Test Bank for Living Physical Geography 1st Edition Gervai

1464106649 9781464106644
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1. How many EF5 tornadoes have been recorded in the United States in the last 60 years?
A) 40
B) 50
C) 60
D) 70

2. A multicell thunderstorm is an example of a __________ event.

A) microscale
B) mesoscale
C) synoptic-scale
D) global-scale

3. A hurricane is an example of a __________ event.

A) microscale
B) mesoscale
C) synoptic-scale
D) global-scale

4. A single-cell thunderstorm is an example of a __________ event.

A) microscale
B) mesoscale
C) synoptic-scale
D) global-scale

5. A supercell thunderstorm is an example of a __________ event.

A) microscale
B) mesoscale
C) synoptic-scale
D) global-scale

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 6. A midlatitude cyclone is an example of a __________ event.
A) microscale
B) mesoscale
C) synoptic-scale
D) global-scale

7. Which events have the greatest duration?

A) microscale events
B) mesoscale events
C) synoptic-scale events
D) global-scale events

8. Which events have the shortest duration?

A) microscale events
B) mesoscale events
C) synoptic-scale events
D) global-scale events

9. Each day there are about __________ thunderstorms worldwide.

A) 10,000
B) 20,000
C) 30,000
D) 40,000

10. Which state has the most thunderstorms?

A) California
B) Florida
C) Colorado
D) Mississippi

11. Which state has the fewest thunderstorms?

A) California
B) Florida
C) Colorado
D) Mississippi

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12. Which region has the greatest number of thunderstorms?
A) equatorial Africa
B) equatorial South America
C) the foothills of the Himalayas
D) Indonesia

13. There is a region of high thunderstorm activity in Colorado because of __________.

A) the Great Plains
B) the warm Gulf of Mexico
C) the Rocky Mountains
D) the cold Pacific Ocean

14. The western states have few thunderstorms because of __________.

A) the Great Plains
B) the warm Gulf of Mexico
C) the Rocky Mountains
D) the cold Pacific Ocean

15. Which air mass will form over a warm ocean?

A) mT
B) cT
C) mP
D) cP

16. Which air mass will form over a cool ocean?

A) mT
B) cT
C) mP
D) cP

17. Which air mass will form over a warm continent?

A) mT
B) cT
C) mP
D) cP

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18. Which air mass will form over a cold continent?
A) mT
B) cT
C) mP
D) cP

19. Which sequence is the correct order of single-cell thunderstorm development?

A) mature—cumulus—dissipating
B) cumulus—mature—dissipating
C) dissipating—cumulus—mature
D) cumulus—dissipating—mature

20. About how long do single-cell thunderstorms typically last?

A) 1 hour
B) 2 hours
C) 4 hours
D) 6 hours

21. Which is not one of the criteria used to determine whether a thunderstorm is severe or
not?
A) hail size
B) tornado presence
C) wind speed
D) lightning frequency

22. About __________ percent of the thunderstorms in the United States are severe.
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40

23. Individual thunderstorms in a multicell system persist for about __________ hour(s).
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 6

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24. Which setting is least likely to form a multicell thunderstorm?
A) squall lines
B) mesoscale convective systems
C) within the interior of air masses
D) on the boundary of air masses

25. A derecho is formed when a gust front has 93 kilometers per hour winds or greater and
is __________ kilometers in length.
A) 100
B) 200
C) 300
D) 400

26. __________ is the most common form of lightning.

A) Cloud-to-cloud
B) Cloud-to-ground
C) Heat lightning
D) Nighttime lightning

27. A __________ is sand that has been fused by lightning.

A) derecho
B) fulgurite
C) thermocline
D) squall line

28. About __________ people are struck by lightning each year in the United States.
A) 300
B) 400
C) 500
D) 600

29. Which is the safest if caught outdoors in a lightning storm?

A) on the top of a mountain
B) playing golf
C) hiding under an isolated tall tree
D) sheltering in a car

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30. If there is a 6-second delay between the sound of thunder and a discharge of lightning,
about how many kilometers distant was the lightning bolt?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

31. What is a mesocyclone?

A) a rotating updraft in a thunderstorm
B) another name for a hurricane
C) a midlatitude cyclone
D) a name for a tornado in Australia

32. A __________ is the lowest portion of a mesocyclone.

A) down draft
B) fulgurite
C) wall cloud
D) supercell

33. An EF3 tornado is associated with __________ to structures and trees.

A) moderate damage
B) severe damage
C) devastating damage
D) incredible damage

34. An EF4 tornado is associated with __________ to structures and trees.

A) moderate damage
B) severe damage
C) devastating damage
D) incredible damage

35. For what minimum tornado categories are cars lifted off the ground?
A) EF2
B) EF3
C) EF4
D) EF5

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36. What percentage of tornadoes in the United States are EF0 and EF1?
A) 1 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 80 percent

37. What percentage of tornadoes in the United States are EF4 and EF5?
A) 1 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 80 percent

38. About what percentage of tornado damage in the United States is caused by EF4 and
EF5 tornadoes?
A) 25 percent
B) 55 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 90 percent

39. Most tornadoes in the United States occur __________.

A) January to March
B) March to April
C) April to July
D) July to August

40. Most tornadoes in the United States occur __________.

A) before noon
B) from noon to 2:00 pm
C) 2:00 to 4:00 pm
D) 4:00 to 6:00 pm

41. Most tornadoes in the United States last about __________ minutes.
A) 5
B) 20
C) 45
D) 60

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42. The United States experiences about __________ tornadoes per year.
A) 500
B) 1,200
C) 1,700
D) 2,000

43. Most strong tornadoes in the United States occur __________.

A) west of the Rocky Mountains
B) east of the Appalachian Mountains
C) in Canada
D) between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains

44. A tornado watch is issued for a region when __________.

A) a tornado has been seen
B) conditions are favorable for supercell thunderstorms
C) conditions are favorable for single-cell thunderstorms
D) conditions are favorable for strong wind shear

45. A tornado warning is issued for a region when __________.

A) a tornado has been seen
B) conditions are favorable for supercell thunderstorms
C) conditions are favorable for single-cell thunderstorms
D) conditions are favorable for strong wind shear

46. A Doppler radar hook echo indicates the presence of what?

A) heavy downpours
B) heavy hail
C) a tornado
D) a hurricane

47. Which is the least safe place to be during a strong tornado?

A) the basement
B) near a window
C) under a mattress
D) an interior room

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48. If you are caught in a car in a tornado, which act should not be done?
A) park the car on the side of the road
B) keep the seat belt on
C) put your head below the window level
D) try to drive through the tornado

49. Hurricane strength comes from __________.

A) the absorption of latent heat through evaporation
B) the trade winds
C) the release of latent heat through condensation
D) ocean currents

50. Tropical waves develop in the __________.

A) trade winds
B) doldrums
C) westerlies
D) subpolar low

51. Tropical waves give rise to __________.

A) tropical depressions
B) tropical storms
C) tropical disturbances
D) hurricanes

52. Which sequence is the correct order of hurricane development?

A) tropical storm—tropical disturbance—tropical depression—hurricane
B) tropical disturbance—tropical depression—tropical storm—hurricane
C) tropical depression—tropical disturbance—tropical storm—hurricane
D) tropical disturbance— tropical storm—tropical depression—hurricane

53. Closed rotation first begins in a __________.

A) tropical depression
B) tropical storm
C) tropical disturbance
D) hurricane

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54. A category 1 hurricane has wind speeds over __________ kilometers per hour.
A) 100
B) 119
C) 154
D) 250

55. Which hurricane category brings “extensive” damage?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

56. Which hurricane category has pressure between 920 and 944 millibars?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

57. A category 5 hurricane has wind speeds over __________ kilometers per hour.
A) 100
B) 119
C) 154
D) 250

58. The __________ is the system used to rank hurricanes.

A) enhanced Fujita scale
B) Saffir-Simpson scale
C) Beaufort wind-force scale
D) ocean wind-force scale

59. For hurricanes to form, seawater generally must be about __________ degrees Celsius
at the surface.
A) 21
B) 23
C) 26
D) 28

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60. Warm seawater must extend to about __________ meters in depth for hurricanes to
persist.
A) 60
B) 80
C) 100
D) 110

61. Which hurricane monitoring system provides information about seawater temperatures
beneath the surface of the ocean?
A) satellites
B) aircraft reconnaissance and dropsondes
C) marine buoys
D) Doppler radar

62. Which region experiences the most and the strongest tropical cyclones (hurricanes)?
A) the western Pacific Ocean
B) the eastern Pacific Ocean
C) the western Atlantic Ocean
D) the Indian Ocean

63. Which region experiences the most deadly tropical cyclones (hurricanes)?
A) the western Pacific Ocean
B) the eastern Pacific Ocean
C) the western Atlantic Ocean
D) the Indian Ocean

64. Why does the equator never experience tropical cyclones (hurricanes)?
A) because there is no Coriolis force
B) because the water is too warm
C) because there is not enough ocean
D) because the water is too cool

65. Why do tropical cyclones (hurricanes) not form near South America?
A) because there is no Coriolis force
B) because the water is too warm
C) because there is not enough ocean
D) because the water is too cool

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66. Generally, which aspect of hurricanes is most dangerous?
A) sustained high winds
B) inland flooding
C) coastal flooding
D) warm seawater

67. A __________ is a rise in sea level caused by high winds and low atmospheric pressure.
A) storm surge
B) nor'easter
C) hurricane
D) squall line

68. A __________ occurs when a warm air mass advances on a relatively cold air mass.
A) warm front
B) midlatitude cyclone
C) hurricane
D) cold front

69. A __________ occurs when a cold air mass advances on a relatively warm air mass.
A) warm front
B) midlatitude cyclone
C) hurricane
D) cold front

70. Which air mass is a midlatitude cyclone cold sector composed of?
A) mT
B) cT
C) mP
D) Air masses do not make up midlatitude cyclone cold sectors.

71. Which is unlikely to be produced by a warm front?

A) gentle frontal slope
B) precipitation is steady and prolonged
C) a progression of clouds, beginning with high-altitude cirrus and ending with low-
altitude nimbostratus
D) a cold air mass after the front has passed

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72. Which is unlikely to be produced by a cold front?
A) multicell thunderstorms
B) brief and intense showers
C) precipitation from nimbostratus
D) a squall line

73. Which sequence puts the stages of midlatitude cyclone development in the correct
order?
A) stationary wave—stationary front—midlatitude cyclone— occluded front
B) stationary front—stationary wave—midlatitude cyclone—occluded front
C) midlatitude cyclone—stationary front—stationary wave— occluded front
D) occluded front—stationary front—stationary wave—midlatitude cyclone

74. Which cannot strengthen a midlatitude cyclone?

A) a Rossby wave trough
B) upper-level divergence
C) upper-level convergence
D) a rising central air column

75. The Pacific Northwest in North America is likely to experience __________ weather
from El Niño.
A) warm
B) wet and warm
C) dry
D) dry and warm

76. Indonesia is likely to experience __________ from El Niño.

A) warm
B) wet and warm
C) dry
D) dry and warm

77. The Southeastern United States is likely to experience ___________ from El Niño.
A) warm
B) wet and cool
C) dry
D) dry and warm

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78. Southeastern Africa is likely to experience __________ from El Niño.
A) warm
B) wet and cool
C) dry
D) dry and warm

79. Peru and Ecuador are likely to experience __________ from El Niño.
A) drought
B) flooding rains
C) heat waves
D) fires

80. Western Australia is likely to experience __________ from El Niño.

A) typhoons
B) flooding rains
C) heat waves
D) fires

81. Which does not occur when an El Niño year occurs?

A) a reversal of the trade winds
B) migration of warm water eastward across the equatorial Pacific Ocean
C) deepening of the thermocline near Indonesia and Australia
D) reversed Walker circulation

82. In recent decades the intensity of El Niño has __________.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) remained the same
D) cycled between high and low states

83. El Niños and La Niñas occurred during about __________ of the last 50 years.
A) 8
B) 10
C) 25
D) 30

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 84. The most hurricane-prone state in the United States is __________.
A) Louisiana
B) Mississippi
C) North Carolina
D) Florida

85. The long-term average number of hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean is __________.
A) increasing
B) decreasing
C) not changing significantly
D) unknown

86. Which factor was not cited in this chapter as one that could decrease the number of
hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean?
A) wind shear
B) La Niña
C) El Niño
D) warmer ocean temperatures

Use the following to answer question 87:

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