5-13 5-13

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AP* Statistics – Classwork Chapter 5

Life expectancy in the United States varies a bit from state to state. The lowest life expectancy at
birth in 2012, 73.09 years, was in the District of Columbia. The highest, 80.23 years, was in
Hawaii. The mean of all the state life expectancies is 77.19 years, with a standard deviation of 1.57
years.

1. a. Calculate the z-score for Washington, D.C.

b. Interpret this z-score in context.

2. a. Connecticut has a z-score of 1.09. Interpret this z-score in context.

b. Calculate the life expectancy at birth for Connecticut.

Life expectancy varies by race as well. Blacks in the United States tend to have shorter lives than
whites. The mean of the state average life expectancies at birth for whites is 77.96 years, and the
standard deviation is 1.29 years. For blacks, the mean is 72.33 years with a standard deviation of
1.46 years.

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 5-14 5-14

The state with the longest life expectancy for blacks is Massachusetts at 76.36 years. For whites,
the longest life expectancy is in the District of Columbia at 81.54 years.

3. a. Which of these life expectancies is more extreme for the population?

b. Use z-scores to explain your answer to part a.

4. Connecticut has a z-score of 1.70 for life expectancies for blacks and 1.09 for whites.

a. What is the life expectancy at birth for blacks in Connecticut? For whites?

b. You are asked what percentage of states have lower life expectancy for blacks than
Connecticut. Explain why you don’t have enough information to answer that question.

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 5-15 5-15

AP* Statistics – Classwork - Key Chapter 5

Life expectancy in the United States varies a bit from state to state. The lowest life expectancy at
birth in 2012, 73.09 years, was in the District of Columbia. The highest, 80.23 years, was in
Hawaii. The mean of all the state life expectancies is 77.19 years, with a standard deviation of 1.57
years.

1. a. Calculate the z-score for Washington, D.C. 73.09 − 77.19

≈ −2.61
1.57

b. Interpret this z-score in context.

The life expectancy for Washington, D.C. is 2.61 standard deviations below the mean of 77.19 years.

2. a. Connecticut has a z-score of 1.09. Interpret this z-score in context.

The life expectancy for Connecticut is 1.09 standard deviations above the mean of 77.19 years

b. Calculate the life expectancy at birth for Connecticut. 77.19 +1.09 ⋅1.57 ≈ 78.90 years

Life expectancy varies by race as well. Blacks in the United States tend to have shorter lives than
whites. The mean of the state average life expectancies at birth for whites is 77.96 years, and the
standard deviation is 1.29 years. For blacks, the mean is 72.33 years with a standard deviation of
1.46 years.

The state with the longest life expectancy for blacks is Massachusetts at 76.36 years. For whites,
the longest life expectancy is in the District of Columbia at 81.54 years.

3. a. Which of these life expectancies is more extreme for the population?

There is very little difference, but the District of Columbia is slightly better for whites than Massachusetts is for
blacks.

b. Use z-scores to explain your answer to part a.

The District of Columbia has a z-score of 2.78 for whites, and Massachusetts has a z-score of 2.76 for blacks.

4. Connecticut has a z-score of 1.70 for life expectancies for blacks and 1.09 for whites.

a. What is the life expectancy at birth for blacks in Connecticut? For whites?
Blacks: 72.33 + 1.70 . 1.46 = 74.81 years. Whites: 77.96 + 1.09 . 1.29 = 79.3 years.

b. You are asked what percentage of states have lower life expectancy for blacks than
Connecticut. Explain why you don’t have enough information to answer that question.
We don’t know anything about the shape of the distribution of life expectancies. If the distribution were
approximately normal, we could answer the question from the z-score.

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 5-16 5-16

AP* Statistics Quiz A – Chapter 5 Name

1. Students taking an intro stats class reported the number of credit x 16.65
hours that they were taking that quarter. Summary statistics are s 2.96
shown in the table. min 5
a. Suppose that the college charges $73 per credit hour plus a flat Q1 15
student fee of $35 per quarter. For example, a student taking 12 median 16
credit hours would pay $35 + $73(12) = $911 for that quarter. Q3 19
max 28

i. What is the mean fee paid? ii. What is the standard deviation for the
fees paid?

iii. What is the median fee paid? iv. What is the IQR for the fees paid?

b. Twenty-eight credit hours seems like a lot. Would you consider 28 credit hours to be
unusually high? Explain.

2. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised (WAIS-R) follow a Normal model with
mean 100 and standard deviation 15. Draw and clearly label this model.

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 5-16 5-16

3. Adult female Dalmatians weigh an average of 50 pounds with a standard deviation of 3.3
pounds. Adult female Boxers weigh an average of 57.5 pounds with a standard deviation of 1.7
pounds. One statistics teacher owns an underweight Dalmatian and an underweight Boxer. The
Dalmatian weighs 45 pounds, and the Boxer weighs 52 pounds. Which dog is more
underweight? Explain.

4. Human body temperatures taken through the ear are typically 0.5° F higher than body
temperatures taken orally. Making this adjustment and using the 1992 Journal of the American
Medical Association article that reports average oral body temperature as 98.2° F, we will
assume that a Normal model with an average of 98.7° F and a standard deviation of 0.7° F is
appropriate for body temperatures taken through the ear.
a. An ear temperature of 97° F may indicate hypothermia (low body temperature). What
percent of people have ear temperatures that may indicate hypothermia?

b. Find the interquartile range for ear temperatures.

c. A new thermometer for the ear reports that it is more accurate than the ear thermometers
currently on the market. If the average ear temperature reading remains the same and the
company reports an IQR of 0.5° F, find the standard deviation for this new ear
thermometer.

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 5-17 5-17

3. Adult female Dalmatians weigh an average of 50 pounds with a standard deviation of 3.3
pounds. Adult femaleQuiz
Boxers
A – weigh an 5average
AP* Statistics Chapter – Key of 57.5 pounds with a standard deviation of 1.7
pounds. One statistics teacher owns an underweight Dalmatian and an underweight Boxer. The
Dalmatian weighs taking
1. Students 45 pounds, andstats
an intro the Boxer weighs 52
class reported thepounds.
numberWhich dog is more
of credit x 16.65
underweight? Explain.
hours that they were taking that quarter. Summary statistics are s 2.96
shown in the table. min 5
a. Suppose that the college charges $73 per credit hour plus a flat Q1 15
student fee of $35 per quarter. For example, a student taking 12 median 16
credit hours would pay $35 + $73(12) = $911 for that quarter. Q3 19
max 28
i. What is the mean fee paid? ii. What is the standard deviation for the
fees paid?

$35 + $73(16.65) = $1250.45 $73(2.96) = $216.08

iii. What is the median fee paid? iv. What is the IQR for the fees paid?

$35 + $73(16) = $1203 IQR = 73(19-15) = $292

b. Twenty-eight credit hours seems like a lot. Would you consider 28 credit hours to be
unusually high? Explain.

IQR = 19 – 15 = 4 credit hours

High outliers will lie above Q3 + 1.5IQR = 19 + 1.5(4) = 25 credit hours. Since 28 credit hours exceeds
25 credit hours, I would consider 28 credit hours to be unusually high.

2. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised (WAIS-R) follow a Normal model with
mean 100 and standard deviation 15. Draw and clearly label this model.

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Inc. Inc.
 5-18 5-18

3. Adult female Dalmatians weigh an average of 50 pounds with a standard deviation of 3.3
pounds. Adult female Boxers weigh an average of 57.5 pounds with a standard deviation of 1.7
pounds. One statistics teacher owns an underweight Dalmatian and an underweight Boxer. The
Dalmatian weighs 45 pounds, and the Boxer weighs 52 pounds. Which dog is more
underweight? Explain.

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© 2015 Pearson
© 2015Education,
Pearson Education,
Inc. Inc.
 5-19 5-19

3. Adult female Dalmatians weigh an average of 50 pounds with a standard deviation of 3.3
pounds. Adult female Boxers weigh an average of 57.5 pounds with a standard deviation of 1.7
pounds. One statistics teacher owns an underweight Dalmatian and an underweight Boxer. The
Dalmatian weighs 45 pounds, and the Boxer weighs 52 pounds. Which dog is more
underweight? Explain.

45 - 50
Dalmatian: z D = = -1.52
3.3
52 - 57.5
Boxer: z B = = -3.24
1.7

The Dalmatian is 1.52 standard deviations underweight, while the Boxer is 3.24 standard deviations
underweight. So, the Boxer is more underweight.

4. Human body temperatures taken through the ear are typically 0.5° F higher than body
temperatures taken orally. Making this adjustment and using the 1992 Journal of the American
Medical Association article that reports average oral body temperature as 98.2° F, we will
assume that a Normal model with an average of 98.7° F and a standard deviation of 0.7° F is
appropriate for body temperatures taken through the ear.
a. An ear temperature of 97° F may indicate hypothermia (low body temperature). What
percent of people have ear temperatures that may indicate hypothermia?
97 - 98.7
z= = -2.43 , so P ( z < -2.43) = 0.0075
0.7
About 0.75% of people have ear temperatures that may indicate hypothermia.

b. Find the interquartile range for ear temperatures.

The z-scores associated with the IQR are z = -0.67 and z = 0.67. So, we need to solve for y in each of the
y - 98.7 y - 98.7
following equations: -0.67 = and 0.67 = . We get y = 98.7 - 0.67 (0.7) = 98.2 and
1.7 1.7

y = 98.7 + 0.67 (0.7) = 99.2 . The interquartile range is IQR = 99.2° F – 98.2° F = 1.0° F.
c. A new thermometer for the ear reports that it is more accurate than the ear thermometers
currently on the market. If the average ear temperature reading remains the same and the
company reports an IQR of 0.5° F, find the standard deviation for this new ear
thermometer.
The new IQR is 0.5° F, while the old IQR was 1.0° F. So, we want
0.5
IQR = [98.7 + 0.67s ] - [98.7 - 0.67s ] = 0.5 , or 1.34s = 0.5 . Thus, s = = 0.37 . Our new standard
1.34
deviation is 0.37° F.

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 5-19 5-19

3. Light bulbs are measured in lumens (light output), watts (energy used), and hours (life). A
standard
AP*white light Quiz
Statistics bulb has
B –aChapter
mean life 5 of 675 hours and a standard
Namedeviation of 50 hours. A
soft white light bulb has a mean life of 700 hours and a standard deviation of 35 hours. At a
local science
1. Duringcompetition, both lightlocal
a budget meeting, bulbs lastedboard
school 750 hours. Which light bulb’s life span was
members
decided to review class size information to determine if x 33.39 students
budgets were correct. Summary statistics are shown in the s 5.66 students
table. min 17
a. Notice that the third quartile and maximum class sizes Q1 29
are the same. Explain how this can be. median 33
Q3 40
max 40

b. The school district declares that classes with enrollments fewer than 20 students are “too
small”. Would you consider a class of 20 students to be unusually small? Explain.

c. The school district sets the office supply budgets of their high schools on the enrollment of
students. The district budgets each class $12 plus $0.75 per student, so a class with one
student receives $12.75 and the classes with 40 students receive 12 + 0.75(40) = $42. What
is the median class budget for office supplies? And the IQR?

d. What are the mean and standard deviation of the class office supply budgets?

2. The Postmaster of a city’s Post Office believes that a Normal model is useful in projecting the
number of letters which will be mailed during the day. They use a mean of 20,000 letters and a
standard deviation of 250 letters. Draw and clearly label this model.

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Inc. Inc.
 5-20 5-20

3. Light bulbs are measured in lumens (light output), watts (energy used), and hours (life). A
standard white light bulb has a mean life of 675 hours and a standard deviation of 50 hours. A
soft white light bulb has a mean life of 700 hours and a standard deviation of 35 hours. At a
local science competition, both light bulbs lasted 750 hours. Which light bulb’s life span was
better? Explain.

4. At a large business, employees must report to work at 7:30 A.M. The arrival times of
employees can be described by a Normal model with mean of 7:22 A.M. and a standard
deviation of 4 minutes.
(SHOW WORK)
a. What percent of employees are late on a typical work day?

b. A psychological study determined that the typical worker needs five minutes to adjust to
their surroundings before beginning their duties. What percent of this business’ employees
arrive early enough to make this adjustment?

c. Because late employees are a distraction and cost companies money, all employees need to
be on time to work. If the mean arrival time of employees does not change, what standard
deviation would the arrival times need to ensure virtually all employees are on time to
work?

d. Explain what achieving a smaller standard deviation means in the context of this problem.

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Inc. Inc.
 5-21 5-21

3. Light bulbs are measured in lumens (light output), watts (energy used), and hours (life). A
standard
AP*white light Quiz
bulb has
B –aChapter
mean life5 –ofKey
675 hours and a standard deviation of 50 hours. A
Statistics
soft white light bulb has a mean life of 700 hours and a standard deviation of 35 hours. In a test
1. During a budget meeting, local school board members
decided to review class size information to determine if x 33.39 students
budgets were correct. Summary statistics are shown in the s 5.66 students
table. min 17
a. Notice that the third quartile and maximum class sizes Q1 29 are
the same. Explain how this can be. median 33
Q3 40
The top 25 percent of all classes have 40 students enrolled. max 40

b. The school district declares that classes with enrollments fewer than 20 students are “too
small”. Would you consider a class of 20 students to be unusually small? Explain.
Yes, classes with 20 students enrolled seem unusually small. Twenty is well below the first quartile of 29
students, and only slightly above the minimum size (17). 20 - 33.39
z= = -2.366 With z = -2.366, this
5.66
size class is over 2 standard deviation units below the mean.

c. The school district sets the office supply budgets of their high schools on the enrollment of
students. The district budgets each class $12 plus $0.75 per student, so a class with one
student receives $12.75 and the classes with 40 students receive 12 + 0.75(40) = $42. What
is the median class budget for office supplies? And the IQR?
Median budget = $12 + $0.75(33) = $36.75 $36.75
Q1 budget = $12 + $0.75(29) = $33.75
Q3 budget = $12 + $0.75(40) = $42.00 $8.25
IQR = $42.00 - $33.75 = $8.25
d. What are the mean and standard deviation of the class office supply budgets?

Mean budget = $12 + $0.75(33.39) = $37.04 $37.04

Standard deviation = $0.75(5.66) = $4.25 $4.25

2. The Postmaster of a city’s Post Office believes that a Normal model is useful in projecting the
number of letters which will be mailed during the day. They use a mean of 20,000 letters and a
standard deviation of 250 letters. Draw and clearly label this model.

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© 2015Education,
Pearson Education,
Inc. Inc.
 5-22 5-22

3. Light bulbs are measured in lumens (light output), watts (energy used), and hours (life). A
standard white light bulb has a mean life of 675 hours and a standard deviation of 50 hours. A
soft white light bulb has a mean life of 700 hours and a standard deviation of 35 hours. In a test

CopyrightCopyright
© 2015 Pearson
© 2015Education,
Pearson Education,
Inc. Inc.
 5-23 5-23

3. Light bulbs are measured in lumens (light output), watts (energy used), and hours (life). A
standard white light bulb has a mean life of 675 hours and a standard deviation of 50 hours. A
soft white light bulb has a mean life of 700 hours and a standard deviation of 35 hours. In a test
at a local science competition, both light bulbs lasted 750 hours. Which light bulb’s life span
was better? Explain.
750 - 675 The standard light bulb lasted more than 1.5
Standard light bulb: z = = 1.5 standard deviations above the mean life,
50
compared to the soft light bulb at 1.4286 standard
deviations above its mean. The standard light
750 −700
Soft light bulb: z = = 1.4286 bulb’s performance was slightly better.
35

4. At a large business, employees must report to work at 7:30 A.M. The arrival times of
employees can be described by a Normal model with mean of 7:22 A.M. and a standard
deviation of 4 minutes.
a. What percent of employees are late on a typical work day?
Employees are late if they arrive after 7:30 AM..
30 - 22
P(time > 7 : 30) = P(z > = 2) = 0.0228
4

According to the Normal model, about 2.28% of

employees are expected to arrive after 7:30 AM.

b. A psychological study determined that the typical worker needs five minutes to adjust to
their surroundings before beginning their duties. What percent of this business’ employees
arrive early enough to make this adjustment?

25 - 22
P(x £ 25) = P(z < = 0.75) = 0.773
4
According to the Normal model, about 77.3% of
employees arrive at work before 7:25 AM.

c. Because late employees are a distraction and cost companies money, all employees need to
be on time to work. If the mean arrival time of employees does not change, what standard
deviation would the arrival times need to ensure virtually all employees are on time to
work?
Virtually all times lie within 3 standard deviations of the mean. (Accept other reasonable z-scores
30 - 22
greater than 3). If z = 3 £ , then 3s £ 8 , so s £ 2.67 minutes.
s
d. Explain what achieving a smaller standard deviation means in the context of this problem.
A smaller standard deviation would mean greater consistency in arrival times.

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 5-23 5-23

3. Although most of us buy milk by the quart or gallon, farmers measure daily production in
pounds.
AP*Guernsey
Statisticscows
Quizaverage 39 pounds
C – Chapter 5 of milk a day with a standard
Name deviation of 8
pounds. For Jerseys the mean daily production is 43 pounds with a standard deviation of 5
pounds.
1. When being shown
City planners wantedat atostate
know fair
howa champion Guernsey
many people and
lived in a champion Jersey
a typical x eachpeople
2.53
gave 54 pounds of milk. Which cow’s milk production was more remarkable?
housing unit so they compiled data from hundreds of forms that Explain.
s 1.40 people
min 1
had been submitted in various city offices. Summary statistics are
Q1 1
shown in the table. median 2
a. Notice that the minimum occupancy and the first quartile are Q3 3
the same. Explain how this can be. max 10

b. The city classifies residences housing 4 or more people as “high occupancy”. Would you
consider 4 occupants to be unusually high? Explain.

c. The city bases their garbage disposal fee on the occupancy level of the home or apartment.
The annual fee is $40 plus $5 per person, so a single occupant pays $45 and the homes
with 10 people pay $40 +$5(10) = $90 a year. What is the median fee paid? And the IQR?

d. What are the mean and standard deviation of the garbage disposal fees?

2. Owners of a minor league baseball team believe that a Normal model is useful in projecting the
number of fans who will attend home games. They use a mean of 8500 fans and a standard
deviation of 1500 fans. Draw and clearly label this model.

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 5-24 5-24

3. Although most of us buy milk by the quart or gallon, farmers measure daily production in
pounds. Guernsey cows average 39 pounds of milk a day with a standard deviation of 8
pounds. For Jerseys the mean daily production is 43 pounds with a standard deviation of 5
pounds. When being shown at a state fair a champion Guernsey and a champion Jersey each
gave 54 pounds of milk. Which cow’s milk production was more remarkable? Explain.

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Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Elegy in Autumn
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: Elegy in Autumn

In memory of Frank Dempster Sherman

Author: Clinton Scollard

Release date: August 22, 2023 [eBook #71471]

Language: English

Original publication: New York: Frederick Fairchild Sherman,

1917

Credits: Charlene Taylor, David E. Brown, and the Online

Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
(This file was produced from images generously made
available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ELEGY IN

AUTUMN ***
ELEGY IN AUTUMN

IN MEMORY OF
Frank Dempster Sherman

BY
Clinton Scollard

new york
Frederic Fairchild Sherman
mcmxvii
Copyright, 1917, by
Clinton Scollard
ELEGY IN AUTUMN
 I
Brother in song, you who have gone before
Along far incommunicable ways,
Leaving me here upon this mortal shore,
A bondman to the tyrant nights and days,
Across the distance, hail!
Though Time may sever, and we meet no more,
Yet what shall Time avail!
 II
’Twas Autumn when we first set hand to hand,
And eye to eye, in loyal comradeship;
Drowsed with a draught of Beauty seemed the land,
As it had raised a golden cup to lip;
But you embodied Spring,
Its harvest hopes, its deeds in joyance planned,
Its brave adventuring.
 III
I can recall your buoyance,—can recall
The star-sown hours beneath the Cambridge trees,
When o’er us wheeled the bright processional
Of bold Orion and the Pleiades,
And how we strolled along
Laughterful, and oblivious to all
Save the sweet thrall of Song.
 IV
Youth has its visions and its fervors; yours
Were lovingly enlinked with Poesy;
You dreamed the dream that many an one allures,
The vernal dream where life is harmony.
And though the years estranged
Your full allegiance, something still assures
My heart you never changed.
 V
What merriment was ours those shut-in nights
When Winter, clamorous at the casement, cried!
What dear association, what delights
As we in friendly emulation vied,
While Aspiration’s cruse
Was brimmed for us, beholding on dim heights
The presence of the Muse!
 VI
And then there opened wider paths to tread
When Love, with Song, beguiled you on and on,
While Art around your feet unfaltering shed
Its luminous light, irradiant as the dawn;
Though you saw many part
From deities long worshipped, you were wed
Inalienably to Art.
 VII
What though the rigid chains of circumstance
Oft held you in the trammels of the town,
Your heart went woodward where the fairies dance
What time the moon its silvery sheen sifts down.
You loved the reeds and rills,
The sea, the shore, their glamour and romance,
And all the climbing hills.
 VIII
And when you made escape, and sensed the wild
Aromas beat about you, when you fared
By tracks unwonted, like an unleashed child
You gleefully your gay abandon shared.
Care from your shoulders thrown,
You seemed an Ariel spirit, long exiled,
Come back unto its own.
 IX
With gracious Memory again I go
To tread with you where meads are green and gold,
Where upland slopes are strewn with daisy-snow,
And bee-balm torches light the flocks to fold,
And willow branches wave
Above Oriskany, singing far below
Its liquid summer stave.
 X
Now south we sail where stormy currents meet
Round the wind-harassed cape of Hatteras,
Beyond whose beacons, when the tides retreat,
The wide sea-mirror is like burnished glass;
There, ’mid the drowsy calms,
As Ponce de Leon did of yore, we greet
The tall Floridian palms.
 XI
Here down the live-oak aisles ’tis ours to stray
With wraiths of many a stern conquistador,
Those vanished warriors of an elder day
When gray San Marco bore the brunt of war;
Here we in revery lean
Upon the ramparts beetling o’er the bay,
And watch the shifting scene;—
 XII
The boats that dip and dart like living things,
Seeking the open sea beyond the bar;
The graceful gulls with sunlight on their wings
Up the Matanzas soaring fleet and far
Where inlets deep beguile;
And o’er the waters undulant shimmerings
The low coquina isle.