Title: Mastering Your Literature Review for Project Success

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It is important to learn from this discovery that teachers have to carefully select materials that contain
fewer, low-frequency words and more high-frequency words to intentionally and systematically
expose students to the target words. Wildlife Monographs 32:3-35. Cornell, D., and J. E. Cornely.
1979. Aversive conditioning of campground coyotes in Joshua Tree National Monument. It is also
reasonable and practical to teach the students in the Academic English Program with the AWL.
Given general differences in anatomy and behavior, I expected that the effectiveness of each fence
type would be species-specific. The proper sequence allows moving from one question to another,
avoiding chaos in writing. E.g., a body part in the standard literature review samples often is
organized chronologically, moving from the older findings to the newest research. Because most
deaths of these animals are caused by humans (Mattson et al. 1996, McLellan 1990, Wilson et al.
2005), conflicts have high consequences for bear recovery and demography. In addition, the reading-
plus group showed better knowledge of the target words than the reading-only group. The writer will
also Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using a Gantt. Analyzing the texts of the graded
readers may not be necessary because the entire point of those texts is to drill the words from the two
lists. The list was widely used by teachers and students because the words in the list were most
frequent in most academic texts. Objective My management question is whether a three-wire electric
fence will deter bears from entering an enclosure that contains an attractant. First of all, it can be
incorporated into the current curriculum of the ELC. Check only one box for each word, and do not
use a dictionary. Teams Enable groups of users to work together to streamline your digital publishing.
Impact of Technology on the Quality of Health Care The quality of health care is. In the process of
generating the second list, the frequency within the entire corpus was between 8 and 1 occurrences.
Just have a read so you may be able to or research paper. Most With our custom essay offer, literature
review of project report you can be sure to get literature review of project report any type of essay
help you are looking for. These 20 sites were selected based on 4 main criteria: 1) evidence of
previous bear occupancy, 2) little to no public access for safety purposes, 3) landowner permission,
and 4) attractive site characteristics such as even ground, ample sunshine to charge the fence
energizers, and no underbrush that might interfere with electric fences. These anthropogenic impacts
on bears have historically been deadly and have the potential to decrease local populations. The use
of bait was prohibited in 1948 (Mace and Chilton-Radandt 2011). Despite implications of electric
fences to deter bear movements and habitat use, there are potential negative demographic impacts to
bears resulting from conflicts that might occur if electric fences are not used to secure attractants.
The study concluded that the scores of those who completed the sentence writing activity were
significantly higher in the short term than those who only read extensively, and they also maintained
their higher scores when given a delayed test. These two professionally developed lists seem very
appropriate for the ELC at BYU where most of the students are eager to enter a university. My
primary objective was to evaluate the permeability of 3-wire electric fencing by grizzly bears and
black bears to identify a three-wire electric fencing design that deters both species of bear when
energized but allows passage when not energized. Thus if the sole objective of electric fencing is
deterring bears, then applying food smells to energized electric fences may increase the odds of nose
contact with the fence (Jordan and Richmond 1991). As you fill out your matrix, you will begin to
get a clearer view of how different sources are related, and recognise patterns that may not have
been immediately visible before. Many landowners and ranchers are replacing kilometers of old
barbed- wire with electric fences in the Blackfoot Valley, as well as looking to build electric fence
around large agricultural fields to keep bears out. In this respect, the administrators and staff at the
ELC, who have tried to build up the vocabulary imbedded in the curriculum, are heading in the right
direction to making it fully responsive to the needs of the students. It’s needed to give potential
readers an overview of the writing content, helping to decide whether their research determines it.
The first set of examples shows part of the Table of Contents, so that you can see the kind of
information included in a literature review. Bears: Their Biology and Management 57:427-433.
Welch, C. A., Keay, J., Kendall, K. C. and Robbins, C. T., 1997. Constraints on frugivory by bears.
Nation (2001) claims that this list contains the most crucial words that all beginning learners of
English should master because “these words cover a very large proportion of the running words in
spoken and written texts and occur in all kinds of uses of the language” (p. 13). For example, Nation
(2001) asserts that the first 1,000 words cover around 77% of words in most texts and the second
1,000 words cover approximately 5% of words in most academic texts. It has been suggested that
grizzly bears are better adapted to open habitats because of their aggression, large body size, and
long claws for digging, whereas black bears are better adapted to forested environments because of
their smaller body size and recurved claws that allow them to climb trees (Herrero 1972). The student
body that took the survey in Winter 2010 differed from that of Fall 2009. Cattle grazing is the
dominant land use on private lands in the Blackfoot. The main vocabulary instruction in the classes
before had been to develop the skill, called guessing from context. Out of the 83 students enrolled at
the ELC, 81 students participated in the second survey. The purpose of this numbering was to rank
the words in groups numerically, from the words that students claimed they knew down to the words
that they claimed they did not know. I would also like to thank the Montana State University
Wildlife Habitat Ecology Lab for their support throughout my graduate school career. In other
words, the ideal goal of the survey was to collect 500 word families that were essential and unknown
to the students after deleting the known words. Human-bear conflicts began to increase (Mace and
Chilton-Radandt 2011), and bear conflict specialists were hired to respond to livestock and bee yard
depredations. They gradually build up contexts and guessing skills during their lifetime. Grizzly
bears occupy extensive home ranges, and several studies show that home ranges typically vary
among sex and age classes (Mattson et al. 1990, McLellan and Shackleton 1988, Wielgus and
Bunnell 1994, 1995). I created five new pseudo words so that the students who took the first survey
would not recognize the pseudo words in the second survey. (See Appendix H for the second
survey). Since the material is based on only two surveys over two semesters, Fall 2009 and Page 34.
All together, 38 graded readers and three listening books were selected. (See Table 1 for the graded
reader titles). Articles Get discovered by sharing your best content as bite-sized articles. The test
consisted of two types: “a-word-in-context test and a word-in-isolation test” (p. 442). Their findings
were quite surprising and different from what most reading teachers would expect. Moreover, the
AWL consists of 570 word families, and “more than 94% of the words in the list occur in 20 or more
of 28 subject areas of the Academic Corpus” (Coxhead, 2000, p. 226). On account of the
professional development of the AWL, it has become the most essential list of words for academic
texts. STUDY AREA The study area is located in the Blackfoot Valley watershed of western
Montana (Figure 4). The Journal of Wildlife Management 67:405-413. Wielgus, R. B. and F. L.
Bunnell. 1995. Tests of hypotheses for sexual segregation in grizzly bears. The Journal of Wildlife
Management 41:845-860. Young, D. D. and J. J. Beecham. 1986. Black bear habitat use at Priest
Lake, Idaho. Rausch (1961) found that well fed captive black bears in Alaska developed more
rapidly than wild bears. Ursus 76:215- 224. Rausch, R. L. 1961. Notes on the black bear in Alaska,
with particular reference to dentition and growth. English Language Center. (2009). Curriculum
portfolio. Or the review might focus on the fundraising impact of the Internet on a particular political
party. Storer et al. (1938) designed an effective electric fence to reduce black bear depredation of bee
yards that has since been adapted to deter bears from chicken coops and small pastures for livestock
(Sillings 1989, Jonker 1998, Witmer 2001, Clark 2005, Otto 2013). In other words, the students
needed to learn lower frequency words from the second 1,000 GSL and apparently already knew
some words from the AWL. Producers have turned to a design of a minimum of five-wire electric
fence as their primary solution to reduce livestock depredation and to reduce raids of chicken houses
and beeyards.
Ursus 17:41-51. Debolt, B. 2001. Feasibility of using portable electric fencing to prevent damage to
livestock and apiaries by bears and other predators. Agricultural production is important to the
economy and livelihood of the Blackfoot Valley ranching community and while grizzly bears
currently are not impacting those crop fields economically, there is potential for that to occur with an
increasing population. Viability of grizzly bear populations is in large part contingent on survivorship
of adult females (Knight and Eberhardt 1984); when adult females experience an ongoing energetic
crisis due to suboptimal forage and stress, their weight and fecundity decrease and chances of
mortality increase (Mattson et al. 1987). Black Bear Population Status The black bear (Ursus
americanus) also has an extensive management history (Jonkel and Cowan 1971, MacHutchon 1989).
This was because the administration of the ELC decided that reading and listening were the main
modes through which explicit vocabulary instruction would be given. Check only one box for each
word, and do not use a dictionary. Analyses Repeated observations over time at the same enclosures
can produce autocorrelation in responses, a form of pseudoreplication (Hulbert 1984). For many
years they grow up in different environments, such as schools or homes with rich and natural
exposure to various words. The GSL by West (1953) contains 2,000 word families that cover almost
80% of the running words that are most frequent in general texts. The words in the lists are
absolutely indispensable for general and academic texts. They believe that native speakers recall the
original context of where they first encountered a new word when they read or hear the word a
second time. This statement indicates the trend to be addressed rather than presenting a new idea or
theory. Conclusion I have learned many valuable lessons from the process of developing this
material. Bears: Their Biology and Management 2:181- 190. Rode, K.D. and C. T. Robbins. 2000.
Why bears consume mixed diets during fruit abundance. As a result, regional development and
testing of electric fence should occur before best management practices are developed. He highly
recommends teaching the GSL words first, and then the AWL words to novice learners. Since Fall
2009, the Academic English Program has already implemented the AWL in classes and the words in
the list have been systemically taught and presented to the students through different classes and
activities. Construction, Management, Organization 1486 Words 7 Pages Coleman Literature Review
1 Literature Review Convicted Felons: Should they be allowed to vote. Adobe InDesign Design
pixel-perfect content like flyers, magazines and more with Adobe InDesign. This result implies how
difficult it would be for non-native speakers. Bears: Their Biology and Management 42:186-190.
Knight, R.R. and L.L. Eberhardt. 1984. Projected future abundance of the Yellowstone grizzly bear.
There are two kinds of literature reviews you might write at university: one that students are asked
to write as a stand-alone assignment in a course, often as part Read Free Literature Reviews On
Reading Response and other exceptional papers on every subject and topic college can throw at you.
Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, Helena, Montana USA. Less than 1,000 grizzly bears in the
lower 48 states were awarded protection under the Endangered Species Act in 1975. This is different
than a research paper in that a literary review does not add anything new to the field. A systematic
type of vocabulary instruction also became a critical part of the new ELC curriculum. However, since
the ELC’s curriculum had a drastic change in 2005, many of the programs within the curriculum
have been developed. There are potential ecological and conservation implications of widespread use
of electric fence. Jonkel and Cowan (1971) reported that reproduction in black bears approached zero
when huckleberries were scarce for three successive years in Montana. Given general differences in
anatomy and behavior, I expected that the effectiveness of each fence type would be species-
specific. These 20 sites were selected based on 4 main criteria: 1) evidence of previous bear
occupancy, 2) little to no public access for safety purposes, 3) landowner permission, and 4)
attractive site characteristics such as even ground, ample sunshine to charge the fence energizers, and
no underbrush that might interfere with electric fences.
What can you notice about how the students have organised their reviews. Livestock protection,
commercial trapping, unregulated hunting, and habitat degradation caused rapid population declines
from the 1800’s to the mid-1900’s (Wild and Brown 1986). Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife
and Parks, Helena Montana USA. Ayres, L. A., Chow, L. S. and D M. Graber. 1986. Black bear
activity patterns and human induced modifications in Sequoia National Park. Among them, Content
Based Instruction was launched in 2008, and in Fall 2009 the programs of the ELC shifted from five
levels to two main programs of three levels each: the English Foundations Program, consisting of
levels A, B, and C and the Academic English Program consisting of levels A, B, and C. Sternberg
(1987) shows his strong skepticism in the effectiveness of use of context clues for L2 learners. Every
year I supervise projects I find students tend to ask the same questions about their literature review.
Most. Black bears that successfully entered tall fence enclosures, regardless of whether they were
energized or not, did so by crawling under the bottom wire which was 56 cm from the ground.
Schorger (1946) reported an unusual influx of black bears into Duluth Minnesota during a shortage
of wild fruits. The Journal of Wildlife Management 72:552-560. Page 64. Every year I supervise
projects I find students tend to ask the same questions about their literature review. The sample was
drawn from 10 final year project reports written by final year engineering students at a university in
Singapore, in partial fulfillment for their B.Eng. degree. The reports surname). Since the thesis
statement within the outline is just for you, to start with, this statement can be something as simple
as the subject matter, and no more. Schwartz, C. C., Cain, S. L., Podruzny, S., Cherry, S. and L.
Frattaroli. 2010. Contrasting activity patterns of sympatric and allopatric black and grizzly bears. The
Foundations Program uses three textbooks and 65 graded readers to teach reading. There are two
kinds of literature reviews you might write at university: one that students are asked to write as a
stand-alone assignment in a course, often as part, Here you will find some examples from past
Honours theses. The Journal of Wildlife Management 56:1026- 1035. Shaffer, S. C., 1971. Some
ecological relationships of grizzly bears and black bears of the Apgar Mountains in Glacier National
Park, Montana. Page 62. These same 383 words comprised 38.3% of K2. The remaining 292 words
(43.2%) of the list comprised 51.2% of the words in the AWL. (See Table 3 for the profile of the
second wordlist). The purpose of this numbering was to rank the words in groups numerically, from
the words that students claimed they knew down to the words that they claimed they did not know.
This insight taught me that I should lower the cutoff score of frequency and range and create a new
list of words for the second survey without adding words from the first 1,000 words in the GSL.
Grizzly bear spatial and temporal use of habitat is also related to Page 20. A literature review is a
search and evaluation of the available literature in the area or topic you are studying. Grizzly bears
dominate concentrated food sources such as dumps and salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) streams and
kill black bears occasionally, while black bears dominate areas where foods are dispersed (Welch et
al. 1997, Jacoby et al. 1999, Rode et al. 2001). Both species are impacted by human developments
such as roads, campgrounds, and houses. Note: although you may collect a large number of quotes
during the note taking phase of your review, when you write the review, use quotes very sparingly. I
could uniquely identify bears in 22 out of 134 videos. Teams Enable groups of users to work together
to streamline your digital publishing. Cattle predation generally is associated with dispersal of cattle
on summer ranges and appears to happen more frequently in more remote areas with greater cover
(Murie 1948, Knight and Judd 1983). Since Fall 2009, the Academic English Program has already
implemented the AWL in classes and the words in the list have been systemically taught and
presented to the students through different classes and activities. UCB Bioscience is applying
CTTI’s recommendations to develop mechanisms for implementing patient engagement strategies
across the drug development life cycle. Page 7. The Journal of Wildlife Management 36:340-348.
Apps, C. D., McLellan, B. N., Woods, J. G. and M. F Proctor. 2004. Estimating grizzly bear
distribution and abundance relative to habitat and human influence. Study Justification Grizzly bear
populations have reestablished in the Blackfoot Valley of Montana during the last two decades,
expanding their distribution within the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (Mace et al. 2011,
Costello 2014).
However, black bears are not threatened in most of the United States and Canada and are considered
generally stable over much of their distribution (McCracken et al. 1995). Declines in distribution and
population size during the last two centuries has been linked to habitat loss and degradation
associated with human settlement and unregulated hunting (Cardoza 1976). As far as the details of
their results were concerned, the students were familiar with 348 words; the cutoff score was 3.0 or
above. These covered approximately 52% of the second wordlist. MULTI-STAKEHOLDER EV IDE
NC E-BASED REAL-W ORL D IM PAC T TRANSFORMING CLINICAL TRIALS Evidence-
Based2 Page 6. Second, in order to minimize fatigue for the students, I constructed a survey that
contained only 50 items. More than 50 items could make students exhausted and they could take it
carelessly (Nation, 2001). Bears: Their Biology and Management. 9:365-374. Aune, K., and W.
Kasworm.1989. Final report: East Front grizzly studies. Every year I supervise projects I find
students tend to ask the same questions about their literature review. To all the landowners in the
Blackfoot who allowed me to access their properties several times a week, I thank you. Materials and
Methods Field Methods I constructed 20 electrified enclosures at 20 different sites within the
Blackfoot study area. Business Literature Review Example Two Internet marketing: a content
analysis of the research. Overall, the percentage of successful entries into enclosures regardless of
whether they were energized declined from 65% in 2015 to 21% in 2016 for black bears, and from
43% to 18% for grizzly bears. My sincere thanks to my graduate committee members Dr. Robert
Garrott and Dr. Mike Frisina for their insights and wonderful guidance. Education Literature Review
Sample One Read Free Literature Reviews On Reading Response and other exceptional papers on
every subject and topic college can throw at you. Black bears select secure areas for day bedding and
denning in winter. Dissertation. University of Minnesota, Minnesota USA. Doak, D. F.1995.
Source?sink models and the problem of habitat degradation: general models and applications to the
Yellowstone grizzly. I did not identify individual bears in this study; however, a lower proportion of
successful entry into energized fence enclosures in 2016 may have occurred because of aversive
conditioning response to receiving a shock. He highly recommends teaching the GSL words first,
and then the AWL words to novice learners. Moreover, the AWL consists of 570 word families, and
“more than 94% of the words in the list occur in 20 or more of 28 subject areas of the Academic
Corpus” (Coxhead, 2000, p. 226). On account of the professional development of the AWL, it has
become the most essential list of words for academic texts. The findings of the literature review are a
resource for the project steering committee to. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana USA.
Wild, P. and D. E. Brown. 1986. The Grizzly in the Southwest. Just completing a draft outline can
work wonders in organizing the thought processes that drive the Literary Review. Above all, I have
an understanding of basic principles of teaching vocabulary. Biological Conservation 142:1-13.
Herrero, S. 1972. Aspects of evolution and adaptation in American black bears (Ursus americanus
Pallas) and brown and grizzly bears (U. Guidance will be available via your own department or
school and via the relevant Information Librarian. As a result, it is hoped that a special corpus for the
program can be developed and a special list of words can be generated from it. The 607,028-ha
Blackfoot watershed extends from the Continental Divide westward 212 kilometers to the Blackfoot
River’s confluence with the Clark Fork River and includes portions of Lewis and Clark, Missoula,
and Powell counties. In many study areas, males are disproportionately represented among bears
involved in human-bear conflict concerning livestock and human facilities. Praninskas (1972) also
generated the American University Word List (AUWL) for non-native English speakers in Page 16.
Ecological Applications 17:1424-1440. Congdon, J. D., and A. E. Dunham. 1997. Contributions of
long-term life history studies to conservation biology. Therefore, the literature review on dividend
policy. Since the thesis statement within the outline is just for you, to start with, this statement can
be something as simple as the subject matter, and no more.