HEALTH Q3

 DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL (COMMUNICABLE)

 Communicable Diseases
- Are diseases that are transmissible from one host to another. ( person, animal
or other object)

 Factors that Influence Disease Transmission

o O1 Environmental Factors
- Sanitation and its facilities.
- Pollution
- Climate change

o O2 Socio-economic Factors
- Cultural Practices
- Living Arrangements – where a group of people like then livestock

 Three Levels of Preventing Diseases

o O1 Primary Prevention
- Activities are done to prevent one from having diseases.
This Include:
- Getting immunized ( bakuna )
- Eating a healthy diet
- Getting enough sleep

o O2 Secondary Prevention
- Activities are done to prevent further damages when the disease has already
started. This include:
- Prompt Diagnosis
- Treatment

o O3 Tertiary Prevention
- The focus is on rehabilitating the sick person so as to prevent long-term
complications of the disease.

 PATHOGENS AND TYPES OF PATHOGENS

PATHOGENS – Are tiny microorganism that infect or invade the body and attack the cells and tissue.

 Types of Pathogens
 o Bacteria – are one-celled microscopic organisms that rank among the most widespread of
living things.

a. Toxin Bacteria
- Produce a certain food poison called BOTULISM.
- Once entered the body through wound they can cause Tetanus or Lockjaw.

b. Resident Bacteria
- Live in the human mouth, intestine, and skin. These help us from
harmful bacteria.

o Rickettsia – requires living cells in order to grow and multiply. Blood sucking insects,
such as lice, metals, and ticks.

TYPHUS FEVER – a rocky road mountain spotted fever is a disease caused by

rickettsia.

o Virus – are small simple life-like forms from one-half to 100. the size of a bacteria

 Examples of Virus:

- Rabies virus – Brain cell.

- Polio virus – Nervous system.
- Cold virus - Respiratory system.
- Viral hepatitis - Affects the liver.
- Mumps – Infects the glandular tissue.
- Smallpox, chicken pox, warts – Attack the skin.

o Fungi – Simple organism that cannot make their own food.

- Many live on dead animals, insects, and leaves.
- They prefer dark and damp environment.

o Protozoa – Larger than bacteria.

- Most are harmless and they are common in tropical areas that have poor
sanitation.
- Can cause amoebic dysentery.

o Parasitic Worm – A worm is classified as parasite. A parasite is a disease-causing

organism that lives in humans. Or other animals and derives its nourishment from its
host.

HELMINTHOLOGY – is the study of parasitic worms.

Common Helminths: Roundworms, pinworms, tapeworms, and flukes.

 ELEMENTS IN THE CHAIN OF INFECTION

1. PATHOGENS – Refers to an organism with the ability to caused diseases. The greater the
organism’s virulence ( ability to grow and multiply), invasiveness ( ability to enter tissues), and
pathogenicity ( ability to cause diseases), the greater the possibility that the organism will cause
an infection. Infectious agents are bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, and parasitic worms.

2. RESERVOIR – A place where which microorganisms can thrive and reproduce. For example,
microorganisms thrive in human beings, animals, and inanimate objects such as water, tabletops,
and doorknobs. The most common reservoir is the human body.

3.