Solution

TEST 28

NEET-UG - Chemistry

1. (c) Uracil
Explanation: DNA contains four bases viz. adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). So Uracil is not present in
DNA.
2. (a)

Explanation:

D
This structure represents sucrose(diasaccharides) in which α -D glucose and β -D-fructose is attached to each other by C1-C2
glycosidic linkage. Since reducing groups of glucose and fructose are involved in glycosidic bond formation, this is considered

CS
as a non-reducing sugar.

xit
3. (c) Pernicious anaemia
Explanation: Deficiency of Vitamin B12 results in Pernicious anaemia (Red Blood Cells deficient in haemoglobin)
Di
4. (d) Proteins
Explanation: Various RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules in the cell guide synthesise the proteins.
5. (b) All of these
Explanation: If adrenal cortex does not function properly then one of the results may be Addison’s disease characterised by
sh

hypoglycemia, weakness and increased susceptibility to stress.

6. (d) Condensation polymer
rve

Explanation: In proteins α-amino acids are connected to each other by peptide bond or peptide linkage. Chemically, peptide
linkage is an amide formed between –COOH group and –NH2 group. The reaction between two molecules of similar or
different amino acids, proceeds through the combination of the amino group of one molecule with the carboxyl group of the
other. This results in the elimination of a water molecule and formation of a peptide bond –CO–NH–. So protein is
Sa

condensation polymer.
7. (a) Thymine
Explanation: DNA contains four bases viz. adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). RNA also contains four
bases, the first three bases are same as in DNA but the fourth one is uracil (U).
8. (c) liver and adipose tissue
Explanation: Vitamins which are soluble in fat and oils but insoluble in water are kept in fat soluble vitamins. These are
vitamins A, D, E and K. These are generally stored in liver and adipose (fat storing) tissues.
9. (c) all of these
Explanation: DNA fingerprinting is now used
i. in forensic laboratories for identification of criminals.
ii. to determine paternity of an individual.
iii. to identify the dead bodies in any accident by comparing the DNA’s of parents or children.
iv. to identify racial groups to rewrite biological evolution.
10. (d) double strand helix
Explanation: James Watson and Francis Crick gave a double strand helix structure for DNA. Two nucleic acid chains are
wound about each other and held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases. The two strands are complementary to

1/8
Sarvesh Dixit CSD
 each other because the hydrogen bonds are formed between specific pairs of bases. Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with
thymine whereas cytosine forms hydrogen bonds with guanine.
11. (c) they are readily excreted in urine and cannot be stored (except vitamin B12) in our body.
Explanation: B group vitamins and vitamin C are soluble in water so they are grouped together as water soluble vitamins.
These must be supplied regularly in diet because they are readily excreted in urine and cannot be stored (except vitamin B12) in
our body.
12. (c) Tertiary structure
Explanation: This structure represents tertiary structure of proteins. The tertiary structure of proteins represents overall folding
of the polypeptide chains i.e., further folding of the secondary structure.
13. (d) nucleotides
Explanation:
Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides in which nucleic acids are linked together by a phosphodiester linkage also called a
polynucleotide.

D
e.g., DNA, RNA, etc.

CS
14. (a) ∝ -D-glucose
Explanation: A disaccharide, maltose is composed of two α-D-glucose units in which C1 of one glucose (I) is linked to C4 of
another glucose unit (II).
15. (d) α– Aminoacid
xit
Explanation: Proteins are the polymers of α-amino acids. So building unit of a protein is α – Aminoacid.
16. (a) Polypeptides
Explanation: In the secondary structure of Proteins, a polypeptide chain exists in two forms:
Di
i. Alpha helix - stabilized by a hydrogen bond.
ii. Beta pleated sheet.
17. (a) 5′ and 3′
Explanation:
sh

5′ and 3′ linkage is present between the carbon atom of pentose sugar.

rve
Sa

18. (b) I and II

Explanation: Cyclic structures of monosaccharides which differ in the structure at carbon- 1 position are known as anomers.
Here, I and II are anomer because they differ from each other at carbon- 1 only.
19. (b) Pentaacetate of glucose does not react with hydroxylamine.
Explanation: The pentaacetate of glucose does not react with the hydroxylamine indicating the absence of free -CHO group.
This property of the glucose can be explained only by its own cyclic structure.
20. (c) All of these
Explanation: Complete hydrolysis of RNA yields a pentose sugar, phosphoric acid and nitrogen containing heterocyclic
compounds (called bases). In RNA molecule, the sugar moiety is β-D-ribose.

2/8
Sarvesh Dixit CSD
21. (d) primary structure
Explanation: Proteins may have one or more polypeptide chains. Each polypeptide in a protein has amino acids linked with
each other in a specific sequence and it is this sequence of amino acids that is said to be the primary structure of that protein.
Thus the most appropriate structure for knowing about the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA chain is its primary structure.
22. (a) H2N.CH2.COOH
Explanation: Amino acids contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups.

23. (d) Vitamin A

Explanation: Vitamin A keeps eyes in good health. Deficiency of Vitamin A causes Night Blindness.
24. (d) phosphodiester linkage
Explanation: Nucleotides are together by phosphodiester linkage between 5′ and 3′ carbon atoms of the pentose sugar.
25. (d) Albumin
Explanation: Globular proteins are formed when the chains of polypeptides coil around to give a spherical shape. These are
usually soluble in water. For example albumin and insulin.
26. (b) −N H − C H − C O −N H − C H − C O −N H − C H − C O−
| | |

D
R1 R2 R3

Explanation: Each carbon that is bonded to side-chain must be bonded to two functional groups (i.e., -CO- and -NH-) in a
peptide chain.

CS
27. (a) CH3OH, HCl gas
Explanation: CH3OH, HCl gas

28. (b) Br2/H2O

xit
Explanation: Glucose decolourise Br2 water while fructose does not decolourise.

29. (a) 3
Explanation:
Di
sh

30. (b) It has always double-stranded α -helix structure.

rve

Explanation: RNA does not have a double-stranded alpha-helix structure. Helixes present in RNA are single-stranded but
sometimes they fold back on themselves to form a double helix structure. RNA usually does not replicate. It is present in the
nucleus of the cell. It controls the synthesis of protein. RNA molecules are of three types, i.e. messenger’s RNA (mRNA),
ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (t-RNA).
Sa

31. (a)

Explanation: In basic medium amino acid exists as negatively charged ion.

32. (a) adenine, guanine, cytosine
Explanation: adenine, guanine, cytosine
33. (b) Option (i)
Explanation: In amylopectin, glucopyranose molecules of the main chain are connected by 1 → 4α glycosidic linkages. The
branching occurs between C1 of terminal glucopyranose molecule of one chain with the C6 of glucopyranose molecule of next
chain.

3/8
Sarvesh Dixit CSD
34. (a) C-4
Explanation:

35. (c) C12H22O11

Explanation: A disaccharide is a sugar (a carbohydrate) composed of two monosaccharides. It is formed when two sugars are
joined together and a molecule of water is removed.
C12​H22​O11​+ H2​O ⟶ C6​H12​O6​+ C6​H12​O6​ give glucose and fructose.
All others cannot hydrolyze in water making them monosaccharides.
36. (c) i and ii

SD
Explanation: i and ii
37. (b) β -D-Glucose
Explanation: β -D-Glucose

C
38. (b) Hydrophilic
Explanation: Cellulose has many hydroxy groups (-OH) that allow cellulose microfibrils to form hydrogen bonds with water.
So cellulose is hydrophilic. But cellulose is a structural polymer. Cellulose is made of very long microfibrils bonded to each
xit
other so cellulose can not fully mix with or move in the water. Thus cellulose is insoluble.

39. (c) -20o

Di
Explanation: Invert sugar is an equimolar mixture of D-(+) glucose and D-(-) fructose.
Since L-(-) glucose is -52o, the D-(+) glucose will be 52o as they are optical isomers.
= -20o
∘ ∘
52 − 92
Specific rotation = 2

40. (a) aldotetrose

sh

Explanation: aldotetrose
41. (c) Thymine
rve

Explanation: Thymine
42. (c) 4 and 3
Explanation: Number of amino acids in a tetrapeptide = 4
Number of peptide linkages in a linear polypeptide or protein = n - 1 (where, n is the number of amino acids present in the
Sa

polypeptide)
E.g. No. of peptide linkages in a linear polypeptide having 15 amino acids = 15 - 1 = 14
Number of peptide bonds = 3
43. (d) Thymine
Explanation: Thymine
44. (d) Proteins
Explanation: Hair, nails, hoofs, etc. are made of Keratin, a kind of protein having coiled polypeptide chains.
45. (b) Lactic acid
O2

Explanation: Glucose −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−→ Pyruvic acid −→ CO2 + H2 O

stored in the
(does not need oxygen; need only enzymes) ↓
form of Glyc oge n
Lactic acid

During vigorous exercise sufficient oxygen is not available to meet the energy demand, so energy is derived through the
conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid.
46. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

4/8
Sarvesh Dixit CSD
47. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Vitamin D can be stored in our body because it is a fat-soluble vitamin.
48. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Insulin is a globular protein. This protein has a three-dimensional folded structure. These are stabilised by
internal hydrogen bonding, hence, they are water-soluble.
49. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Because of the ring structure, C1 in glucose becomes chiral and hence glucose exists in two stereoisomeric
forms, i.e., α - and β -, corresponding to each stereoisomeric form glucose forms two methyl glucosides, i.e., α -and β -methyl
glucosides.
50. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: At isoelectric point, protein molecules behave as zwitter ions and hence, do not move toward any electrode or act
as neutral molecules. This reduces their solubility to minimum and thus, helps in their separation and purification.
51. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
When a protein in its native form, is subjected to physical changes like change in temperature or chemical changes like change in
pH, the hydrogen bonds are disturbed. Due to this, globules unfold and helix gets uncoiled and protein loses its biological activity.

D
This is called the denaturation of protein.
The denaturation causes change in secondary and tertiary structures but primary structures remain intact. Examples of

CS
denaturation of protein are coagulation of egg white on boiling, curdling of milk, formation of cheese when an acid is added to
milk.
(i) (a) Fibrous proteins are converted into globular proteins.
Explanation: Fibrous proteins are converted into globular proteins.
xit
(ii) (c) Primary structure only
Explanation: Primary structure only
(iii) (a) secondary structure
Di
Explanation: secondary structure
(iv) (b) denatured protein
Explanation: Cheese is a denatured protein.
(v) (b) regular folding patterns of continuous portions of the polypeptide chain
sh

Explanation: regular folding patterns of continuous portions of the polypeptide chain

52. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
rve

Carbohydrates can exist in either of two conformations, as determined by the orientation of the hydroxyl group about the
asymmetric carbon farthest from the carbonyl.
Sa

By convention, a monosaccharide is said to have D-configuration if the hydroxyl group attached to the asymmetric carbon atom
adjacent to the - CH2OH group is on the right-hand side irrespective of the positions of the other hydroxyl groups. On the other
hand, the molecule is assigned L-configuration if the - OH group attached to the carbon adjacent to the - CH2OH group is on the
left-hand side.
(i) (c) enantiomers
Explanation: enantiomers
(ii) (c) >C = O and -OH
Explanation: Carbohydrates are essentially polyhydroxy aldehydes and polyhydroxy ketones. Thus, the two
functional groups present are >C = 0 (aldehyde or ketone) and -OH.

5/8
Sarvesh Dixit CSD
 (iii) (d) D-type
Explanation: D-type
(iv) (d) may contain 3 to 7 carbon atoms
Explanation: may contain 3 to 7 carbon atoms
(v) (d) D-erythrose, D-threose, L-erythrose, L-threose
Explanation:

53. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones and those compounds which on hydrolysis give such compounds are also
carbohydrates. The carbohydrates which are not hydrolysed are called monosaccharides. Monosaccharides with aldehydic group
are called aldose and those which free ketonic groups are called ketose. Carbohydrates are optically active. Number of optical
isomers = 2n

SD
Where n = number of asymmetric carbons. Carbohydrates are mainly synthesised by plants during photosynthesis. The
monosaccharides give the characteristic reactions of alcohols and carbonyl group (aldehydes and ketones). It has been found that
these monosaccharides exist in the form of cyclic structures. In cyclization, the -OH groups (generally C5 or C4 in aldohexoses
and C5 or C6 in ketohexoses) combine with the aldehyde or keto group. As a result, cyclic structures of five or six membered rings

C
containing one oxygen atom are formed, e.g., glucose forms a ring structure. Glucose contains one aldehyde group, one 1o
alcoholic group and four 2o alcoholic groups in its open-chain structure.
xit
(i) (b) ketotriose
Explanation: ketotriose
(ii) (b) 16
Di
Explanation: 16
(iii) (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
Explanation: Glucose contains four chiral centres.
sh

(iv) (d) The carbon atoms 3, 4, and 5 in both have the same configuration.
Explanation: In the formation of osazone, C-1 and C-2 react with phenylhydrazine to form phenylhydrazone. If C-3,
C-4, C-5 have the same configuration they will form the same osazone even if they differ in configuration at C-1 or
rve

C-2.
(v) (c) Pentaacetate of glucose does not react with hydroxylamine.
Explanation: Pentacetate of glucose does not react with hydroxylamine showing the absence of free -CHO group.
Sa

This cannot be explained by the open structure of glucose.

54. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
When a solution of an α -amino acid is placed in an electric field depending on the pH of the medium, the following three cases
may happen.
+ + + +
H H
− −
H2 N C HRC O O ⟷ H3 N C HRC O O ⟷ H3 N C HRC OOH
− −
II OH I OH III

i. In alkaline solution, α -amino acids exist as anion II, and there is a net migration of amino acids towards the anode.
ii. In acidic solution, α -amino acids exist as cation III, and there is a net migration of amino acid towards the cathode.
iii. If II and III are exactly balanced there is no net migration; under such conditions, anyone molecule exists as a positive ion and
as a negative ion for exactly the same amount of time, and any small movement in the direction of one electrode is
subsequently canceled by an equal movement back toward the other electrode. The pH of the solution in which particular
amino acid does not migrate under the influence of an electric field is called the isoelectric point of that amino acid.
(i) (a) H
+

N C HRC O O
−
3

Explanation: In aqueous solutions, amino acids mostly exist as zwitterion or dipolar ions.
R

+ |
−
N H3 − C H− C O O
Z witter ion

6/8
Sarvesh Dixit CSD
 (ii) (a) at their isoelectric points
Explanation: Amino acids are least soluble at their isoelectric points. At a specific pH, called isoelectric point, the
positive and negative charges balance each other and the net charge becomes zero. If there is a charge, the amino acid
prefers to interact with water, rather than other amino acid molecules, this charge makes it more soluble.
(iii) (a) 6.0
Explanation: Isoelectric point = 2.3+9.7

2
=6

(iv) (a) X > Z > Y

+

Explanation: Carboxylic acids are stronger acids than - N H , therefore X is the strongest acid. Since - COOH has -I
3

effect which decreases with distance therefore, effect is more pronounced on Z than on Y. As a result Z is more acidic
than Y, therefore, the overall order of increasing acid strength is X > Z > Y.
(v) (c) Glu-Cys-Gly
Explanation:
Since the tripeptide on hydrolysis gave two dipeptides Glu-Cys and Cys-Gly, hence, cysteine must be in between
glutamic acid and glycine as given below :

D
CS
55. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
xit
Pentose and hexose undergo intramolecular hemiacetal or hemiketal formation due to combination of the -OH group with the
carbonyl group. The actual structure is either of five or six membered ring containing an oxygen atom. In the free state all
pentoses and hexoses exist in pyranose form (resembling pyran). However, in the combined state some of them exist as five
Di
membered cyclic structures, called fiiranose (resembling furan).
sh

The cyclic structure of glucose is represented by Haworth structure:

rve
Sa

α and β -D-glucose have different configurations at anomeric (C-1) carbon atom, hence are called anomers and the C-1 carbon
atom is called anomeric carbon (glycosidic carbon).
The six-membered cyclic structure of glucose is called the pyranose structure.
(i) (c) isomers of glucose that differ in configuration at carbon one (C-1)
Explanation: Anomers are cyclic monosaccharides or glycosides that are epimers, differing from each other in the
configuration at C-1, if they are aldoses or in the configuration, at C-2 if they are ketoses.
(ii) (b) 64%
Explanation: Ordinary glucose is α -glucose, with a fresh aqueous solution having specific rotation, [α] = +111o.
D

On keeping the solution for some time, α -glucose slowly changes into an equilibrium mixture of α -glucose (36%)
and β -glucose (64%) and the mixture has specific rotation + 52.5o.

7/8
Sarvesh Dixit CSD
(iii) (b) an aldohexose
Explanation: This structure is an example of pyranose and aldohexose. Here, the structure of the carbohydrate is of
the β -pyranose form.
(iv) (b) C-1
Explanation: C-1 is the anomeric carbon.
(v) (a) anomers
Explanation: α -D-(+)-glucose and β -D-(+)-glucose differ in configuration at C1 (i.e., anomeric or glycosidic
carbon) and hence are called anomers.

D
CS
xit
Di
sh
rve
Sa

8/8
Sarvesh Dixit CSD