A Literature Review of Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) Definitions

Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) have emerged as a critical solution in the pursuit of sustainable
architecture and energy efficiency. However, navigating the vast landscape of literature surrounding
ZEBs and their definitions can be a daunting task. As researchers delve into this field, they encounter
a plethora of terms, concepts, and varying definitions, making it challenging to synthesize
information effectively.

Writing a comprehensive literature review on ZEB definitions requires not only a deep understanding
of the subject matter but also meticulous research skills. Scholars must sift through a myriad of
academic papers, reports, and industry publications to gather relevant data and insights. Additionally,
they must critically evaluate the credibility and reliability of sources to ensure the accuracy of their
review.

One of the primary challenges in writing a literature review on ZEB definitions is the constantly
evolving nature of the field. As technology advances and sustainability practices evolve, new terms
and definitions emerge, adding complexity to the research process. Furthermore, discrepancies in
terminology and interpretation across different regions and disciplines further complicate the task of
synthesizing information cohesively.

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What are the disciplinary organization, research hotspots and research frontiers of zero-energy
buildings at the various stages of development from various research perspectives. Microstrip
Bandpass Filter Design using EDA Tolol such as keysight ADS and An. In order to be human-
readable, please install an RSS reader. Winter Mode 42. Summer Mode 43. 44. 45. 46. WINDOW
SUNSHADE PRE-CAST SANDWICH PANEL: 3” CONCRETE 2” RIGID INSULATION 6”
CONCRETE LIGHTLOUVER BOUNCES LIGHT DIRECTLY INTO ROOM WINTER SUN
SUMMER SUN COOL AIR DOUBLE PANE LOW-E GLASS TRANSPIRED COLLECTOR 47.
Development focus and trends in zero-carbon building research. The DEC has to be displayed at all
times in a prominent place clearly visible to the public, and it is accompanied by an Advisory Report
that lists cost-effective measures to improve the energy rating of the building. High-yield subject
classification and high-frequency journals. ZEBs have emerged in response to stringent
environmental standards, both regulatory and voluntary, introduced to address increasingly
significant environmental issues such as climate change, natural resource conservation, pollution,
ecology, and population. In some extreme areas where wind energy is abundant and high, small
windmills can also be. Join now! Join for free or log in to continue reading. These conclusions show
a substantial change in the direction of zero-energy building research, with a greater emphasis on
exploring numerous and more focused methods of creating zero-energy structures, such as wind
turbines, formation ventilation and solar cells. A net zero energy building is a building that produces
as much (or more) renewable energy on site as that which the building uses each year. Under the
support of these policies, an increasing number of ZEB case studies have been conducted, and there
are over 360 ZEB projects which had been identified in different countries till 2013, as shown in
Figure 3. Third, this paper only analyzed the highly cited works without studying the authors and
their follow-up studies, which is of great significance for revealing the current situation and
characteristics of zero-energy-buildings-related fields. Our Authors and Editors We are a community
of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including
Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. The notion of a “zero-energy
building” in a modern sense has been discussed since the 1970s, prompted by the petroleum shocks
of the decade and subsequent concerns about the consequences of fossil fuel dependency. Three
levels of the zero-energy building research process. From the initial discussion on the definition and
case analysis of zero-energy buildings, scholars have gradually started to study the internal multi-
systems of zero-carbon buildings. For designing ZEB, the optimization may be conducted by
focusing on the only one aspect of ZEB performance, e.g., NPC and CO 2 emissions. In order to
emphasize the synergistic effects of economic development, improved socioeconomic welfare and
environmental protection, this once again calls for policymakers to increase the environmental
awareness of the general public, businesses and social organizations. This type of houses in Dallas
USA are selling at approximately 1 million USD. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet
faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Source nZEB: A source
nZEB produces at least as much energy as it uses in a year when accounted for at the source.
Architectural design personnel and the related specialized student should strengthen the awareness
of low-carbon energy saving measures and actively conduct zero-energy building and zero-energy
city scientific research to achieve a low-carbon building. In addition, the analysis period is relatively
long, and recent research on this subject is not covered. Additionally, these new technologies, new
materials and new products also bring the difficulty of construction technology. Harary -
Sustainability Presentation for High Schools Marc J. Due to the limited roof area, high-rise buildings
cannot be equipped with a large number of photovoltaic power generation modules; even if full of
photovoltaic modules, it is difficult to achieve energy self-sufficiency. Unlike traditional fire place
where smoke goes out thru a chimney, in this system there is no chimney and fire place is actually
working as a heater and is heating the whole house. The purpose of co-citation analysis is to
distinguish high-impact journals in the field from authors who have made considerable contributions
to the research topic, and to help scholars to quickly locate influential articles in the field.
However, in reality, it is difficult to design a zero-energy building simply by adding up these
technologies. Top 20 institutions and countries conducting zero-energy building research. The main
lessons learnt from this work are presented in this paper. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to
earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your
own field of study, but from other related fields too. Since 2017, there have been more than 400
papers published per year on zero-energy buildings, with a sharp increase in that number. Figure 1
shows the logical relationship between zero-carbon communities and zero-carbon buildings. On the
roof they put a fabric, gives an airspace between fabric material and the roof, blow a foam under the
fabric which expands on itself and takes shape of a cave like roof. As a result, from the standpoint
of time sequence, the current research’s objectives are to identify the essential literature, investigate
novel research subjects and directions, characterize the growth pattern of the field of research on
zero-energy buildings and establish a worldwide knowledge network structure. Note that from the
first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. Chen stated that
CiteSpace has obvious advantages over other software in mining mutant words in the atlas, exploring
research hotspots and understanding research directions. We principally emphasized two aspects: (2)
The similarity in the centrality node is high, and the references establish a co-citation link with many
studies, having a relationship with many studies. (1) High-frequency nodes signify widely cited
literature, which provides an essential knowledge base on a particular topic. Performance, system and
design are some of the zero-energy building research’s most popular keywords, and they all have a
centralized tendency. 3.2.2. Published Journals and Citations Analysis Table 6 shows that the top
three journals regarding the outcomes of zero-energy buildings in the subject of energy fuels are
Energy and Buildings, Applied Energy and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. In general,
zero-energy buildings are favored by more and more local governments, enterprises and the public
considering the high carbon emissions in the construction sector and the residents’ multiple demands
for improvements in the environment and health. This proposal requires the establishment of links
between different academic databases with different institutional and cultural contexts. The time
period for “Burst Terms” to occur is indicated in red in Figure 5. Words that are likely to change
often over a short period of time are referred to as “Burst Terms” and may represent the direction of
current scientific inquiry. However, the question is, are the buildings better to be designed as
individual ZEB separately ( Figure 8 ) or a ZEB cluster ( Figure 9 ) when the grid power is available.
The main support mechanisms to finance renewable energy development. Microstrip Bandpass Filter
Design using EDA Tolol such as keysight ADS and An. Top 20 institutions and countries conducting
zero-energy building research. For more details, see our Form CRS, Form ADV Part 2 and other
disclosures. This paper offers a more complete and referential analysis both in terms of the coverage
of the published articles and the research years of this topic. Here we have uploaded the project
report for final year seminar. It is requisite to adapt to them and Kajima takes actions in design and
construction to realize buildings with much higher energy performance. CiteSpace can be used to
find and display academic material of common interest as well as the frequency of citations over a
specific time period by applying burst detection methods. In all nations, research on zero-energy
buildings is a common topic. These nodes serve as “transportation hubs”, which to some extent serve
as research hotspots. One of the reasons could be that maybe ZEB is not a new concept for a
building, it is just a modern name for buildings, from times before district heating and electricity,
heated. Various construction companies advocate zero-energy buildings, but the scope of the
definition varies and is difficult to compare from a consumer’s perspective. The CiteSpace
application’s operation process is systematic and scientific, focusing on the definition of terms and
keywords, data gathering, term extraction, time zone segmentation, threshold selection, network
simplification and merger, visual knowledge map display, visual knowledge map editing and
detection and key node verification.
By Radu Porumb and George Seri?an 1275 downloads Home News Contact Careers Climate Change
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Peer Review Editorial Policies. In other words, scholars in China, the United States and Italy are
paying more and more attention to and studying zero-energy buildings. Please note that many of the
page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Zero Energy Buildings: A
Critical Look at the Definition. Steven Glaze has broad information in evaluating improvements in
homes. For example, the strict implementation of the definition of zero primary energy consumption
requires the use of renewable energy. In relation to ZEB, Kajima tried to realize a common office
building with low energy consumption and economical rationality as KT Building in Tokyo in 2016,
which concept is the realization of a model case as an urban midsized office building. The keywords
after 2011 can also be broken down into three pieces, according to the literature’s co-citation
network. Zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) usually use less energy than traditional buildings as well as
generate their own energy on-site to use in the building; hence, many are independent from the
national ( electricity ) grid. Integrated Design 38. 39. Integrated Design “ Let there be light!” 40. The
top three journals, including Atmospheric Environment, Nature and Energy Policy, are British
journals, according to the results of journal co-citation ( Table 9 ), which has a significant impact on
the study of zero-energy buildings. ASIF KHAN-LANDSCAPE-DESIGN PORTFOLIO 2024 f.pdf
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PDF Related Papers The Concept of Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) -A Literature Study IJIRT
Journal An important measure for climate change mitigation is the reduction of energy use in
buildings. As can be seen from Figure 5, carbon nanotube is the first keyword to be highly valued by
scholars in the field of zero-energy building research and has received attention since 2004. The
study makes the point that alternative definitions may exist depending on the political goals and
unique circumstances of a nation. However, in reality, it is difficult to design a zero-energy building
simply by adding up these technologies. Hot Topics and Trends in Zero-Energy Building
Research—A Bibliometrical Analysis Based on CiteSpace. Note that from the first issue of 2016,
this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. Editors select a small number of articles
recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly. Zero-energy buildings are a
model where the carbon source minus the carbon sink equals zero, and buildings with net or near-
zero energy are essential to achieving climate neutrality. The log-likelihood ratio is used as the
similarity in an association rule. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI). To promote
and popularize zero-energy buildings, it is very important to capture the enthusiasm of developers. A
detailed ranking of papers published on zero-energy buildings is shown in Table 1. Four well-
documented definitions—net-zero site energy, net-zero source energy, net-zero energy costs, and
net-zero energy emissions—are studied; pluses and minuses of each are discussed. This could be
one of the best topics to present in the final year and in the seminar. Development of power system
designs for a net zero energy house. Rising To The Challenge: Toward Carbon Neutral Buildings
Rising To The Challenge: Toward Carbon Neutral Buildings Sustainable Design Part Six: Carbon
Neutral Design Sustainable Design Part Six: Carbon Neutral Design Jacob burns presentation 021214
Jacob burns presentation 021214 What BIPV does to YOU R1 What BIPV does to YOU R1 What
BIPV does to YOU R1 What BIPV does to YOU R1 Case Study.pptx Case Study.pptx Green Green
Marc J. Passive design strategies and performance of Net Energy Plus Houses. This algorithm can
easily find mutant words in the literature, which is more conducive for users to understand research
hotspots in this field.
On the other hand, the explicit concept of zero-energy buildings and their methodologies still need
to be improved, which in turn inspires more research. We can see that most highly cited literature
comes from journals. Not only construction technology scholars, but also energy and fuel
researchers, have begun to pay attention to this field. Join now! Join for free or log in to continue
reading. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD). High-yield subject
classification and high-frequency journals. In addition, limited by the development of modern
science and technology, zero-carbon buildings were not achieved until 2000, and relevant research
articles exploded after 2011. The timezone view focuses on the temporal dimension of knowledge
evolution, which can clearly show the update and interaction of the literature. International Journal of
Translational Medicine (IJTM). Feed-in tariff: The producer receives total payments per kWh of
generated electricity at a fixed price. The metric applied for the “zero” balance is a vital issue since it
affects how renewable energy system will be selected to achieve this goal. In addition, questions like
how to achieve the target of zero energy for different types of buildings, should the building be
designed as an independent ZEB or a group of buildings to be a ZEB cluster, and how to make
building owners actively involved in installing enough RES for the building are still on the air. Large
overhang is provided in front porch of house so avoids direct sun to heat the entrance. Multi-
objective optimization of batteries and hydrogen storage technologies for remote photovoltaic
systems. Energy. 2010; 35:5300-5308. Billing agreement between utilities and their customers to
feed electricity the producer does not use back into the grid. For designing ZEB, the optimization
may be conducted by focusing on the only one aspect of ZEB performance, e.g., NPC and CO 2
emissions. The transit point in 2030 is “generalization of ZEB Ready and realization of net ZEB in
Top Runner Approach”. The definition of a zero-energy building in its infancy only refers to the
energy used in the building’s operation, ignoring the energy use aspects related to the building’s
construction and delivery, as well as the energy use of the building’s components. Carbon adsorption
materials have become the most representative type of air purification materials due to their large
specific surface area, stable physical and chemical properties, and strong adsorption performance.
Despite this, the sector has strong cost advantages for emission reduction and has a significant
potential to reduce emissions. Co-citation analysis and visual measurement are common methods to
study the spatial structure and relationship between different pieces of literature. There are many
subsidising and marking systems for energy-saving and green buildings, which are difficult for
ordinary consumers to recognize, and it is more difficult to supervise existing buildings. Block is a
mix of concrete and wood which acts and anti-bacterial and has great insulation properties. It is
therefore physically difficult to achieve a zero-energy building. The following three problems should
receive more attention in the future: how to develop a widely accepted zero-carbon building
standard; how to coordinate national support to achieve technological breakthroughs; and the
establishment of an effective incentive mechanism at the international and national levels to promote
the development of zero-carbon buildings. From the ranking of the cited journals, we can see that the
important factors affecting zero-carbon buildings are policy support and energy technology. Winter
Mode 42. Summer Mode 43. 44. 45. 46. WINDOW SUNSHADE PRE-CAST SANDWICH PANEL:
3” CONCRETE 2” RIGID INSULATION 6” CONCRETE LIGHTLOUVER BOUNCES LIGHT
DIRECTLY INTO ROOM WINTER SUN SUMMER SUN COOL AIR DOUBLE PANE LOW-E
GLASS TRANSPIRED COLLECTOR 47. One of the images is realization of low carbon society. In
contrast, before 2011, socioeconomic research was in its early stages, and its primary focus was on
the fundamental theoretical investigation of the zero-energy building itself, including the definition
of the term and the idea of multi-objective optimization. Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech
Industry (JPBI).
To promote and popularize zero-energy buildings, it is very important to capture the enthusiasm of
developers. HERS ratings make use of a relative energy-use index called the HERS Index. Zero
energy house uses glue laminated timber (which has low carbon footprint) as the main structural
element in place of concrete and steel, so reduces the overall weight of the structure and also less
damage in case of any natural disasters. The burst terms in Figure 5 were paired with the
aforementioned results to explore the boundaries and difficulties of zero-energy construction
research. For developers, poor economics is the most considerable obstacle. This elusive goal can
easily dampen the enthusiasm of the enterprise. However, there is not a direct link between citation
frequency and mediating centrality. Measures to ecological estates are adopted a lot as a result.
Redefining Malaysian Terrace Residential Architecture by Introducing Passive. Co-cited references
with high frequency and high centrality. The realization of ZEB is considered as an important
measure in the Strategic Energy Plan in Japan in 2018, where it is said that “GOJ aims to achieve
ZEB on average with regard to newly constructed buildings, by 2020 for non-residential buildings
and by 2030 for newly constructed public buildings nationwide”. In order to show the co-cited
journals in the field of zero-energy buildings more clearly, based on Figure 6, this study selected the
top 10 co-cited journals according to the principle of the center value from high to low and analyzed
their country, impact factor and JCR partition. The log-likelihood ratio is used as the similarity in an
association rule. What potential barriers can stand in the way of the construction of zero-energy
structures. Western countries developed zero-energy buildings earlier. The imbalance issue is quite
clear and needs to be solved immediately for zero-energy buildings to be developed in the future.
Block is a mix of concrete and wood which acts and anti-bacterial and has great insulation
properties. Words that are likely to change often over a short period of time are referred to as “Burst
Terms” and may represent the direction of current scientific inquiry. The warmer the color, the closer
the time; the colder the color, the longer the time. Some of these include using Energy Star-labeled
products and switching to renewable energy sources. First, researchers have examined the state of
development in various areas related to zero-energy buildings or problems. From a macro-
perspective, they have considered the current state of zero-energy building development in order to
identify bottlenecks and obstacles, such as incoherent policy and economic development, high
technical requirements and unclear evaluation methods. Project Objectives Safety LEED Platinum
Energy Star 1. One of the images is realization of low carbon society. A genetic algorithm for
optimization of build-ing envelope and HVAC system parameters. In the front and back of the house
all the windows open and closes in reverse direction providing natural ventilation, skylight is given
on the roof for natural air and light. This is an important reason why zero-energy buildings are
difficult to popularize. In: IBPSA Conference on Eighth International Building Performance
Simulation Association. 2009. pp.159-166. Technological innovation is not just about technology but
also people, their perceptions, their interactions with others and the physical world. Buying Energy
Star-labeled products is a simple way to reduce a building’s energy use. First, the data were
collected only from literature in English.
However, although existing studies have conducted relevant analyses on zero-energy buildings from
multiple perspectives, a systematic analysis of zero-energy buildings has not been conducted. The
obvious benefits of this goal are increased energy efficiency and improved energy sustainability. Let
us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). From the initial discussion
on the definition and case analysis of zero-energy buildings, scholars have gradually started to study
the internal multi-systems of zero-carbon buildings. On the other hand, the explicit concept of zero-
energy buildings and their methodologies still need to be improved, which in turn inspires more
research. Several countries have adopted or consider the possibility of establishing Zero Energy
Buildings (ZEB) as their future energy targets to alleviate the problems related to the depletion of
energy resources and the deterioration of the environment. In addition, limited by the development
of modern science and technology, zero-carbon buildings were not achieved until 2000, and relevant
research articles exploded after 2011. Avoiding Bad Stats and the Benefits of Playing Trivia with
Friends: PancakesC. It also looks at sample utility rate structures and their impact on the zero energy
scenarios. This research provides a strong theoretical foundation and technical support for
constructing a global zero-energy building development. These buildings would also be more secure,
so far as energy goes, in the event of a terrorist attack on traditional utility infrastructures (such as
public water and regional power grids). A low-carbon economy was considered to set the pace for
global economic growth and usher in a new phase of the global economy game. All the walls in
house are built with hollow blocks and filled with concrete. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary
Computation. 2002; 6 (2):182-197. The owner of a zero energy building does not have to worry
about outages or blackouts. In these paper, a sample of current generation low-energy buildings is
used to explore the concept of zero energy. The authors also acknowledge the support from the
China Scholarship Council (CSC) and the Anhui University of Technology and research support
from the University of Birmingham in the UK. Kajima began to take measures on energy
conservation for buildings in Oil Shocks of 1970s and has been continuing its efforts to date. Eight
of the pilot building projects have been constructed and are currently in use, whilst one of them is
still in the planning phase. There is inverter installed inside which converts the direct current
produced by solar panels to alternative current which is used in USA. A HERS Index of 100
represents the energy use of the “American Standard Building” and an index of zero indicates that
the proposed building uses no net purchased energy (a zero-energy building). The energy in a
building can be measured in many ways (e.g., cost, energy, or carbon emissions), and different views
exist on the relative importance of energy production and energy conservation in achieving a net
energy balance. Performance, system and design are some of the zero-energy building research’s
most popular keywords, and they all have a centralized tendency. 3.2.2. Published Journals and
Citations Analysis Table 6 shows that the top three journals regarding the outcomes of zero-energy
buildings in the subject of energy fuels are Energy and Buildings, Applied Energy and Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Project Objectives Safety LEED Platinum Energy Star 1. Chris
Llewellyn Smith-Can future energy needs be met sustainability. Here we have uploaded the project
report for final year seminar. On the roof they put a fabric, gives an airspace between fabric material
and the roof, blow a foam under the fabric which expands on itself and takes shape of a cave like
roof. Hot Topics and Trends in Zero-Energy Building Research—A Bibliometrical Analysis Based
on CiteSpace. Buildings. 2023; 13(2):479. Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by
the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Land Management and sourcing land
for sustainable Urban Development.