Name:

Student ID:

MS2203 Electric Motors and Drivers

Module 3 – AC Motor

A. Learning Objectives
 Students have understanding about 1-phase and 3-phase grid.
 Students understand the characteristics of 1-phase and 3-phase AC motor and how it works.

B. 1-Phase AC Motor Practicum

1. 1-phase electric source measurement
Conduct an electric voltage source measurement by using Multimeter.

Figure 1. Schematic of voltage source measurement

2. 1-phase AC motor specifications

Fill in the table below based on the motor’s name tag!
Table A. 1-phase AC motor specifications
Specification Value Unit
Voltage
Current
Frequency
Pole
Output Power
Rotational Speed

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3. Slip calculation
Based on the motor’s specifications, calculate the motor slip percentage.
120𝑓
𝑛= (1 − 𝑠 )
𝑝
where,
𝑛 = rotational speed (RPM),
𝑓 = grid frequency (Hz),
𝑝 = pole, and
𝑠 = slip.
Answer: 𝑠 = ____________ %

4. How 1-phase AC motor works

On this laboratory work, the motor that will be utilized is capable to have directional control
as it has 3 cables (not include the ground), namely Cable 1, Cable 2, and Cable 6 as shown in
Figure 2. Cable 1 and Cable 2 are going to be connected with 1-phase electric source, while
Cable 6 must be connected to either Cable 1 or Cable 2. Cable 6 will control the rotational
direction of the motor.

Figure 2. Physical appearance of AC motor’s terminal and it’s wiring scheme

The motor will be controlled by contactor. Figure 3(a) shows the physical appearance of the
contactor, meanwhile Figure 3(b) shows it’s symbol. The symbol of contactors shows that

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contactor contains of coil and four switches. If there is no electric voltage in the coil, the
switches are in the NO (Normally Open) condition. In addition, all switches will be
connected if there is 220 Volt difference between A an B.

Low current
(for control
purpose)

High current

Figure 3. Physical appearance of contactor and it’s wiring diagram

A. Push button
Make a circuit to turn on the AC motor using a contactor and push button in the circuit.
Having this circuit, the motor will run as long as the push button (ON button) is pressed
and the motor will stop as the push button is realeased. Draw the circuit in Figure 4.

B. Push button as switch

Make a circuit to turn on the AC motor, such that it will turn on when the on button (NO)
is pressed and it will be on as the on button is released, and it will be stopped when the
off button (NC=Normally Closed) is pressed. Draw the circuit in Figure 5.

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 Contactor

Figure 4. Push button and 1-phase AC motor circuit

Contactor

Figure 5. Push button as switch and 1-phase AC motor circuit

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5. Reverse the rotational direction of 1-phase AC motor
Figure 6 shows how to reverse the rotational direction of 1-phase AC motor. The motor will
run Counter Clockwise (CCW) if Cable 6 connects with Neutral terminal (Cable 2). but the
motor will run Clockwise (CW) if Cable 6 connects with Live terminal (Cable 1). Notes:
reversing the electric source polarity won’t change the rotational direction of the motor.

Figure 6. Instruction how to reverse the rotational direction of AC motor

Make a circuit to reverse the rotational direction of 1-phase AC motor, using two contactors
and one switch. (Assume: no low current terminal on the contactor.) Draw the circuit below!

Contactor 1 (forward)

Contactor 2 (Reverse)

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 Why reversing the electric source polarity doesn’t guarantee to reverse the rotational
direction of the motor?
Answer: ______________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C. 3-Phase AC Motor Practicum

1. 3-phase electric source measurement
a) Line-to-neutral voltage source measurement
Conduct a voltage measurement of 3 phase electrical grid, using Multimeter. The
measurement has to be done twice. The first measurement is between line to neutral,
while the second is between line to line.

Figure 7. Schematic of line-to-neutral voltage source measurement

Figure 8. Schematic of line-to-line voltage source measurement

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2. 3-phase AC motor specifications
Fill in the table below based on the motor’s name tag!
Table B. 3-phase AC motor specifications
Specification Value Unit
Voltage
Current
Frequency
Pole
Output Power
Rotational Speed

3. Slip calculation
Based on the motor’s specifications, calculate the motor slip percentage
120𝑓
𝑛= (1 − 𝑠 )
𝑝
where,
𝑛 = rotational speed (RPM),
𝑓 = grid frequency (Hz),
𝑝 = pole, and
𝑠 = slip.
Answer: 𝑠 = ____________ %

4. How 3-phase AC motor works

Figure 9 shows the connection of 3-phase AC motor. There are six terminals, namely U1, U2,
V1, V2, W1, and W2. These six terminals are the end of each coil, Terminal U1 and Terminal
U2 are the end of coil U, Terminal V1 and Terminal V2 are the end of coil V, Terminal W1
and Terminal W2 are the end of coil W. These three coils can be arranged to create a Wye-
circuit or Δ-circuit (read as delta circuit). Firstly, students will learn Wye-circuit in this
module and then Δ-circuit will be studied in the next module.

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 Figure 9. Physical appearance of AC motor’s terminals and it’s wiring diagram

Figure 10 shows the configuration of Wye-circuit, it can be seen that:

 Voltage source L1 will be connected to Terminal U1
 Voltage source L2 will be connected to Terminal V1
 Voltage source L3 will be connected to Terminal W1
 Terminal U2, V2, and W2 are connected each other

Figure 10. Wye-circuit configuration in 3-phase AC motor

a) Push button
Make a circuit to control 3-phase AC motor, using contactor and push button (NO) in the
circuit. Having this circuit, the motor will run as long as the push button (ON button) is
pressed. The motor will stop if the push button is realeased. Draw the circuit on the
following worksheet.

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 Contactor

b) Push button as switch

Make a circuit to control the 3-phase AC motor, such that it will turn on when the on
button (NO) is pressed and it will be on as the on button is released, and it will be stopped
when the off button (NC) is pressed. Draw the circuit on the following worksheet.

Contactor

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5. Reverse the rotational direction of 3-phase AC motor
Figure 11 illustrates how to reverse the rotational direction in 3-phase AC motor. The
rotational direction will change if the voltage sources of two terminals are changed. For
example, as shown in the figure, the motor will run in CW direction if coil V connects to
source L2 and coil W connects to L3. However, it will run in CCW direction if coil V connects
to L3 and coil W connects to source L2.

Figure 11. Instruction how to reverse the rotational direction of 3-phase AC motor

Make a circuit to reverse the rotational direction of 3-phase AC motor, using two contactors
and one switch. Draw the circuit on the following worksheet.

Contactor 1 (forward)

Contactor 2 (reverse)

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6. Example: Industrial wiring diagram
Figure 12 shows the industrial wiring diagram for 3-phase AC motor.

Wiring Diagram Single Line Diagram

Figure 12. industrial wiring diagram for 3-phase AC motor.

a) Explain briefly how does this diagrams work?

Answer: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

b) Why will the system never turn to short circuit condition as FWD START and REV START
are pressed in the same time?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

c) What kind of contactor is needed to make the diagrams work properly?

Answer: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

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