A

Micro project report on

AUTOMATIC FAN CONTROLLER

Submitted to the CMR Institute of technology in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the

Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

I-B-TECH I-SEMESTER
In

FRESHMAN ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Submitted by
CH.PRANAY KUMAR 23R01A0577
CH.SOLOMAN SANJIV 23R01A0578
CH.GANESH 23R01A0579
Under the Guidance of

Mr. M.VENKATESH
(Assistant professor, H&S Department)
Freshman Engineering Department

CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(UGC AUTONOMOUS)

(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH, Kukatpally, Hyd)

Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A’ Grade,
Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, Hyderabad.
A.Y. : 2023-2024

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 CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(UGC AUTONOMOUS)

(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH, Kukatpally, Hyd)

Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A’ Grade,
Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, Hyderabad.
DEPARTMENT OF FRESHERMAN ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that a Micro project entitled with: “AUTOMATIC-FAN” is being submitted
by

CH.PRANAY KUMAR (23R01A0577)

CH.SOLOMON SANJIV (23R01A0578)
CH.GANESH (23R01A0759)
In partial fulfilment of the requirement for completion of the “Basic Electrical and
Electronics Engineering” of I-Btech. I-semester in fresherman engineering towards a record
of a bonafide work carried out under guidance and supervision.

Signature of Signature of HOD

Mr.M.VENKATESH Dr.Radha Krishna Reddy
(Assistant professor, H&S Department) (Head of department,H&S Department)

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 DECLARATION

We, the students of I B-Tech of Computer science and engineering , CMR

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Kandlakoya, Hyderabad, hereby declare, that
under the supervision of our course coordinators, we have independently carried out the
project titled “AUTOMATIC FAN CONTROLLER” and submitted the report during
the academic year 2023-2024.

CH.PRANAY KUMAR (23R01A0577)

CH.SOLOMON SANJIV (23R01A0578)
CH.GANESH (23R01A0579)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely grateful to Dr. M. JANGAREDDY, DIRECTOR .

Dr.B.SATYANARAYANA, PRINCIPAL and Dr.RADHAKRISHNA REDDY , HEAD OF
THE CSE DEPARTMENT , Freshman Engineering Department , CMR Institute of
Technology for their inspiration and valuable guidance during entire duration .
We are extremely thankful to our in-charge for Basic Electrical and Electronics
Engineering Mr. Mr.M.VENKATESH, CSE Freshman Engineering department , CMR
Institute of Technology for his constant guidance , encouragement and moral support
throughout the project .
We express our thanks to all staff members and friends for all the help and coordination
extended in bringing out this project successfully in time.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:

S.NO TITLE PAGE NUMBER

1. ABSTRACT 6

2. INTRODUCTION 7

3. APPARATUS REQUIRED 7

4. WORKING 11

5. ADVANTAGES 12

6. DISADVANTAGES 12

7. APPLICATIONS 12

8. OUTPUT 13

9. CONCLUSION 13

10. FUTURE SCOPE 13

11. REFERENCE 14

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ABSTRACT:
Automatic Fan speed Controller as its name suggest it will automatically On or OFF the Fan
according to the set point of the room temperature. The circuit presents the design,
construction, development and control of automatic switching electric fan. the idea is based
on the problem occurs in human’s life now a days by improving the existing technology.
Automatic controls play an ever-increasing role in a human way of life. Automatic control is
vast technological area whose central aim is to develop control strategies that improve
performance when they applied to a system. the distinct characteristic of automatic control is
that it reduces the human operator.

One such gadget is the fan. The fans are generally available with speed control, depending on
the requirement the speed is set. Usually, when the temperature is high the fan set at high
speed and at lower temperatures the fan is operated with lower speed. This is done manually
using human.
In this paper, an automatic control solution is suggested to control the fan speed. A circuit
with LM35DZ temperature sensor, PIC16F877A microcontroller, brush less DC motor and
few of electronic components is designed and implemented to control the fan speed
automatically. As an additional feature LCD is used to present the temperature and the fan
speed. Finally, the designed system circuit is tested in many times and performed very well.

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INTRODUCTION:

Automatic fan controller automatically regulates the speed of the fan according to the
temperature inside the room. Due to sudden changes in atmosphere because of pollution, we
feel hot and after some time we feel cold. And we have to regulate the speed of fan. Hence to
solve this problem we have described this simple circuit. This Automatic fan speed controller
circuit is very useful in night especially in summers. In summers initially at night temperature
is high and as time progresses temperature stops dropping. When you fall asleep metabolic
rate of your body decreases and we started felling cold and this make break your sleep as you
have to regulate the speed of fan. So just connect the outputs to the regulator of your fan
through this circuit and it will automatically change the fan speed and you can sleep
comfortably.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1) 12V Fan

2) BD140 Transistor (NPN)

3) 9V battery

4) 104K OR 500K Potentiometer

5) Thermistor (NTC) 10k

6) Bread board or PCB
7) Connecting wires

12 V FAN:

A 12 Fan may become your best friend if you are an RV owner and ride around
frequently. They are great alternatives for AC. We put together this short review
guide so that you can select the best fan for your RV.

Fig.(i) fan

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BD140 Transistor (NPN):
The BD140 is a PNP Epitaxial Planar Transistor that is mounted in the SOT-32
plastic package. They are designed for audio amplifiers and drivers utilizing
`complementary or quasi-complementary circuits. The NPN complement is
BD139 and this transistor comes with a VCE of -80V and a continuous collector
current of -1.5A. It can be used as a small signal switching transistor. Moreover,
it has a low base voltage of -5V.

Fig.(ii) BD140 Transistor pinout

9 Volt Battery:
The 9V battery is an extremely common battery that was first used in transistor
radios. It features a rectangular prism shape that utilizes a pair of snap
connectors which are located at the top of the battery. A wide array of both
large and small battery manufacturers produce versions of the 9V battery.
Possible chemistries of primary (non-rechargeable) 9V batteries include
Alkaline, Carbon-Zinc (Heavy Duty), Lithiu

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104K OR 500K Potentiometer:

A 500K pot provides the most resistance, so high frequencies from your signal
are not bled to ground as easily as a 250K pot. Similarly, the 250K pot
contributes less resistance and thus bleeds more high frequencies to ground.

Fig.(iv) potentiometer
Thermistor (NTC) 10k:

Thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance is strongly dependent on

temperature more than in standard resistors. The word is a combination of
thermal and resistor. Thermistors are widely used as inrush current limiters,
temperature sensors (negative temperature coefficient or NTC type typically),
self-resetting overcurrent protectors, and self-regulating heating elements
(positive temperature coefficient or PTC type typically). An operational
temperature range of a thermistor is dependent on the probe type and is
typically between -100 ⁰C and 300⁰C.

Fig.(v) thermistor

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Bread board or PCB:
A breadboard is a type of prototyping that requires no soldering connections.
This will make them less permanent compared to a PCB. Breadboards have
sockets that you push the components into, allowing you to remove and change
them if needed. A breadboard will be more for designing, experimenting and
testing circuit connections before making it permanent.

Fig.(vi) PCB and Bread board

Connecting wires:
A connecting wire allows travels the electric current from one point to another
point without resistivity. Resistance of connecting wire should always be near
zero. Copper wires have low resistance and are therefore suitable for low
resistance. They conduct electricity and provide a low-resistance path for
electricity to flow through. Electrical wires consist of a single conductor, and
cables hold multiple wires inside them.

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 Fig.(vii). Connecting wires

Working:
The project Automatic Fan speed Controller as its name suggest it will
automatically On/ OFF the Fan according to the set point of the room
temperature. It is very compact, small size circuit designed using few
components.
Whenever the thermistor gets the heat then its resistance will start reducing and
once it reaches the fixed value then MOSFET will switch ON & enable the DC
fan. Once the temperature value drops under the fixed value then MOSFET will
turn OFF & disable the DC fan.
Thermistors are bead like resistors available from 100 ohms to 10K or more values. In this
circuit, a 10K NTC Thermistor is used. A small DC fan increases or decreases its speed as
per the temperature change. When the temperature decreases below a certain level, Fan
automatically turns off.

Fig.(viii) Circuit diagram

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 Fig.(ix).circut on bread board

Advantages:
• Very economical and easy to handle by the user.

• Smart automation.

• Helpful to disabled people.

• Save energy by slowing down its speed in low temperature.

Disadvantages:
• Speed control is independent of individual preference.

• Micro controller is the heart of the circuit, if controller is damaged then the whole circuit will
be interrupted.

Applications:
• It can be implemented for several applications like air conditioners, water
heaters.

• Also used in ovens, heat-exchangers, mixers, furnaces.

• It is also used in incubators, thermal baths.

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Output:
A temperature controlled DC Fan system automatically turns on the DC fan
when the ambient temperature increases.

Fig.(x) Practical circuit

Conclusion:
This project elaborates the design and construction of fan speed control system
to control the room temperature and turned on/off control automatically with
the human detection. The temperature sensor was carefully chosen to gauge the
room temperature, and motion sensor was chosen for detect the human Besides,
the microcontroller had been used to control the fan speed using the fan speed in
rpm. Moreover, the fan speed will increase automatically if the temperature room
is increased.

As conclusion, the system which designed in this work was perform very well,
for any temperature change and can be classified as automatic control.

Future scope:
This project can be used in both the home and Industry. It helps in saving the energy and
electricity.

 To watch the environments that is not comfortable, or possible, for humans to monitor,
especially for extended periods of time.

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 Prevents waste of energy when it’s not hot enough for a fan to be needed.

 To assist people who are disabled to adjust the fan speed automatically.

 In future case we can monitor more parameters like humidity, light and at the same
time control them and also can send this data to a remote location using mobile or
internet.

Reference:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

www.ti.com/product/LM35

www.learningaboutelectronics.com

https://components101.com/lm35-temperature-sensor

https://circuitdigest.com/.../16x2-lcd-display-module

https://www.engineersgarage.com/.../16x2-lcd-module

https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-transistor

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