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Mae101 Exercises Guide 1
Mae101 Exercises Guide 1
Mae101 Exercises Guide 1
C ONTENTS
0. Review of functions 1
1. The limit laws 1
2. Defining the derivative 2
3. The fundamental theorem of calculus 2
4. Derivatives as rates of changes 2
5. Related rates 3
6. The mean value theorem 3
7. Maxima and minima 3
8. Newton’s method 3
9. Approximating areas 4
10. Improper integrals 4
0. R EVIEW OF FUNCTIONS
√
Problem 0.1. Choose f (x) and g(x) such that f ◦ g(x) = x3 + x.
√
Solution. By definition, f ◦ g(x) = f (g(x)). So f (x) = x, g(x) = x3 + x. □
1. T HE LIMIT LAWS
√ √
Problem 1.1. Find the limit limx→+∞ ( x2 + ax − x2 + bx).
√ √
The idea of the solution. Note that when x → +∞, both x2 + ax and x2 + bx tend to +∞, so we
can not use the limit laws √ this limit ((+∞) − (+∞) is non-sense). Therefore, we want
√ to compute
to eliminate the term x2 + ax − x2 + bx. □
Solution.
p p p p (a − b)x
x2 + ax − x2 + bx = x2 + ax + x2 + bx = √ √ .
(x2 + ax) − (x2 + bx) x2 + ax + x2 + bx
And the last term equals to √ a−b√ . It tends to a−b
1+1 = a−b
2 since limx→+∞ 1x = 0. □
1+ ax + 1+ bx
1
Problem 1.2. Find the value of limx→0+ 1+e1/x
.
5. R ELATED RATES
Problem 5.1. The radius r of a sphere is increasing at the rate of 0.2(cm/s). At what rate (in
cm3 /s) is the volume V of the sphere increasing when r = 3cm.
dV
= 4π .32 .0, 2 ≈ 22, 62.
dt
□
f ′ (c) = 0.
√
We have f ′ (c) = 1 − 54
c2
. It follows that c = 3 6 ≈ 7, 35. □
Solution. The critical numbers of a function f are the numbers c at which f are not differentiable
or such f ′ (c) = 0. In this problem, the function y are differentiable so we seek c such that f ′ (c) = 0.
We have f ′ (x) = (x−2x
2 +1)2 so c = 0. □
8. N EWTON ’ S METHOD
Problem 8.1. Use Newton’s method with the specified initial approximation x1 to find x3 , the third
approximation to the root of the given equation:
x3 − 3x + 2 = 0, x1 = 3.
Solution. We use CASIO calculator to solve this problem. The following is the typing:
3
−3A+2
3 STO A A- A 3A2 −3 STO A = .
Note that the formula in the big box is due to Newton’s formula:
3
xn−1 − 3xn−1 + 2
f (xn−1 )
xn = xn−1 − ′
= x n−1 − 2
.
f (xn−1 ) 3xn−1 −3
9. A PPROXIMATING AREAS
R5
Problem 9.1. Use the Simpson rule with n = 6 steps to approximate the integral 2 f (x) dx :
x 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5
f (x) 5 4 10 7 6 9 8
5−2
Solution. ∆x = 6 = 0, 5.
Z 5
∆x
f (x) dx ≈ ( f (2) + 4 f (2, 5) + 2 f (3) + 4 f (3, 5) + 2 f (4) + 4 f (4, 5) + f (5)) ≈ 20, 83.
2 3
□
Problem 9.2. Use the left-end point rule with n = 3 to approximate the integral:
Z 3
ex dx.
0
3−0
Solution. We have ∆x = 3 = 1. The left-end points are 0, 1, 2 so
Z 3
f (x) dx ≈ ∆x( f (0) + f (1) + f (2)).
0
Put f (x) = ex , we get the approximation 11, 11. □
Problem 9.3. Use the Trapezoidal Rule with n = 6 steps to approximate the integral
x 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5
f (x) 5 4 8 7 6 9 10
5−2
Solution. ∆x = 6 = 0, 5.
Z 5
∆x
f (x) dx ≈ ( f (2) + 2 f (2, 5) + · · · + 2 f (4, 5) + f (5)) = 20, 75.
2 2
□
diverges.
(3) When t < 6, we have
Z t
dx √ t √ √
√ = −2 6 − x = −2 6 − t + 2 6.
0 6−x 0
R 6 dx √ √ √
Hence 0 √6−x = limt→6− −2 6 − t + 2 6 = 2 6, so the integral converges.
(4) We use the comparison theorem. Since e1/x > 1 when x > 0, we have
e1/x 1
2
≥ 2.
x x
R1 1 1
1
We have t x2 dx = − x = −1 + 1t . Hence
t
Z 1
1 1
dx = lim+ −1 + = +∞.
0 x2 t→0 t
R 1 e1/x
Thus, 0 x2 also diverges.
(5) We compute
t
e−6x e−6t − 1
Z t
−6x
e dx = = .
0 −6 −6
0
As limt→−∞ e−6t = 0, we get
e−6t − 1 1
Z +∞
e−6x dx = lim = .
0 t→+∞ −6 6
Thus, the improper integral converges and equals to 61 .
(6) We use the comparison theorem to evaluate the improper integral. We have
1 + ln(x) 1
≥ ,
x x
as ln(x) ≥ 0 when x ≥ 1. On the other hand
Z t t
1
= ln |x| = ln |t|.
1 x 1
Hence, Z +∞
1
= lim ln |t| = +∞.
1 x t→+∞
It follows that 1+∞ 1+ln(x)
R
x also diverges.
□
E DUCATION Z ONE , H OA L AC H I - TECH PARK , K M 29, T HANG L ONG B OULEVARD , T HACH H OA , T HACH
T HAT, H A N OI , V IETNAM
Email address: bachnx9@fe.edu.vn