BIO11/12-IIIa-b-7

Emily Mharl M. Ruiz, LPT

 Objectives:
Content Standards: The learners demonstrate an understanding of
the Recombinant DNA
Performance Standards: Make a research paper/case study/poster
on genetic diseases.
Most Essential Learning Competency: The learners should be
able to discuss an application of recombinant DNA.
Code: STEM_BIO11/12-IIIa-b-7
 Objectives:
At the end of the learning period, students
should be able to:
a. explain the process and application of DNA
recombination
b. recognize the advantages and
disadvantages of DNA recombination, and;
c. design a genetically modified organism
Group Activity:
Direction: Read the news article about the application
of DNA Recombination and answer the guide
questions.
 Use and Impact of Bt Maize
By: Richard L. Hellmich & Kristina Allyse Hellmich
2012 Nature Education

• Bt maize has revolutionized pest control and many farmers have

benefited, but some people remain skeptical of this new
technology.
• Most people are familiar with the hungry caterpillar in the
vegetable garden or the elusive beetle in the pantry and
contending with these unwelcomed pests is a longstanding
problem. Ever since humans started farming, they have shared
part of their harvest with insects.
• Growers of maize are challenged with a number of pests, but the
most important are lepidopteran larvae that are stalk borers, ear or
leaf feeders, and coleopteran larvae that feed on roots.
 Use and Impact of Bt Maize
By: Richard L. Hellmich & Kristina Allyse Hellmich
2012 Nature Education
• The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, for example, was
nicknamed the "billion dollar bug" because it cost growers over a
billion dollars annually in insecticides and lost crop yields. Most
maize growers rely on traditional crop protection practices to
manage these insects, including cultural, biological or chemical
methods that aims to minimize environmental impact. However, in
1996 USA growers were introduced to commercial maize that was
genetically engineered with resistance to European corn borer and
other lepidopteran maize pests. In 2003 another GE maize was
introduced that killed corn rootworm larvae. These GE plants
produce crystal (Cry) proteins or toxins derived from the soil
bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), hence the common name "Bt
maize". Bt maize has revolutionized pest control in a number of
countries, but there still are questions about its use and impact.
 Use and Impact of Bt Maize
By: Richard L. Hellmich & Kristina Allyse Hellmich
2012 Nature Education

• Figure 1: European corn borer: shotholes and tunnel in leaf midrib (a),
damage and fungal infection in non-Bt maize (left) and Bt maize (b), stalk
tunneling (c), and adult female (left) and male (d).
Guide Questions:
1. What is the news all about?
The news is all about the plant called Bt corn.
2. What is Bt corn? What is unique in Bt corn?
Bacillus thuringiensis corn is a pest-resistant corn.
3. What is the process involved in the production of the Bt corn?
DNA recombination
4. Why do you think scientists created the Bt corn?
Creating the pest-resistant corn aims to solve the problem on pest
infestation & consequently facilitate the corn production.
Agrobacterium Bacillus
tumefaciens thuringiensis
cry1Ab gene –
coding for
insecticidal crystal
protein (ICP)

cry1Ab gene

cry1Ab gene
 cry1Ab gene

cry1Ab gene

cry1Ab gene
pest-resistant corn
Seedlings will grow as pes-
resistant corn.
 Guide Questions:
Step 1: Isolating DNA: Isolate the gene of interest and
vector.
Questions:
1. What is the gene of interest and vector in the diagram?
The gene of interest is the cry1Ab gene and the vector is
the plasmid.
2. What is the source of the gene of interest and vector?
cry1Ab gene is from Bacillus thuringiensis and the
plasmid is from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
 Guide Questions:
Step 2: Cutting DNA: To cut DNA, enzyme is used to
cleave or cut DNA at palindromic sequences to generate
sticky ends.
Question: What is the enzyme use to cut DNA?
Restriction enzyme
Step 3: Joining DNA
After the gene of interest and vector (plasmid) was cut, it
must be joined together using an enzyme.
Question: What do you call the enzyme use to join DNA?
Ligase
 Guide Questions:
Step 4: Amplifying the Recombinant DNA
Produce large amounts of Recombinant DNA by
transforming Recombinant DNA into the host cell.
Question: What is the process used to amplify
Recombinant DNA in the diagram?
Hint: It occurs when cell take up DNA from its
surrounding.
Transformation
 Other Examples of Recombinant DNA
Golden Rice Human Insulin

Human Growth Hormone Golden Rice Factor VIII

Human Insulin Hepatitis B vaccine Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Research:
Investigate other applications of recombinant DNA.

1. Monoclonal Antibodies
2. Gene Therapy
3. DNA Fingerprinting
4. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Think, Pair, and Share (Table)
Direction:
1. Individually, think of the advantages and disadvantages of using DNA
Recombination
2. By pair, discuss your ideas and formulate a table.
3. Share your table with your classmates.

Advantages Disadvantages
Think, Pair and Share (Table)
Direction:
1. Individually, think of the advantages and disadvantages of using DNA
Recombination
2. By pair, discuss your ideas and formulate a table.
3. Share your table with your classmates.

Advantages Disadvantages
Resistant to pests, disease, harsh Possible harm to non-target insect
climates

Facilitating production of crops Long-term changes to the ecosystem

Cross-pollination

Concern on safety for humans and

animals
Additional Question:

1. Are you in favor of using DNA

recombination? Why or why not?
Create Your GMO
Direction: Draw your own hypothetical genetically
modified organism. Provide explanation on how you will
use DNA Recombination in creating your own GMOs.
Application of DNA
Recombination

Emily Mharl M. Ruiz, LPT