Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Essentials of Genetics 8Th Edition Klug Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Essentials of Genetics 8Th Edition Klug Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Essentials of Genetics 8Th Edition Klug Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
1) The classic Hershey and Chase (1952) experiment that offered evidence in support of DNA
being the genetic material in bacteriophages made use of which of the following labeled
component(s)?
A) phosphorus and sulfur
B) nitrogen and oxygen
C) tritium
D) hydrogen
E) None of the answers listed is correct.
Answer: A
Section: 9.3
2) In the classic experiment conducted by Hershey and Chase, why was the pellet radioactive in
the centrifuge tube that contained bacteria with viruses?
A) The bacteria were in the pellet, and they had incorporated radioactive proteins into their cell
membranes.
B) The radioactive viruses (coats plus DNA) were in the pellet.
C) The bacteria were in the pellet, and many contained the radioactive viral DNA.
D) The radioactive protein coats of the viruses were in the pellet.
E) The radioactive viruses were in the pellet, and the bacteria were in the supernatant.
Answer: C
Section: 9.3
3) Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme found in association with retroviral activity. It has the
property of ________.
A) synthesis of DNA from an RNA template
B) synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
C) requiring no template
D) translation
E) most lysozymes
Answer: A
Section: 9.5
4) What are the two major components of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
A) RNA and DNA
1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
B) DNA and protein
C) RNA and protein
D) lipids and nucleic acids
E) carbohydrates and nucleic acids
Answer: C
Section: 9.5
2
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
5) Is the accompanying figure DNA or RNA? ________ Is the arrow closest to the 5' or 3' end?
________ Spleen diesterase is an enzyme that breaks the covalent bond that connects the
phosphate to the 5' carbon. Assume that the dinucleotide is digested with spleen diesterase. To
which base and to which carbon on the sugar is the phosphate now attached, A or T?
7) Regarding the structure of DNA, the covalently arranged combination of a deoxyribose and a
nitrogenous base would be called a(n) ________.
A) nucleotide
B) ribonucleotide
C) monophospate nucleoside
D) oligonucleotide
E) nucleoside
Answer: E
Section: 9.6
8) Considering the structure of double-stranded DNA, which kind(s) of bonds hold one
complementary strand to the other?
A) ionic
B) covalent
C) van der Waals
D) hydrogen
E) hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Answer: D
Section: 9.7
3
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
9) If 15% of the nitrogenous bases in a sample of DNA from a particular organism is thymine,
what percentage should be cytosine?
A) 15%
B) 30%
C) 35%
D) 40%
E) 70%
Answer: C
Section: 9.6, 9.7
10) In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of double-stranded DNA to see which bases are
equivalent in concentration, which of the following would be true?
A) A = C
B) A = G and C = T
C) A + C = G + T
D) A + T = G + C
E) A = G and C = T and A + C = G + T are both true.
Answer: C
Section: 9.6, 9.7
11) Which of the following clusters of terms accurately describes DNA as it is generally viewed
to exist in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
A) double-stranded, parallel, (A + T)/C + G) = variable, (A + G)/(C + T) = 1.0
B) double-stranded, antiparallel, (A + T)/C + G) = variable, (A + G)/(C+ T) = 1.0
C) single-stranded, antiparallel, (A + T)/C + G) = 1.0, (A + G)/(C + T) = 1.0
D) double-stranded, parallel, (A + T)/C + G) = 1.0, (A + G)/(C + T) = 1.0
E) double-stranded, antiparallel, (A + T)/C + G) = variable, (A + G)/(C + T) = variable
Answer: B
Section: 9.6, 9.7
13) Considering the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics, what general property is ascribed to
DNA?
Answer: DNA makes RNA, which makes proteins.
Section: 9.1
14) In the 1860s, a Swiss chemist, Friedrick Miescher, isolated an acidic substance from cell
nuclei. What was the name of this substance, and what was its significance?
Answer: nuclein, contains DNA
Section: 9.2
4
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
15) Experiments conducted in the 1920s by Frederick Griffith involving the bacterium
Diplococcus pneumoniae demonstrated that a substance from one bacterial strain could
genetically transform other bacterial strains. What was the name of the substance capable of such
transformation, and who finally determined its identity?
Answer: deoxyribonucleic acid; Avery et al. (1944)
Section: 9.3
16) Briefly define transformation and describe the relationship between the phenomenon of
transformation and the discovery that DNA is the genetic material in bacteria.
Answer: Transformation is the process whereby one organism is genetically altered by exposure
to DNA from another organism. Because DNA can carry heritable "traits" from one organism to
another, it must be the genetic material.
Section: 9.3
17) What was the Avery et al.'s (1944) contribution to the understanding of molecular biology?
Answer: a demonstration that DNA is the genetic material in Diplococcus
Section: 9.3
18) The strongest direct evidence that DNA is the genetic material comes from which
contemporary methodology?
Answer: recombinant DNA technology
Section: 9.4
19) Beatrice Mintz and others microinjected DNA into a fertilized mouse egg that after reaching
maturity could be transmitted to the mouse's offspring. What is the general term used to describe
an organism that incorporates foreign DNA?
Answer: transgenic
Section: 9.4
20) Present an overview of two classical experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic
material. Can RNA be the genetic material? Explain.
Answer: (1) Transformation in bacteria (Griffith through Avery et al.); see appropriate figures in
the Klug/Cummings text. (2) The Hershey and Chase experiment in bacteriophage; see
appropriate figures in the Klug/Cummings text. Yes, RNA can be the genetic material as
described for the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), retroviruses, and many others.
Section: 9.3, 9.5
21) List two major differences between RNA and DNA at the level of the nucleotide.
Answer: ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA; uracil in RNA replaces thymine in DNA
Section: 9.5
22) If the GC content of a DNA molecule is 60%, what are the molar percentages of the four
bases (G, C, T, A)?
Answer: G = 30%, C = 30%, T = 20%, A = 20%
Section: 9.6, 9.7
5
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
23) Assume that the molar percentage of thymine in a double-stranded DNA is 20. What are the
percentages of the four bases (G, C, T, A)? If the DNA is single-stranded, would you change
your answer?
Answer: G = 30%, C = 30%, T = 20%, A = 20%; yes, more than likely
Section: 9.6, 9.7
24) (a) Assume that A + T/G + C equals 0.5 in one strand of DNA. What is the ratio of these
bases in the complementary strand? (b) If A + G/T + C equals 0.5 in one strand, what is the ratio
of these bases in the complementary strand?
Answer: (a) 0.5
(b) 2.0
Section: 9.6, 9.7
25) The base content of a sample of DNA is as follows: A = 31%, G = 31%, T = 19%, C = 19%.
What conclusion can be drawn from this information?
Answer: The sample of DNA is single-stranded.
Section: 9.6, 9.7
26) What does it mean to say that double-stranded nucleic acids are antiparallel?
Answer: The C-5' to C-3' orientations run in opposite directions.
Section: 9.6, 9.7
30) What is the name of the precursor molecule used in nucleic acid synthesis?
Answer: triphosphonucleoside
Section: 9.6, 9.7
31) During the polymerization of nucleic acids, covalent bonds are formed between neighboring
nucleotides. Which carbons are involved in such bonds?
Answer: C-3' and C-5'
Section: 9.6, 9.7
6
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
32) What is the difference between a polynucleotide and an oligonucleotide?
Answer: Polynucleotides are polymers longer than 20 nucleotides; oligonucleotides are shorter
than polynucleotides.
Section: 9.6
33) Is the accompanying figure DNA or RNA? Is the circle closer to the 5' or 3' end?
34) Is the accompanying figure DNA or RNA? Is the circle closer to the 5' or 3' end?
35) Suppose that the dinucleotide in the accompanying figure were cleaved with the enzyme
spleen diesterase, which breaks the covalent bond connecting the phosphate to C-5'. After such
cleavage, to which nucleoside is the phosphate now attached?
Answer: deoxyadenosine
Section: 9.6, 9.7
7
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
37) When and in which journal did Watson and Crick publish their now-famous paper entitled
"Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid."
Answer: 1953; Nature
Section: 9.7
38) At what approximate wavelengths do DNA, RNA, and proteins maximally absorb light?
Answer: 260 nm, 260 nm, and 280 nm, respectively
Section: 9.9
39) All other factors being equal, the renaturation of the three classes of complementary nucleic
acid sequences occurs in what order, from fastest to slowest?
Answer: highly repetitive, moderately repetitive, unique sequences
Section: 9.9
40) Consider the structure of double-stranded DNA. When DNA is placed into distilled water, it
denatures; however, by adding NaCl, the DNA renatures. Why?
Answer: The negatively charged phosphates repel each other on the two sides of the helix. In
distilled water, these charges are not neutralized (by positively charged ions), and the hydrogen
bonds, which hold the double helix together, are broken. In the presence of positive ions, such
charges are neutralized.
Section: 9.9
41) Explain how and why the following circumstances influence characteristics of temperature-
induced DNA melting:
43) Hershey and Chase used labeled DNA and protein to determine that DNA is the genetic
material in bacteria.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 9.3
8
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
44) Avery et al. (1944) determined that DNA is the genetic material in T2 bacteriophage.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 9.3
50) When considering the structure of DNA, we would say that complementary strands are
antiparallel.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 9.6, 9.7
51) In 1953, Watson and Crick published a paper that described the structure of DNA.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 9.7
9
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
argument. Nobody knew his real name or his real profession. Once,
when Caleb had remonstrated with her for being apparently willing to
sell Letizia to a rich and snivelling old rake, she had actually dared to
argue that she was better capable of guarding her daughter’s virtue
than anybody else because the father of her had been a cardinal.
Caleb, who was sick with love for Letizia and sick with hate for
Popery, was near losing his reason. Luckily, however, the old suitor
fell into a hopeless palsy, and since then Madame’s financial affairs
had prospered sufficiently to make her independent of Letizia’s cash
value. That her affairs had prospered was largely due to Caleb
himself, who, entering her service as a clerk when he was hardly
nineteen, had lost no time in gathering into his own plump white
hands the tangled skeins of the business so that he might unravel
them at his own convenience without ever again letting them go.
Madame Oriano had been glad enough to put the financial side of
the business in Caleb’s hands, for, having inherited from her father,
Padua’s chief artist in pyrotechny, a genuine passion for inventing
new effects, she devoted herself to these with renewed interest, an
interest moreover that was no longer liable to be interrupted by
amours. She had grown gaunt and her temper, never of the
sweetest, had long made her an impossible mistress for any man
however young he might be. At the age of sixteen she had eloped
from her father’s house in Padua with an English adventurer. After a
year of doubtful bliss he had left her stranded in a Soho garret with a
cageful of love-birds and twenty pairs of silk stockings—he had
intended these as a present for the schoolgirl he was planning to
abduct, but in the confusion of escaping from his old sweetheart he
had left them behind him. Maria Oriano entered upon a period of
fortune-telling, then went into partnership with an Italian pyrotechnist
to whom with intervals of amorous escapades she remained loyal for
ten years, in fact till he died, after which she carried on the business
in her own name. Letizia was born when her mother was
approaching forty, and since neither Letizia nor anybody else ever
discovered who the father was, it may safely be assumed that
Madame really did not know herself which of her lovers might be
congratulated. She had a dozen in tow about this time. No solution of
the mystery had ever been provided by Letizia herself, who now, at
seventeen, was the image of her own mother when she, a year
younger, ran away from Padua, a dark and slim and supple and
lustrous-eyed young termagant.
There she was now, fretfully tapping the floor of the alcove with
her dainty foot and wondering what her mother could want with
Caleb. It was not that she wanted Caleb so much for herself, not at
any rate for the pleasure of his conversation. But she was used to
quarrelling with him, and she missed his company much as a child
might miss a toy that it could maltreat whenever it was in the mood
to do so. She might laugh at his awkward attempts to make love to
her, but she would have been piqued by his indifference, piqued and
puzzled by it as she would have been puzzled by the failure of her
spaniel to wag its tail when she entered a room. There was Caleb
bowing and scraping to her mother (who looked a pretty sight in that
yellow satin gown) while she who after all was this evening
indubitably the attraction was left alone in this dull alcove without so
much as a glass of champagne to sip. How much would her mother
worry about the dampness of the fireworks, were she to announce
that she could not make the descent that was to bring the display to
such a grand conclusion? It would serve them all right if she did
rebel. They would appreciate her much more were she sometimes to
assert herself. Letizia pulled open the cloak of light blue velvet that
she was wearing over her costume and contemplated her slim legs
and the beautifully unwrinkled tights. The upper part of her dress
consisted of an abbreviated tunic of asbestos round which the unlit
fireworks coiled like blue snakes.
“Or sausages,” murmured Letizia resentfully. “If I did not look like
Guy Fawkes and if it were a little darker, I’d put on a mask and have
such fun amongst the crowd. Oh gemini, wouldn’t I just!”
She jumped up in a fit of impatience. Her foot pressed the
concealed mechanism in the floor of the alcove, and immediately
there sprang up before her a life-size Mother Shipton, quivering all
over and shaking her steeple hat, and seeming in the twilight most
horribly real.
“Gesù Maria, Giuseppe!” she shrieked, crossing herself in an
agony of terror.
Caleb, whose first thought was that some young buck was trying
to kiss Letizia, paid no more attention to Madame Oriano’s
complaints of Gumm’s drunkenness and the dewy nightfall, but
plunged off to the rescue, splitting the seat of his pantaloons in an
effort to move his clumsy legs really fast.
“Oh gemini, Caleb, the Devil’s been sitting beside me all the time
and I never knew it,” Letizia cried, when she saw him.
“I make no doubt he has,” said Caleb in lugubrious agreement.
“But this ain’t him. This ain’t no more than one of those fortune-telling
figures you’ll see at fairs. That’s what they call fun, that is,” he
groaned.
“It sprang up so sudden, Caleb. The Devil couldn’t have sprung up
no faster. Oh gemini, it set me off praying, Caleb.”
“Praying!” he scoffed. “I wouldn’t give much for you if the Devil did
come to take you, and you had to trust to your prayers.”
“It’s made my heart thump, Caleb. Only feel how fast it beats.”
The young man snatched his hand away from her.
“Hussy! Nought would please you so well as to lead me on into
sin.”
It was Caleb’s heart that was beating now, so fast indeed that he
turned in desperation to strike down the puppet that seemed to be
leering at him like an old bawd in a dark entry.
“Oh, you sicken me,” she pouted. “I’ll surely never have the
courage to mount to the top of the mast now. At least, I won’t unless I
have some champagne, Caleb.”
There was no answer.
“Did you hear me, Caleb?” she pressed softly. “I said champagne.”
He turned his back and feigned not to hear. But a passing waiter
heard and came into the alcove, rubbing his hands in anticipation of
serving them.
“Champagne, Caleb.”
“Yes, ma’am. Certainly, ma’am.”
“No,” Caleb shouted.
The waiter inclined his head in sarcastic acknowledgment.
“And light the lamp,” Caleb told him.
Above the circular stone hung a great green globe painted over
with fish, which when lighted up shed a kind of subaqueous sheen
upon the alcove.
“And the champagne, sir?” the waiter asked.
“Bring a bottle quickly,” Letizia commanded with a laugh of
mockery.
“Bring nothing at all,” cried Caleb, swinging round on his heels in a
rage.
“Oh gemini, Caleb,” Letizia cried. “Your handkerchief’s falling out
of your pocket.”
She grabbed at it, and pulled out the tail of his shirt.
Letizia flung herself into a chair, clapping her hands and throwing
her legs into the air in a very ecstasy of delight.
“Oh gemini, Mr. Waiter; bring two bottles,” she cried. “And a needle
and a thread, for I’ll burst my own trunks next and never dare stand
on a chair, let alone come sliding down to the ground from a mast.”
The waiter departed to obey her commands, a wide grin on his
insolent face.
“Listen to me, Letizia,” Caleb cried in a rage, seizing her wrist. “I’ll
pay for not one drop of champagne, d’ye hear me? Little Jezebel that
you are! You love to make me suffer for your wantonness. I was pure
till your Popish gipsy eyes crossed mine and turned them to thoughts
of sin. Isn’t it enough that you’re going to mount that accursed
firework platform for every gay young sprig to stare at you carnally
and gloat on your limbs and lust after you? Isn’t it enough, I say, for
one evening?”
“You’re a fine one to accuse me of making myself a show,” she
retorted, wresting herself from his grasp. “And you with the tail of
your shirt sticking out of your breeches! You’d better call it your flag
of truce, Caleb, and cry peace.”
“I’ll make no peace with you, young Jezebel, in this wanton
humour.”
“Why then, catch me if you can, Mr. Preacher, for I’ll have my
champagne, and Mr. Devil can pay for it, if you won’t.”
With this she stood mocking him from the lawn outside.
“Come back,” he groaned, the sweat all beady on his forehead.
“I won’t come back neither,” laughed Letizia, pirouetting.
“Pull your cloak round you, shameless minx.”
“No, and I won’t do that, neither.”
She flung it farther from her and taunted him with the sight of her
legs so slim and so shapely in the light blue silk.
“You dursn’t run after me, Caleb, or you’ll be taken to Bedlam for a
lunatic when the people see you running after me like a draggle-
tailed duck. Quack-quack, Caleb! I’m the grand finale to-night, and if
you won’t give me champagne I’ll find some one who will, and he’ll
have the grandest finale of all.”
Unfortunately for Letizia when she turned round to run away she
ran into her mother, who caught her by the ear and led her back into
the alcove.
“Sei pazza?” she demanded.
“If I am mad, it’s his fault,” protested Letizia angrily. “Let go of my
ear, mamma! You’re hurting me.”
“Vuoi far la putanella, eh?”[3] cried Madame Oriano furiously,
squeezing her daughter’s ear even harder.
[3] “You want to play the little wanton, eh?”
[4] Enough.