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 Mongol Empire
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

● Genghis Khan and the Rise of the Mongol Empire

● Mongol Civil War and the Yuan Dynasty
● Fall of the Mongol Empire

Let’s find out more about

FACT FILE
the Mongol Empire!

Mongol Empire in 1335 and Genghis Khan’s ascension

The Mongol Empire arose from the union of many nomadic tribes in the
Mongol homeland, led by Genghis Khan, who was declared king of the
Mongols by a council in 1206. The Mongol Empire grew from Mongolia in
East Asia to portions of Eastern Europe, spreading northward into
sections of the Arctic, eastward and southerly into the Indian
subcontinent, Mainland Southeast Asia, and the Iranian Plateau, and
westward as far as the Levant and the Carpathian Mountains.
 GENGHIS KHAN AND THE RISE OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE

The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, first known as

Temujin. Temujin was born in 1160, and his father, Yesukai, ruled over a
group of 40,000 households. When Temujin was still a kid, Yesukai was
poisoned, and many of the families who had been loyal to his father fled
Temujin's group.

Temujin's family survived, and Temujin rose to

become the group's leader. He formed alliances
and grew in power through time, while also
fighting other organisations. Temujin had
conquered much of Mongolia by 1206 and was
given the moniker Genghis Khan, which means
"universal ruler."
Genghis Khan

The world was taken aback by Genghis Khan's subsequent conquests. He

conquered Zhongdu, China's Jin dynasty's capital, in 1215. A Mongol force
of up to 200,000 warriors campaigned against the shah of Khwarezm
(modern-day Iran) in 1219, seizing much of his land.

● Genghis Khan also instituted administrative improvements in the

Mongol Empire.
● He had Uyghur scribes, who lived in central Asia and were captured
by the Mongols, establish a writing system for the Mongolian
language based on the Uyghur script. He also changed the way his
expanding empire was governed.
● The political institutions included a "quriltai," where Genghis Khan
would offer tasks, prizes, and punishments to the empire's political
elites.
● Khan's government also comprised a "Keshig," which served as the
emperor's personal guard and inner circle.
● The "golden bloodline," which included Khan and his progeny, was the
most essential component of his rule. Only members of this golden
bloodline could become Mongol leaders, according to Mongol law,
Favereau stated.
 THINK ABOUT THIS! ACTIVITIES FOR AGES 11-14

TRUE OR FALSE. Given your understanding of the resource, identify

1 if each statement is True or False. (X marks)

Only members of the Khan bloodline could become

Mongol leaders, according to Mongol law.

The vast Mongol Empire was without a great Khan for

more than four years after the death of Genghis Khan.

Kublai Khan was a bureaucrat who expelled several of

his relatives and their allies from the government.

Kublai Khan entrusted the western half of his empire to

his relatives, focusing on East Asian growth.

The descendants of Genghis Khan ruled Mongolia until

1635, when they were conquered by the Manchus.
 THINK ABOUT THIS! ACTIVITIES FOR AGES 14-16

EMPERORS. Identify the remarkable contributions of the following

1 emperors of the Mongol Empire. (X marks)

GENGHIS KHAN: 1206-1227

OGEDEI KHAN: 1229-1241

MONGKE KHAN: 1251-1259

KUBLAI KHAN: 1260-1294

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