LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS – 1

Read these following texts and choose the correct answer.

Text 1 (Questions 1 – 6)
Supporting free trade is out of fashion. In rich countries, it has been blamed for job losses and all but
abandoned by policymakers. Over the past century, trade had been increasing as a percentage of the entire
global economy, but this peaked around the Global Financial Crisis and is now declining. This is true for
Indonesia as well, where trade has dropped from 59 percent of the economy in 2008 to 40 percent today. This
is regrettable because ensuring freer trade turns out to be one of the world’s best development policies. It has
been known for centuries that trade lifts incomes because it allows a nation to specialize and produce
effectively what it does best. One study finds that trade makes us all 27 percent richer, meaning that countries
on average have incomes more than one-fourth higher compared to a world without trade. Trade doesn’t just
lift average incomes. It also helps lift the world’s poor out of abject poverty. One of the most cited recent
studies finds that the incomes of the poorest 20 percent grow as fast as the average.
We have seen this clearly in the world’s two most populous nations, China and India. As China’s trade
soared, incomes rose seven-fold and extreme poverty declined from 28 percent to near zero today. India has
experienced a similar if more muted trajectory: when tariffs were reduced from a stifling 56 percent in 1990
to 6 percent in 2020, average incomes rose almost four-fold, and extreme poverty declined from 22 percent to
1.8 percent. We have seen similar trajectories for other fast-growing countries like South Korea, Chile, and
Vietnam. Prosperity from trade really is shared.
It is little wonder then that achieving freer trade is one of the promises that world leaders have signed up
for with the so-called Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. Unfortunately, the world is failing on this
promise and on most other promises. It is no secret why. Leaders promised everything to everyone, and the
list of promises runs to 169 targets. Having 169 priorities is like having none at all. The list has plenty of core
targets such as increased trade, the eradication of infant mortality, better schooling, and the elimination of war
and climate change. But simultaneously it includes well-intentioned but much more peripheral targets like
boosting recycling, more urban parks, and promotion of lifestyles in harmony with nature. New, peer-reviewed
research shows why more trade should be at top of the global agenda. The research takes into account the
problems of job losses highlighted by rich-world politicians. It maps out how much additional cost freer trade
imposes on these workers through losing their jobs, needing to reskill (often to lower-paying jobs), or leaving
the job market altogether. (the JPapril2023)

1. Which of the following best restates the
underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A. Free trade has been an issue of debate for a
long time and many things are detrimental
so that many countries do not practice it.
B. The trade agreements on the SDGs signed
by world leaders have not had a positive
impact on the countries that agreed to
them.
C. Obtaining freer trade which is an
agreement in the SDGs by world leaders is
one way for countries to become
prosperous and welfare.
D. Free trade between developed and
developing countries has been limited by
the SDGs agreement since it was signed by
world leaders.
E. Free trade is only for developed countries
so that the poor and developing countries
suffer their economies.
2. From this passage, we can assume that….
A. freer trade and mutually beneficial
agreements are great trade opportunities
for poor countries that have been neglected
so far.
B. the prosperity of a country is not associated
with a country running free trade or not.
C. free trade between developing countries
and developed countries has become an
international debate since three decades
ago.
D. poor countries in Asian continent do not
need to be involved in free trade because
their human resources are very low.

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 E. The enactment of free trade has made poor
and developing countries more likely to
experience economic crises.
3. The paragraph preceding the passage most
likely discusses….
A. free trade has become the main goal of
trade in developed countries.
B. the strict implementation of free trade has
been widely violated by developed
countries.
C. good global economic growth can be seen
from the increasing number of developed
countries in the world.
D. the slow economic growth of countries
happens because they do not take
advantage from free trade seriously.
E. free trade is still considered and
implemented as a means of economic
growth and prosperity of a country.
4. From paragraph 2, the author of the passage is
trying to convey that….
A. the economic growth in many countries is
not supported by free trade.
B. China and India which are the most
populous countries in the world can
successfully eradicate poverty.
C. the prosperity from free trade is merely
intended for the welfare of developed
countries.
D. the countries in the Asian continent are not
provoked to do free trade with other
continents.
E. free trade agreements in the world
economic growth have been violated by
many Asian countries.
5. Based on the reading text, which is not the list
of priorities related to Sustainable
Development Goals for 2030?
A. the eradication of infant fatality
B. the availability of proper school
C. the elimination of conflict
D. the encouragement of urban parks
E. the barriers to cooperation in commerce
6. All of the following statements are true
according to the passage, EXCEPT…
A. Indonesian trade has dropped from 59
percent of the economy in 2008 to 40
percent today.
B. the ensuring freer trade turns out to be one
of the world’s best development policies.
C. trade in South Korea, Chile, and Vietnam
can increase average income and eradicate
poverty significantly.
D. stopping recycling of secondhand goods in
the SDGs target agreement has been
agreed by many countries.
E. India's poverty remaining only 1.8 percent
today and average income has quadrupled.

Text 2 (Questions 7 – 12)

TEXT 01
According to the Cambridge dictionary, flexing is "a way to exhibit excessive pride in one's achievements
or possessions, especially in a manner likely to irritate others." The new practice of public officials in Indonesia
showing off their lavish wealth on social media has driven a stir. It is triggered by the arrest of Mario Dandy
Satrio, the son of tax officer Rafael Alun Trisambodo, for assaulting a juvenile on Feb. 20. In the following
days, photos and videos showcasing Mario's lavish lifestyle and his father's rumoured Rp 56 billion (US$3.6
million) fortune surfaced, prompting inspection regarding the source of the funds, as reported by The Jakarta
Post. Andhi Pramono, head of customs in Makassar, whose family also flaunts his wealth, made headlines
shortly after. His daughter had posted photos of herself wearing a Rp 22 million ($1,458) top and Rp 1 million
($66) trousers on her social media account.
As such, President Joko Widodo urged public officials not to flaunt their wealth, at the Cabinet Plenary
Session in the State Palace, on March 2. "I urge you, don't flaunt your authority or fortune, especially on
Instagram and other social media," President Jokowi said, as quoted by Detik. "That's very inappropriate
bureaucratic behaviour," he continued. Hard to eradicate The founder of Asosiasi Influencer Indonesia (AFI),
Wenny Fatma Triyanti, said the widespread availability of internet access that can reach a broader audience
becomes the primary factor that makes it challenging to eradicate flexing culture from the general public.
As of 2021 there will be around 191.4 million social media users in Indonesia, as reported by Statista, an
online platform specializing in market and consumer data. After China and India, Indonesia had the third-

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highest social media users in the Asia-Pacific region in 2021. Furthermore, appealing to a niche audience
through displays of cultural capital becomes a quick way to go out of business. She explains that in a nation
of 273 million people, with varying socioeconomic classes and a significant social divide, many individuals
are interested in gaining a glimpse into the lavish lifestyles of the wealthy. Citing Statistics Indonesia (BPS),
the poverty rate in Indonesia was reported to be 9.57 percent in September 2022, with 26.36 million people
living below the poverty line. "There are the possibilities of people who dream of achieving the success they
want through consuming the flexing culture content," Wenny said. (theJPapril2023)

TEXT 02
Flaunting wealth seems to be an obsession these days, fuelled in large part by the reach and instant
gratification of social media. Gadgets allow attention-seekers to post photos showing off sports cars, branded
clothing and accessories, expensive holidays and haute dining. The more extravagant their spending, the more
they dazzle friends and followers, and this feeds into a cycle of competition to outdo one another. Amid an
avalanche of wealth-related scandals in the civil service, President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo has stepped in and
told officials, and presumably their families, to stop showing off their wealth on social media. Really, he should
have extended the appeal to the whole country. The President’s remarks were targeted at officials at the
Taxation Directorate General, after revelations about lavish lifestyles there that seemed fundamentally
misaligned with what civil servants’ positions should provide.
The scandals have come at a particularly sensitive time. This is the month when people are supposed to be
submitting their tax returns, and already, Said Aqil Siroj, a respected ulama and former chairman of Nahdlatul
Ulama (NU), is calling on people to boycott their taxes. The spark that set off the backlash was the assault of
a teenager by the son of Rafael Alun Trisambodo, a senior tax official. After a video of the beating went viral,
netizens quickly tracked down the social media pages of the son, Mario Dandy Satrio, which displayed his
extravagant lifestyle. The Jeep Rubicon he flaunted on Facebook turned out to be registered to someone else,
a common practice to avoid paying taxes. More revelations followed.
A picture of taxation director general Suryo Utomo and his colleagues riding big bikes went viral,
prompting Finance Minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati to order the dissolution of a bike club made up of top tax
officials. After still more discoveries by internet sleuths and the police, the Corruption Eradication Commission
(KPK) got involved and is now investigating possible large-scale corruption in the tax office and beyond.
Coordinating Political, Legal and Security Affairs Minister Mahfud MD has announced that Rp 300 trillion
(US$19 billion) in suspicious transactions have been flagged at the Finance Ministry, and dozens of senior tax
officers are under investigation for failing to properly disclose their wealth. (theJPapril2023)

7. Which of the following themes is mainly
discussed in both passages?
A. The lifestyle of showing off wealth to
others has been approved by many
Indonesian artists.
B. Many Indonesian teenagers from all
economic levels love a western lifestyle
that entered our country.
C. Flaunting is a western culture that must be
developed and imitated by Indonesians.
D. The role of parents and the teachers at
school is highly demanded to stop the
increasingly lively flexing.
E. Flexing of wealth has become a way of life
for many Indonesians.
8. Based on information from both texts, which of
the following will most likely happen in the
future especially for Indonesian young
generation?
A. They will trigger a cycle of competition to
beat each other because of their parent's
wealth.
B. They feel flaunting their parents' wealth is
something they have to do to make friends
easily.
C. they feel proud to inherit wealth from their
parents therefore they don't have to think
about their future.
D. Unhealthy competition is their main goal
for flexing on social media.
E. Social media as the most appropriate place
for them to show off their wealth because
it is not taxed.

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9. The more extravagant their spending, the more
they dazzle friends and followers, and this
feeds into a cycle of competition to outdo one
another. The word ‘extravagant’ in paragraph
1 TEXT 02 in the passage is closest in meaning
to….
A. generous
B. spendthrift
C. greedy
D. irritating
E. captivating
10. Which of the following best restates the first
sentence in Paragraph 1 in TEXT 02?
A. Social media promises many positive
things for everyone to become rich so they
can flaunt their richness.
B. The interest of the rich to flaunt their
wealth is to find a large following on social
media.
C. Social media is considered by rich people
as the right platform to show off their
wealth therefore it is easily and widely
known by the public.
D. Flaunting wealth is an Indonesian cultural
heritage that really needs to be spread on
social media.
E. Someone's obsession with being rich is
obtained from activities on social media so
that they deserve to show off their wealth
11. Based on the both passages, which of the
following statements shows the author’s
positive attitude toward wealth owned by
public officials in our country?
A. Public officials in Indonesia who have
achieved high achievements and obtained
great prosperity had better perform modest
life.
B. Someone's abundant wealth ought to be
exhibited to the wider community who are
experiencing economic difficulties.
C. Flaunting wealth for public officials is a
very natural thing because they want to
show the success of their achievements at
work.
D. It is hard to convince the public that the
abundant wealth of public officials is
obtained in an instant and illegal way.
E. There is no doubt that if public officials
want to be recognized by the wider
communities, they must flaunt their wealth
on social media.
12. Based on the information from TEXT 01, what
is the chief factor that contributes to wipe out
flexing culture from the general public in our
country?
A. Indonesian people who are very familiar
with the social media they use.
B. Social media platforms promise certain
things for people to become rich and live
in prosperity instantly.
C. Support from the closest family to carry
out flaunting wealth to be called a
successful person.
D. The widespread availability of internet
access that can reach a broader audience.
E. The availability of a new platform that
supports a person do flexing easily and
quickly.

Text 3 (Questions 13 – 16)

One in 10 early deaths could be prevented if everyone engaged in a small amount of daily exercise such
as a brisk 11-minute walk, a large study said on Wednesday. Physical activity is known to reduce the risk of
heart disease, cancer and other leading causes of death, but exactly how much is needed to have an impact has
been unclear. So an international team of researchers pooled together the results of 196 previous studies which
included more than 30 million people to create one of the largest reviews conducted on the subject. They
calculated that around one in six early deaths would have been prevented if everyone in the studies had at least
150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity physical activity, which is the level recommended by Britain's
National Health Service. But even half that amount -- 75 minutes a week, or less than 11 minutes a day -- could
prevent one in 10 of those deaths, according to the meta-analysis published in the British Journal of Sports
Medicine. That included a 17-percent reduction of heart disease and a seven-percent fall in cancer. For a person
who engages in little to no physical activity, 11 minutes a day led to a 23-percent lower risk of early death.

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 (1) Soren Brage, an expert on the epidemiology of physical activity at Britain's Cambridge University and
a co-author of the study, told AFP that it was "exceptionally good news". (2) "All you need to do is find a little
bit more than 10 minutes every day," he said. (3) "And you don't have to go to the gym to do these types of
activities, it's part of daily life," he added. (4) He suggested people try getting off at an earlier bus stop on the
way to work -- or cycling home. (5) Traveling using bicycle can support government program to support zero
emission and describe a simple daily lifestyle.
“It's very flexible," he said. Because it takes years to assess how exercise affects the risk of such diseases,
many of the studies were carried out more than a decade ago, Brage said. This means that the activity reported
by the study participants was likely less accurate than what can be achieved by newer technologies such as
fitness trackers, Brage said, acknowledging this was a limitation of the study. Cardiovascular diseases such as
heart attack and stroke killed 17.9 million people globally in 2019, while cancer accounted for nearly 10 million
deaths the following year, according to the World Health Organization. (theJPapril2023)

13. Based on the information from the passage, it 16. Which of the following obviously shows the
can be inferred that…. author’s false idea in the passage?
A. a controversy is related to walking in A. Cardiovascular diseases such as heart
treadmill as the only mild exercise that attack and stroke killed 17.9 million people
extends one's life. globally in 2019.
B. moderate exercise has no correlation with B. Soren Brage strongly recommends us to go
heart disease prevention. to fitness centre to acquire healthy body.
C. the 11 minutes daily walk is considered the C. WHO noted cancer accounted for nearly
easiest way for people with chronic disease 10 million deaths in 2020.
to exercise regularly. D. Many studies have examined the link
D. regular morning walks can have a positive between daily walking and heart disease,
impact on one's body health. cancer more than a decade ago.
E. study reveals that 11-minute daily walk E. The newer technology such as fitness
could prevent one in 10 early deaths. trackers can become more accurate in
examining the link between physical
14. In the passage there are statements like these. activity than the study participants report.
Physical activity is known to reduce the risk of
heart disease, cancer and other leading causes
of death, but exactly how much is needed to
have an impact has been unclear. If physical
activity were proved to lessen the risk of cardio
vascular disease, cancer and other leading
causes of death, many people…it regularly.
A. would be considered and done
B. wouldn’t consider and do
C. would consider and do
D. would have considered and done
E. wouldn’t have considered and done
17. Based on the infographic, we can learn that
15. Which sentence is NOT relevant to the topic heart attack patients ….
discussed in paragraph 2?
A. had better evade alcohol beverages
A. Sentence (1)
B. sleep late every night
B. Sentence (2)
C. can do heavy and extreme exercises
C. Sentence (3) D. have to disregard nutritious food
D. Sentence (4) E. ignore to check blood pressure
E. Sentence (5)

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Text 4 (Questions 18 – 20)
Plastic waste is a global scourge. Yet it represents an enormous economic opportunity if it can be
transformed into high-quality recycled feedstock. Nowhere is this more apparent than in ASEAN where
because per capita consumption is growing, plastic waste is now a significant challenge, and municipal waste
management remains unable to cope.
In Thailand, up to US$4.3 billion per year or 87 percent of the potential value of plastic resins is lost,
because the material is not reprocessed and put back to use. In Vietnam the figure is $2.9 billion per year,
where some 2.6 million tons of plastic are thrown away with all the unsorted trash. What these figures don’t
show is the growing volume of plastic, particularly single use bottles, being recovered by informal collectors.
By some estimates there are up to 5 million collectors in Indonesia hand-picking increasingly valuable
plastic items from the 4.8 million tons of mismanaged waste each year. Their entrepreneurial effort represents
the vanguard of a nascent recycling revolution, from which they deserve to benefit.
If governments have been slow to roll out waste management systems, they should be looking at ways to
support the dynamic commercial sector now doing it for them. Communities recycling waste need investment
in logistics infrastructure, upgraded collection facilities and training in process management. Land could be
made available for warehousing. Subsidies could be offered for electricity for environmentally responsible
processors. Policies to support access to finance for upgrading machinery and transport could be a game
changer. Recycling processing and manufacturing creates on average of 10-25 times more jobs than landfilling
of waste, so it can help meet multiple objectives for municipalities. Individual collectors and upstream
processors deserve a bigger economic stake in the industry. Currently only the thinnest slice of the value chain
goes to those who work the hardest to collect, sort, compact and bale the recycled plastic. Profit margins are
healthy for producers of flakes or pellets. As capturing quality supply becomes more competitive it makes
sense to reward collectors with inclusive business models or even offering them equity stakes. Governments
could offer tax benefits for companies that organize collectors cooperatively or offer profit-sharing strategies
which will increase collection rates, improve quality, and keep plastic waste out of the environment.
(theJPapril2023)

18. The paragraph following the passage most
likely discusses….
A. the involvement of all ASEAN countries in
processing plastic waste will have an
impact on the economic crisis in Indonesia.
B. a great and wide-open opportunity is given
to diligent collectors of plastic waste by
acquiring special training from
government to know recycling process.
C. the local government does not need to
intervene and cooperate with other
ASEAN countries to deal with plastic
waste.
D. The involvement of environment Ministers
in each ASEAN country is not really
needed in cooperation in processing plastic
waste.
E. The role of plastic waste collectors in the
early stages of household waste should be
seriously tackled by the local government
alone.
19. The author would apparently agree that the
phenomenon of plastic waste and recycling
discussed in the passage is similar to the
phenomenon between….
A. mental disorder and flaunting wealth
B. ecosystem damage and extinct species
C. global warming and climate change
D. carbon footprint and reducing use of fossil
fuels
E. severe drought and predicting natural
disaster
20. Based on the text, it can be hypothesized that…
A. developed countries must help poor countries
in processing excess plastic waste.
B. a wise solution to plastic waste is to close
plastic manufacturing Factories in the
southeast region.
C. governments in ASEAN ought to embrace and
find a solution of plastic waste issue.
D. some countries in Southeast Asia are not
interested in processing plastic waste because
it is unprofitable business.
E. The problem of plastic waste in Southeast
Asian countries has been internationally
debated for a long time.

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