CALCIUM

PHOSPHATE
Sustainable Aquatic Products Processing Technology
BIOCERAMICS Prof.Dr.Ir.Joko Santoso, M.Si

Salmon Calcium Phosphate A massive amount of fish and shellfish (more than 91 million tons) are hunted annually worldwide.
(sCaP) About 50–60% of hunting is used for human consumption, while the rest is wasted. In salmon
filleting the remaining spine (9–15%) and head (10–12%) are byproducts (Bas, M et al. 2020)
Natural calcium phosphates derived from fish wastes are a promising material for biomedical application. Fish
bones are mainly composed of calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tricalcium phosphate(TCP) ), non-
collagenous protein, type I collagen, and water. It is easy to derivate calcium phosphatesfrom fish bones with a
low-cost heat treatment process (Aydin,G et al. 2021).

MTT Assay METHOD

Result Terzioğlu, P et al. 2018

Salmon bones
In vitro biocompatibility of materials
was investigated by two methods:
(1) MTT assay with SBF to understand Boiling and Washing
whether toxic substances released from
materials.
(2) SEM investigations to show Soft tissues
attachment and proliferation cells on The cytotoxicity (MTT) tests shown in graphic indicated that
◦
sCaP-1000/1100/1200/1300 C had no cytotoxic effect
removed
materials. compared to control
Thus, the in vitro biocompatibility tests demonstrated that these
composites had suitable cytocompatibility, and can be
Bas, M et al. 2020 recommended for further developments for biomedical
applications
Drying

SEM Investigations Calcination

◦

◦
C

In the SEM image, it was observed that the cell (600-1300 C, 1-24h)
clusters on sCaP composites obtained in three
different temperatures between 1000 and
◦
1300 C were attaching and proliferating. Thus, Salmon CaP (sCaP)
it has been verified that sCaP has nontoxic
and significant proliferation properties, as
expected based on literature data and
traditional use.
These findings indicate that natural CaP
Examination of Properties
produced from salmon bones constitutes a
cost-effective and environmentally friendly CaP
source, maintaining the normal oligoelements Mechanical
of the natural bones, such as Mg2+, and Evaluation
according to the literature, this is important
because it will assure better osteointegration Micro-structural
and biocompatibility Evaluation

Procpect Challenge Bocompatibility

calcium phosphates with
beneficial trace ions owing to
bone excellent composition.
This promising biomaterial in
the field of bone repair and
regeneration applications,
drug delivery, and
environmental remediation
1. Contamination : the soft
tissue removal process must
be completely clean because
contaminants such as fat,
protein, or other organic
residues can affect the
physical and chemical
properties of sCaP.
2. Control temperature and time
during calcination : according
to the characteristics of the
fish bones.
Evaluation
Reference :
Aydin,G.,Terzioğlu,P.,Öğüt,H.,&Kalemtas,A.(2021).Production,
characterization,andcytotoxicity of calcium phosphate ceramics derived from the bone
of meagre fish,Argyrosomus regius.Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 57, 37-
46
Bas, M., Daglilar, S.,... & Ficai, A.(2020).Mechanical and biocompatibility properties of
calcium phosphate bioceramics derived from salmon fish bone wastes. International
journal of molecular sciences, 21(21), 8082.
Terzioğlu, P., Öğüt, H., & Kalemtaş, A. (2018). Natural calcium phosphates from fish
bones and their potential biomedical applications. Materials Science and Engineering:
C, 91, 899-911.

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