Reviewer for Technology for Teaching and Learning

John Pisapia (1994) - integrating technology means the use of learning technologies to
introduce, reinforce, supplement, and extend skills.
- Integrating technology into curricula.
International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) - effective integration of technology is
achieved when students can select technology to help them obtain information on time.
- Technology should become an integral part of how the classroom functions as
accessible as tools.
Margaret Loyd (2005) - ICT integration encompasses an integral part of border curriculum
reforms which include both infrastructure as well as pedagogical considerations .
Qiyun Wang and Huay Lit Woo (2007) - integrating ICT into teaching and learning is a growing
area that has attracted many educators’ efforts in recent years.
- ICT integration can happen in 3 different areas: curriculum, topic, and lesson.
Bernard Bahati (2010) - the process of integrating ICT in teaching and learning has to be done at
both pedagogical and technological levels with much emphasis put on pedagogy.
UNESCO (2005) - ICT integration is not merely mastering the hardware and software skills.
Teachers need to realize how to organize the classroom to structure the learning tasks so the ICT
resources become automatic and natural responses to the requirements for learning
environments in the same way as teachers use markers and whiteboards in the classroom.
Moursand (2005) - ICT includes the full range of computer hardware, computer software, and
telecommunication facilities.
Tinio (2009) - ICT is a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate,
create, disseminate, store, and manage information.
UNESCO (2020) - (ICT) is a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to transmit,
store, create, share, or exchange information.
- a scientific, technological, and engineering discipline and management
technique used.
- Refers to handling information, its application, and its association with social,
economic, and cultural matters.

Ratheeswari (2018) - ICT influences every aspect of human life.

 - people recognize ICTs as catalysts for change.
- ICT is important in the classroom for giving students opportunities to learn
and apply the required 21st-century skills.

Conversational Framework of Laurillard (2002) - The teaching-learning process poses a very complex
task to allow learners to understand their lessons and master the skills they are expected to
demonstrate. Thus, it will be reassuring if teachers will explore engaging various media to support
various learning activities in classrooms.

- relevant in the field of language education since this field requires appropriate
and complex use of various technologies.
- presents the way teaching events in language classrooms can be thoroughly
related to their language learning events.
- 5 key teaching and learning events
1. Acquisition
2. Discovery
3. Dialogue
4. Practice
5. Eration

Five events are specific teaching strategies, learning actions or experiences, related media form,
examples of non-computer-based activity, and examples of computer–based activity.

Three Fundamental Elements of ICT Integration by Wang (2008)- pedagogy, social interaction, and
technology

Haddad (2003)- states that the teachers’ use of ICT supports the development of higher-order-thinking
skills and promotes collaboration.
 21st Century Skills

21st Century skills- abilities that today’s students need to succeed in their careers during the
information age.

12 21st Century Skills:

1. Critical Thinking- finding solutions to problems; it is what helps students figure out for
themselves when they don’t have a teacher at their disposal.
2. Creativity- thinking outside the box; equally important as a means of adaptation.
3. Collaboration- working with others; the most difficult concept in the four C’s; key element of
willingness.
4. Communication- talking to others; the glue that brings all of these educational qualities
together.
5. Information Literacy- understanding facts, figures, statistics, and data; the foundational skill.
6. Media Literacy- understanding the methods and outlets in which information is published; the
practice of identifying publishing methods while distinguishing between the ones that are
credible and the ones that are not.
7. Technology Literacy- understanding the machines that make the Information Age possible;
gives the basic information that we need to understand what gadgets perform what tasks and
why.
8. Flexibility- deviating from plans as needed; the expression of someone’s ability to adapt to
changing circumstances
9. Leadership- motivating a team to accomplish a goal; a penchant for setting goals.
10. Initiative-- starting projects, strategies, and plans on one’s own
11. Productivity- maintain efficiency in an age of distractions
12. Social Skills- meeting and networking with others for mutual benefit

Learning Skills (4 C’s)- teaches students about the mental processes required to adapt and improve
upon a modern work environment.

- Most popular 21st-century skills.

- They are universal needs for any career.
Literacy Skills (IMT)- focuses on how students can discern facts, publishing outlets, and the technology
behind them.

Life Skills (FLIPS)- take a look at intangible elements of a student’s everyday life.