Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, encompasses the variety of all life forms on Earth - plants,

animals, fungi, and microorganisms - and the ecological complexes they are part of. This includes diversity
within species (genetic diversity), between species (species diversity), and of ecosystems (ecosystem
diversity). Biodiversity is not evenly distributed, usually being richer in the tropics and in other specific
regions like coral reefs and islands. It plays a critical role in maintaining ecological balance and provides a
wide range of ecosystem services essential for human well-being, such as food, clean water, medicines,
and climate regulation.

The importance of biodiversity extends beyond its direct utility. It's integral to evolutionary processes,
offering the genetic material needed for species to adapt to changing environments. Moreover, each
species, no matter how small, has an intrinsic value and plays a unique role in the ecosystems. However,
biodiversity is currently threatened by human activities such as habitat destruction, pollution, climate
change, overfishing, and the introduction of invasive species. Preserving biodiversity is thus a central
challenge of our time, requiring a multifaceted approach that includes conservation efforts, sustainable
practices, and comprehensive environmental policies.