EED505

LAB2
SERA TURAGAKULA
A00225731
 LAB 2

TITLE: COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO

AIM: To evaluate a 741 Op-common amp's mode rejection ratio.

INTRODUCTION:
A 741 operational amplifier's common-mode rejection will be evaluated in this
experiment. An ideal op-amp should have zero output voltage if the same signal
is applied simultaneously to both inputs, known as the common-mode input.
There will be a small but finite output voltage when both input voltages are the
same since operational amplifiers are imperfect devices. Common-mode
rejection, abbreviated CMR for common-mode rejection, is the ratio of the
common-mode input voltage to the generated output voltage and is measured in
decibels. Better rejection and a smaller output voltage are both correlated with a
higher CMR.

The pin configuration for the LM741 is given below;

MATERIALS:
➢ Function Generator
➢ Oscilloscope
➢ Dual DC Power Supply
➢ Digital Multi-meter
➢ LM741 Op-amp
➢ Resistors (1/4W) – 2 x 100Ω, 10KΩ, 2 x 100KΩ
➢ Potentiometer – 10KΩ
➢ Cables – BNC-BNC, BNC-Crocodile Clips, Oscilloscope probes (x2)
➢ Breadboard & Connecting wires
USEFUL FORMULAS:

PROCEDURE:
1. The circuit was constructed as depicted in figure 2.0. And the oscilloscope
was adjusted to the following settings:
Channel 1: 2V/division, ac coupling
Channel 2: 0.02V/division, ac coupling
base: 5ms/division

Figure 2.0 – Schematic diagram of the circuit

2. The power was supplied to the circuit. The common-mode input voltage,
or Vin, was the input voltage adjusted to 10V peak-to-peak at a frequency
of about 60Hz (cm). With this voltage value, precision was maximized.
3. A DMM was used to measure the rms common-mode input and output
voltages, which were then reported under results. The common-mode
input and output voltages were used to determine the common-mode
voltage gain, Acm, which was recorded under results.

4. The differential voltage gain, Av(d), which was based on all four resistors,
is provided in the "Useful Formulas" section and is used to describe this
circuit as a difference amplifier or difference circuit. After calculating the
differential voltage gain for your device, the common-mode rejection (in
dB) was derived. The majority of 741 op-amp manufacturers specify a
minimum CMR of 70 dB, however 90 dB is more common.

5. In the circuit seen in figure 2.0, for instance, the CMR was improved by
lowering one or more resistors. R4 was converted to a 100k series
connection.After removing the circuit's dc power and signal generator,
we only left a potentiometer and a 10k resistor.A 100k potentiometer was
used to replace R4.
6. The common-mode input voltage was tuned to 10V peak-to-peak at a
60Hz frequency after the circuit received power once more.
7. The operational amplifier's output at pin 6 was examined using the
oscilloscope while the 100k potentiometer was set for a low output
voltage.

8. Repeating steps 3 and 4 while using a 1000-fold differential gain. The

results were recorded.
 DISCUSSION:
1. Explain in your own words what you understand by the Common
Mode Rejection. How is higher value of CMRR better for Op-amps?
-A very high CMRR value means that the differential gain Av(d) is
strong and the commonmode gain Acm is low. Hence, the higher the CMRR, the
better. Well-designed differential amplifiers, which yield high CMRR, often have
high differential gain and low common mode gain.

2. Do you see an improvement in the CMR in step 8? Comment.

-Certainly, as the CMR rises, the rejection improves and the output
voltage decreases.

CONCLUSION:
To conclude the common mode rejection ratio of a 741 Op-amp could be
determined when this experiment was finished. As a result, the output voltage
drops and the rejection increases as the CMR increases.