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Look to open access publications and conferences to reflect a more inclusive collection. Come up
with headings or subheadings that reflect patterns or major themes you identified. A good starting
point could be to look at some examples, depending on what kind of literature review you’d like to
write. Each has a different criterion for defining what it is and the boundaries within which it
functions. To begin organizing your literature review’s argument and structure, be sure you
understand the connections and relationships between the sources you’ve read. Chronological The
simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time. This article has been adapted
into lecture slides that you can use to teach your students about writing a literature review.
Summarize and synthesize Remember to summarize and synthesize your sources within each
paragraph as well as throughout the review. How to write review of related literature (RRL) in
research A review of related literature (a.k.a RRL in research) is a comprehensive review of the
existing literature pertaining to a specific topic or research question. Nayyar, (1987) studied india’s
export performance for the period 1970-85 as well as. In stand-alone reviews, there may be
significantly more texts and more concepts. One method is to interpret how or why specific
developments occurred. You must refer to various sources when making a point; see the sample
paragraph above for an example of this. Both annotated bibliographies and literature reviews involve
the examination of scholarly sources. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore everything from
the definition of a literature review, its appropriate length, various types of literature reviews, and
how to write one. Read the Literature You Selected When you have researched your sources, you
will need to read and evaluate each of them in order to conduct the literature review. Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998; Jesson, Jill. Is it manageable? Begin writing down terms that are
related to your question. Trade (2006) analyzed that in Nepal, tea had potential to benefit large
segments of rural population and lift them out. Most valuably, it tells you how many times each
article has been cited, which gives you an idea of how credible (or at least, popular) it is. If your
journal club has exactly this sort of team, then you should definitely write a review of the literature.
Does the research use established frameworks or take an innovative approach. This will be useful for
making an argument about gaps in the research. The format of a literature review varies and depends
upon the length of the research. This is because the purpose of a literature review is to provide a
comprehensive overview of all the relevant existing research on a particular topic. Give your
interpretation of how and why certain developments occurred. If your journal club has exactly this
sort of team, then you should definitely write a review of the literature. The APA suggests including
between three and five keywords. An APA abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the
contents of an article, research paper, dissertation, or report. Magazines, on the other hand, are often
only beneficial as a starting point for your study because they contain news or broad information
about discoveries, policies, and other topics that may then be further studied in more specialized
sources.
The first step is to hunt down the relevant literature. Organising your argument Your literature
review should be a logical, well-structured argument organised into an introduction, body and
conclusion. Psychology experiments, however, may contain distinctive elements. Adam Beauchamp
maintains the guide and is the point of contact for inquiries. You should aim to cover a range of
different approaches. According to the official guidelines of the American Psychological
Association, an abstract should be brief but packed with information. Pay special attention to
methodologies so you can explain how they are similar to or different from your own. A well-written
literature review is an art form in and of itself. Under this method, you would combine the recent
studies on American whaling in the 19th century with Moby Dick itself in the 1800-1899 category,
even though the authors wrote a century apart. If the same authors, books or articles keep appearing
in your reading, make sure to seek them out. Identifies the important works in your area and shows
that you’ve read them. But there is still a lack of robust research on highly visual platforms like
Instagram and Snapchat—this is a gap that you could address in your own research. Reviews Tips for
Writing Literature Reviews Writing Literature Review: Useful Sites Citation Resources Other
Academic Writings What are Literature Reviews. A literature review does function as a summary of
sources, but it also allows you to analyze further, interpret, and examine the stated theories, methods,
viewpoints, and, of course, the gaps in the existing content. Each section would then summarize and
analyze relevant studies in those areas, highlighting key findings and identifying gaps in the
research. Alternatively, if you’re a fan of physical note-taking, investing in a large whiteboard might
work for you. This, in turn, can help them to develop their research study. We’ve written a step-by-
step guide that you can follow below. It would be best if you always take references from different
publications to validate your theory. While focus is an important feature of a successful review, this
requirement has to be balanced with the need to make the review relevant to a broad audience. Once
you’ve decided on the organizational method for the body of the review, the sections you need to
include in the paper should be easy to figure out. Vander and Wall (2008) examined the sustainability
issue in the tea sector for six. It describes what is currently known, understood, or agreed upon
regarding the research topic and highlights where there are still disagreements. Identifies critical
gaps and points of disagreement. Statistically significant risk markers for these problems across both
phases of education were being male, eligibility for free school meals, being identified as a bully, and
lower academic achievement. For example, if you are reviewing literature about inequalities in
migrant health outcomes, key themes might include healthcare policy, language barriers, cultural
attitudes, legal status, and economic access. What sources have they cited to support their
conclusions. What other sections you include in the body is up to you. A review of related literature
about cyberbullying is another interesting option. Issues with the academic writing style and field-
specific terminology just make matters worse.
You might argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical
concepts to create a framework for your research. Once you’ve got a full first draft (however rough it
may be), step away from it for a day or two (longer if you can) and then come back at it with fresh
eyes. As you write, make sure to follow these tips: Summarise and synthesise: give an overview of
the main points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole. A literature review gathers
all of the information on a topic in one place, helping those new to the subject get an idea of the
current research. What is the purpose of the page for marketing, for information, for political
purpose. Specify the time frame, key themes, and relevant studies to focus your research. The
bibliography or reference section of sources you've already read, such as required readings in the
course syllabus, are also excellent entry points into your own research. Maybe you’re on the verge of
getting a doctorate and want a literature review to be just ideal. Is contrary data considered or is
certain pertinent information ignored to prove the author's point. That’s why you have no more
reason for fear of cyber attacks. In some cases, prior research is simply described and summarized; in
other cases, the writer compares, contrasts, and may even critique prior research (for example,
discusses their strengths and weaknesses). On a similar note, be explicit about the implications and
significance of your findings. This step will require reading the titles, abstracts, or conclusions to
identify the most relevant. The objective, method, results, and conclusions are presented one after
another in a simple, narrative manner. The RRL format in the Chicago style is as follows: Author-
date. Analysis: Involves critically evaluating and summarizing key findings, methodologies, and.
Then, you can clarify whether the literature review is part of a bigger effort or if it is a standalone
piece in this section. A literature review is important because it: Explains the background of research
on a topic. Of course, they may still be useful in helping you justify your topic, so they’ll likely have
a place somewhere in your dissertation or thesis. Demonstrates why a topic is significant to a subject
area. It requires extensive reading, plus you have to consider market trends and technological and
political changes, which tend to change in the blink of an eye. Long story short, this chapter is a
pretty big deal, which is why you want to make sure you get it right. Works consulted We consulted
these works while writing this handout. Some questions to ask: How are they organizing their ideas.
Like any other academic text, your literature review should have an introduction, a main body, and a
conclusion. Don’t be afraid to do more research if you discover a new thread as you’re writing. It
needs to integrate the existing research to show how it all fits together. The keywords should be
lowercase, unless the keyword is a proper noun. Creating them can provide inspiration for one’s own
research, as well as some practice in writing. The array of written assignments you might get while
studying Literature Review is stunning.
Where to find databases: use the tabs on this guide Find other databases in the Nursing Information
Resources web page More on the Medical Library web page. When you have multiple sources cited
in a paragraph, you are more likely to be synthesizing them (not always, but often Read more about
synthesis here. Download Word doc Download Google doc Before you begin searching for
literature, you need a clearly defined topic. For professionals, they are useful reports that keep them
up to date with what is current in the field. Next, validity characterizes the degree to which the
review process was conducted appropriately. You can reach out to the subject librarian for a
consultation. Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text Be assured that you'll submit
flawless writing. This helps you remember what you read and saves time later in the process. To this
end, they conducted a comprehensive search on multiple databases using highly sensitive search
strategies without language or publication-type restrictions to identify all rct s that are eligible for
inclusion. Write in well-structured paragraphs: use transitions and topic sentences to draw
connections, comparisons and contrasts. The abstract page of an APA paper can be presented in two
ways. As the author, you have the option of presenting your abstract in either paragraph format or
structured format. A literature review can be just a simple summary of the sources, but it usually has
an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis. You must prepare a list of
keywords and their different variations. On the other hand, the writing professional will present
original conclusions based on the already conducted research. If you want to know how to write a
literature review for a research paper, here are four common approaches that are often used by
researchers. New York: Longman. Troyka, Lynn Quittman, and Doug Hesse. 2016. Simon and
Schuster Handbook for Writers, 11th ed. Highlight any methodological limitations or biases. All too
often, we encounter literature reviews that, at first glance, look pretty good. To get the most from the
literature review process, you must keep all four points front of mind as you review the literature
(more on this shortly), or you’ll land up with a wonky foundation. If you are writing a literature
review as a stand-alone assignment, you will have to choose a focus and develop a central question
to direct your search. This step will help you work out the structure of your literature review and (if
applicable) show how your own research will contribute to existing knowledge. Pick one of these
themes to focus the organization of your review. There are five key steps to writing a literature
review: Writing a Literature Review A literature review is a document or section of a document that
collects key sources on a topic and discusses those sources in conversation with each other (also
called synthesis ). But there is still a lack of robust research on highly visual platforms like Instagram
and Snapchat—this is a gap that you could address in your own research. Use these successful
examples as a starting point for understanding how other writers have approached the challenging
and important task of situating their idea in the context of established research. Social media,
Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok Body image, self-perception, self-esteem, mental
health Generation Z, teenagers, adolescents, youth Search for relevant sources Use your keywords to
begin searching for sources. Follow this approach only if a clear path of research can be identified.
This saves time when you want to redo, or modify, the searches. This means drawing connections
between sources to create a picture of the scholarly conversation on a topic over time.
Get started today Go from raw data to valuable insights with a flexible research platform Editor’s
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Last updated: 10 April 2023 Latest articles Related topics. Qualitative research is based on language
and gathered using methods such as interviews and focus groups. A literature review allows you to
highlight essential ideas and methodologies while also highlighting gaps in whatever research
currently exists because it provides an overview of existing research. Some articles will be free to
access, while others will require an account, which brings us to the next method. It may be part of a
thesis, dissertation, or research paper. Unlike a dissertation research question, this question has to be
answerable without collecting original data. Try to write one to two sentences summarizing each
section of your paper. Whether the research theory used some conventional or new innovative
approach. For published papers, it also includes a list of keywords. In other words, a chronological
review would have subsections for each vital time period; a thematic review would have subtopics
based upon factors that relate to the theme or issue. When writing, keep in mind that literature
reviews are generally characterized by a summary style in which prior research is described
sufficiently to explain critical findings but does not include a high level of detail (if readers want to
learn about all the specific details of a study, then they can look up the references that you cite and
read the original articles themselves). In order to thrive, much less survive in a global information
economy — an economy where information functions as a. However, if you choose this strategy, be
careful to avoid simply listing and summarizing sources in order. But one of the most popular ways
to showcase your research is to publish your research. The extracted data must be presented in a
meaningful way that suggests a new contribution to the extant literature ( Jesson et al., 2011 ).
Webster and Watson (2002) warn researchers that literature reviews should be much more than lists
of papers and should provide a coherent lens to make sense of extant knowledge on a given topic.
There is an increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media. It should also include: The
research topic and your motivation behind selecting it A one-sentence thesis statement An
explanation of the kinds of literature featured in the review Summary of what you've learned
Conclusions you drew from the literature you reviewed Potential implications and future scope for
research Here's an example of the abstract of a literature review Is a literature review written in the
past tense. From India’, corresponding to the future analysis of the research. NOTE: Older students
tend to get the style and tone of a review quite quickly, while younger students often produce
something more like a book report in the early drafts. You might argue for the relevance of a specific
theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your
research. Integrative review It is a type of literature review focused on building a comprehensive
understanding of a topic by combining available theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence. For
example, if you use the term “adolescent” rather than “teen” in your paper, choose “adolescent” as
your keyword, not “teen.” Jargon and Acronyms: Avoid using too much-specialized jargon or
acronyms in your keywords, as these might not be understood or used by all researchers in your
field. Contextualization: Enables researchers to understand how their work fits into the broader
academic conversation and contributes to the existing body of knowledge. An annotated
bibliography is a list of source references that has a short description (called an annotation ) for each
of the sources. You might also be interested in our Blinkist review. Thematic Review: Thematic
reviews focus on identifying and analyzing themes or topics that cut across different studies. The
literature review section tends to be longer for secondary research projects than primary research
projects. Women who are diagnosed with breast cancer can experience an array of psychosocial
difficulties; however, social support, particularly from a spouse, has been shown to have a protective
function during this time. It’s seldom the case that everyone agrees on everything because the “truth”
is typically very nuanced and intricate in reality. On the one hand, if you take several years to
choose, several other people may have had the same idea in the meantime.
Some initial starting points: — Abstracts. — Course bibliographies in your module handbooks. —
List of references in textbooks, articles and so on. Why conduct a literature review, stages of a
literature review, lit reviews: an overview (video), check out these books. Define the scope and
purpose of the literature review. For example, if your paper discusses “post-traumatic stress
disorder,” you might include “PTSD” as a keyword. What might these results mean and what do
they reveal about the body of research that exists on this particular topic. Knowledge gaps: What
exactly does it fail to address, and how to bridge them with further research. Literature Reviews
Getting started What is a literature review. Literature reviews give an overview of knowledge on a
subject, helping you identify relevant theories and methods, as well as gaps in existing research.
Here’s an example of Nevenka’s research that was published in the November 2022 issue of the
journal. An official website of the United States government The.gov means it’s official. This is the
case when a progression revealed from study to study and the practices of researchers have changed
and adapted due to the new revelations. Adding keywords at the end of your abstract guides online
searches. Here again, if the same authors are being cited again and again, this may indicate no new
literature has been written on the topic. However, more usually it’s the part of an academic paper,
thesis or dissertation that sets out the background against which a study takes place. This handout
will explain what literature reviews are and offer insights into the form and construction of literature
reviews in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. The lesson plan has one local father speaking
out, calling it “educational malpractice.” As part of the Black Lives Matter at School Week, World
Literature and Composition students at Lincoln High School were given a handout with definitions
of the “9 characteristics of white supremacy,” according to the father of a student. You can do this
using Google Scholar, your university database, the snowballing technique and by reviewing other
dissertations and theses. Following the Basic Format A shortened version of your paper's title should
be aligned to the top left of the page. An explanation of the theoretical frameworks underpinning the
research. ? Significance of Review of Related Literature Although the goal of a review of related
literature differs depending on the discipline and its intended use, its significance cannot be
overstated. If you need help with assessing the credibility of any article, or with finding relevant
research in general, you can chat with one of our Research Specialists. When writing a literature
review, you’re doing the hard work it takes to become an expert on a subject. Here are a couple of
examples: The current trend in treatment for congestive heart failure combines surgery and medicine.
Are you an instructor who has received an exemplary literature review and have permission from the
student to post. Sampling methods Simple random sampling Stratified sampling Cluster sampling
Likert scales Reproducibility Statistics Null hypothesis Statistical power Probability distribution
Effect size Poisson distribution Research bias Optimism bias Cognitive bias Implicit bias Hawthorne
effect Anchoring bias Explicit bias A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as
books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question. Something to be
conducted at the end of your research. This provides the reader with context for reviewing the
literature. When you find a useful book or article, you can check the bibliography to find other
relevant sources. This is very good video which is well explained with detailed explanation Thank
you excellent piece of work and great mentoring Thanks, it was useful Thank you very much. The
narrower your topic, the easier it will be to limit the number of sources you need to read in order to
get a good survey of the material. Body-Literature Review - The importance use of oxytocin use in
obstetrics - The importance of Oxytocin use in postpartum haemorrhage - Oxytocin use by
paramedics - Summary.
Sample 1 (PDF) A brief literature review within a political scientists’ National Science Foundation
Graduate Research Fellowship grant Sample 2 (PDF) A several-page literature review at the
beginning of a published, academic article about philosophy Sample 3 (PDF) A brief literature
review at the beginning of a published, academic article about photochemistry Academic and
Professional Writing This is an accordion element with a series of buttons that open and close related
content panels. May I request that you email me the free template? Thank you. Taking a step back
from trying to decipher scientific jargon can help readers who don’t usually delve into scientific
research understand complex, complicated topics. Check out Hana’s research on invasive species and
their effects in drought times. For example: Qualitative versus quantitative research Empirical versus
theoretical reeview Divide the research by sociological, historical, or cultural sources Theoretical: In
many humanities articles, the literature review is the foundation for the theoretical revieew. Hamilton
found that people imagined 3.3 men to each woman in the masculine “generic” condition and 1.5
men per woman in the unbiased condition. While you probably already have a decent base of this
from your research proposal, you need to expand on this substantially in the dissertation or thesis
itself. Both authors independently reviewed each of the identified articles to determine eligibility
and extract study information. Come up with a list of relevant keywords and then start your search
with your institution's library catalog, and extend it to other useful databases and academic search
engines like: Google Scholar Science.gov ?? Our guide on how to collect data for your thesis might
be helpful at this stage of your research as well as the top list of academic search engines. What are
some back-ups if I don’t get published in my ideal journal. If your lit review is a standalone piece,
the introduction and conclusion take up more space and give you a place to discuss your goals,
research methods, and conclusions separately from where you discuss the literature itself. How to
format an apa abstract, paragraph format vs. How can you organize the flow of the main body of the
review so that the reader will be drawn into and guided through it. Write in well-structured
paragraphs: use transitions and topic sentences to draw connections, comparisons and contrasts. That
means no contractions or colloquialisms, concise language, formal tone, and an objective perspective
at all times. Final tips on how to write a literature review A massive chunk of time and effort is
required to write a good literature review. Analysis of agricultural subsectors contribution growth rate
in the agricultu. New York: Longman. Troyka, Lynn Quittman, and Doug Hesse. 2016. Simon and
Schuster Handbook for Writers, 11th ed. Invite students to begin writing the first draft of a review
based on the particular piece(s) of literature the class is studying. The main purpose of the study is to
identify the behavioral qualities that leaders need to have in order to best manage a school for Read
more Literature Leadership Theory Education Management Students Nursing Design Nurse Journal
Health Health Care 9 Pages Free Research Paper About Deaf History Deaf History, example of a
literature review essay. An RRL includes 3 main components: A short overview and critique of the
previous research. If you are writing the literature review as part of your dissertation or thesis,
reiterate your central problem or research question and give a brief summary of the scholarly context.
Writing a Review Writing reviews of the literature they read gives them a chance to express their
ideas while developing style and voice. This is the situation when you are asked to investigate the
existing state of research on your issue and then analyze and synthesize your results. Provides an
intellectual context for your own work, and enables you to position your project in relation to others
in the field. India.From his study he found that the trade liberalization offers potential benefits. The
journal has also been around for a decade and has a clear track record of producing alumni who go
on to work in STEM. You can argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical approach or combine
various theorical concepts to create a framework for your research. You can and should state your
findings, but do not attempt to justify them. Remember, the purpose of the literature review is to
build the theoretical foundation that will help you achieve your research aims and objectives, and
answer your research questions.