Shree Warana Vibhag Shikshan Mandal’s

T.K.I.E.T.Warananagar
Mechanical Engineering Department
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Subject: Energy & Power Engineering Class: B.E.Mech.
Semester: II Faculty: M.V.Jadhav
Unit No.1 1) What is the rate of solar
energy reaching the earth surface?
a) 1016W
b) 865W
c) 2854W
d) 1912W
Answer: a
Explanation: The solar energy reaching the surface of the earth is about 1016W whereas the
worldwide power demand is 1013W. That means solar energy gives us 1000 times more energy
than our requirement.

2) What is total amount of solar energy received by earth and atmosphere?

a) 3.8 X 1024 J/year
b) 9.2 X 1024 J/year
c) 5.4 X 1024 J/year
d) 2.1 X 1024 J/year
Answer: a
Explanation: Even if we use 5% of this energy, it is more than 50 times our requirement. The total
solar radiation absorbed by the earth and its atmosphere is 3.8 X 1024 Joules/year. Except that it is
distributed over the area of earth.

3) Oil is estimated to last for ________ more.

a) 100 years
b) 500 years
c) A decade
d) 800 years
Answer: a
Explanation: Almost 40% of energy needs is met by oil alone. With present consumption and a

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resource of 250,000 million tonnes of oil, it is estimated to be last for only 100 years, unless more oil
is discovered. Major chunk of oil comes from petroleum.

4) In what form is solar energy is radiated from the sun?

a) Ultraviolet Radiation
b) Infrared radiation
c) Electromagnetic waves
d) Transverse waves
Answer: c
Explanation: Solar energy is radiated from the sun in the form of electromagnetic waves of shorter
wavelength of 0.2 to 0.4 micrometers. Out of all the solar energy radiations reaching the earth’s
atmosphere, 8% is ultraviolet radiation, 40% is visible range light and 46% is by infrared radiation.

5) Solar radiation received at any point of earth is called ______________

a) Insolation
b) Beam Radiation
c) Diffuse Radiation
d) Infrared rays
Answer: a
Explanation: Insolation is the total solar radiation received at any point on any point on the earth’s
surface. In other words insolation is the sum of the direct and diffuse radiation. More specifically
insolation is defined as the total solar radiation energy received on a horizontal surface of unit area
on the ground in unit time.

6) To how many types are flat plate collectors divided depending on type of heat transfer fluid?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: a
Explanation: Based on the type of heat transfer fluid, flat plate collectors are divided into two types,
they are Liquid Heating Collectors and Air or gas heating collectors. And also happens that all other
types of collectors come under these two types.
7) Liquid heating collectors are mainly used for _________
a) heating water

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b) generating electricity
c) cooking
d) trapping sunlight
Answer: a
Explanation: Liquid heating collectors are mainly used for heating water. A liquid based solar
collector is a solar collector that uses sunlight to heat a liquid that is circulating in a solar loop. The
fluid in the solar loop may be water, an anti freeze mixture or thermal oil.

8) _______ is a glazing which limits the radiation and convection heat losses.
a) Absorber plate
b) Selective surface
c) Insulation
d) Transparent cover
Answer: d
Explanation: A transparent cover is glazing which limits the radiation and heat convection losses. It
includes one or more sheets of glass or radiation transmitting plastic film or sheet. The glass itself is
always a single pane adding to adding the second reduces the collector efficiency.

9) Angle made by plane surface with horizontal is called ________

a) Slope
b) Altitude angle
c) Zenith angle
d) Hour Angle
Answer: a
Explanation: The slope is the angle made by the plane surfaces with the horizontal. It is considered
positive for surfaces slopping towards the south and negative for surface slopping towards the north.
Different types of measurements are calculated by slopes.

10) The angle of deviation of the normal to the surface from the local meridian is called as
_________
a) Surface azimuth angle
b) Solar azimuth angle
c) Solar altitude
d) Hour angle
Answer: a

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Explanation: Surface azimuth angle is the angle of deviation of the normal to the surface from the
local meridian, the zero point being south, east positive and west negative. And surface azimuth is
different where it is an angle on a horizontal plane between the normal to a vertical surface and the
north-south direction line.

11) The angle being measured from a plane and which is equal to angle between the beam of rays
and normal to the plane is called __________
a) Incident angle
b) Azimuth angle
c) Hour angle
d) Declination
Answer: a
Explanation: The angle being measured from a plane and which is equal to angle between the beam
of rays and normal to the plane is called as incident angle. And it is denoted by Greek letter θ
(Theta). The angle of incidence (θ) is the angle between the sun’s rays irradiated on a surface and
the line normal to this surface.

12) LST stands for __________

a) Local standard time
b) Local solar temperature
c) Low surface temperature
d) Land surface temperature
Answer: b
Explanation: Local solar time is also known as local apparent time which is the time used for
calculating the hour angle. The local solar time is obtained from the standard time observed on a
clock by making two corrections. First, is taking different longitudes between the locations and
second is correction due to small perturbations of earth’s orbit and rate of rotation.

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13) How much would be the angle of declination on DECEMBER 21 at 0900 h (LAT). The collector s
located in New Delhi (28 35’N, 77 12’E) and is tilted at an angle of 36 with the horizontal and is
o o o

pointing south?
a) -44.28 o

b) -28.92 o

c) -23.45 o

d) -42.22 o

Answer: c
Explanation: In the case γ = 0 , on December 21, n=355
o

14) What is angle of declination on 305 day of year and what day is it?
th

a) -23.26 , November 2
o

b) -15.06 , November 1
o

c) -18.96 , November 2
o

d) -10.52 , November 1
o

Answer: b
Explanation: Angle of declination on 305 day of the year i.e. on NOVEMBER 1
th

15) What is the angle of declination on May 12 considering it’s a leap year?
a) 20.34 o

b) 22.85 o

c) 29.42 o

d) 12.4o

Answer: a
Explanation: Angle of declination on May 21 in leap year is 142 day of the year.
nd

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16) The amount of energy received in unit time on a unit area perpendicular to the sun’s direction at
the mean distance of the earth from the sun is called ________.
a) Solar radiation
b) Solar constant
c) Intensity of solar radiation
d) Air Mass
Answer: b
Explanation: The amount of energy received in unit time on a unit area perpendicular to the sun’s
direction at the mean distance of the earth from the sun is called solar radiation. It is defined as the

solar energy receiving at the top of the atmosphere, denoted by sc I .

17) Which type of device is used to measure solar irradiance on a planar surface?
a) Pyranometer
b) Net radiometer
c) Gardon gauge
d) Pyrheliometer
Answer: a
Explanation: A Pyranometer is a type of actinometer used for measuring solar irradiance on a planar
surface and it is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density from the hemisphere above
within a wavelength range 0.3μm to 3μm.

18) How is heat loss over come in liquid plate collectors?

a) By insulation
b) By casing
c) By the transparent cover
d) From provided tubes
Answer: a

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Explanation: Heat is transferred from the absorber plate to a point of use by the circulating fluid via
water across the solar heated surface. The heat loss from the surface is prevented by placing
thermal insulation of 5 to 10cm thickness behind the absorber plate.

19) The time from sunrise to sunset is termed as _______________

a) Slope
b) Day length
c) Local solar time
d) Solar intensity
Answer: b
Explanation: The time from sunrise to sunset is termed as day length. On earth, daytime is roughly
the period of the day during which any given point in the world experiences natural illumination from
especially direct sunlight. Daytime occurs when the sun appears above the local horizon, that is,
anywhere on the globe’s hemisphere facing the Sun. During daytime, an observer sees indirect
sunlight while in the shade, which includes cloud cover.

20) What are the disadvantage of solar energy

(a) A large surface area is required collect the solar
(b) Daily average of solar energy varies from 4 to 7 kwh/m2
(c) Highly hazardous toxic material is used in the manufacturing of solar device.
(d) All of the above are disadvantages.
Answer: d
Explanation: (d) All the points given are the disadvantage age of using solar energy.

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1) A typical output of a solar cell is

A. 0.1 V

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 B. 0.26 V
C. 1.1 V
D. 2 V

Answer: B. 0.26 V

2) The efficiency of a solar cell may be in the range

A. 2 to 5%
B. 10 to 15%
C. 30 to 40%
D. 70 to 80%

Answer: B. 10 to 15%

3) Solar cells are made from bulk materials that are cut into wafer of _________ thickness.
a) 120-180μm
b) 120-220μm
c) 180-220μm
d) 180-240μm
Answer: d
Explanation: Solar cells are made from the bulk materials that are cut into wafers of thickness 180-
240μm. Many currently available cells are cut into wafers.

4) __________ is one of the most important materials is also known as solar grade silicon.
a) Crushed silicon
b) Crystalline silicon
c) Powdered silicon
d) Silicon
Answer: b
Explanation: The crystalline silicon is one of the most important materials that are also called as
solar grade silicon. The mono crystalline, poly crystalline silicon and ribbon silicon are the other
types of silicon that are used.

5) The amount of photo generated current increases slightly with an increase in _________
a) Temperature
b) Photons
c) Diode current
d) Shunt current
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Answer: a
Explanation: The amount of the photo generated current is slightly increased due to an increase in
the temperature. If the photo generated current increases then the output current increases.

6) A module in a solar panel refers to

a. Series arrangement of solar cells.
b. Parallel arrangement of solar cells.
c. Series and parallel arrangement of solar cells.
d. None of the above.
ANSWER: c. Series and parallel arrangement of solar cells.

7) What is the maximum possible output of a solar array?

a. 300 W/m2
b. 100 W/m2
c. 250 W/m2
d. 500 W/m2
ANSWER: c. 250 W/m2

8) Photovoltaic cell or solar cell converts........

A.Thermal energy into electricity
B.Electromagnetic radiation directly into electricity
C.Solar radiation into thermal energy
D.Solar radiation into kinetic energy
Answer: B.Electromagnetic radiation directly into electricity]

9) Which of the following materials cannot be used as solar cells materials?

a) Si
b) GaAs
c) CdS
d) PbS
Answer: d
Explanation: If we use PbS as the solar cell material, then most of the solar radiation will be
absorbed on the top-layer of the solar cell and will not reach in the depletion zone.

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10) Which of the following should not be the characteristic of the solar cell material?
a) High Absorption
b) High Conductivity
c) High Energy Band
d) High Availability
Answer: c
Explanation: The Energy Band of the semiconductor should not be too high.
It should be around 1.5 eV so that the incident solar radiation can cause the generation of e-h pairs.

11) Select the incorrect statement from the following option.

a) Fuel cells have high efficiency
b) The emission levels of fuel cells are far below the permissible limits
c) Fuel cells are modular
d) The noise levels of fuel cells are high
Answer: d
Explanation: The noise levels of fuel cells are low. They have high efficiency and are modular but the
emission levels of fuel cells are far below the permissible limits.

12) ______________ and suitable catalyst are required to promote high rate of electrode processes.
a) Lower temperature

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b) Higher temperature
c) Moderate temperature
d) Very low temperature
Answer: b
Explanation: Higher temperature and suitable catalyst are required to promote the high rate of
electrode processes. The reaction at the anode produces electricity and water as by-products. The
catalyst lowers the activation energy required, allowing the reaction to proceed more quickly or at a
lower temperature.

13) A stable interface between solid _________ liquid ____________ and gaseous ___________
promotes high rate of electrode processes.
a) Fuel, electrolyte, electrode
b) Electrode, fuel, electrolyte
c) Electrode, electrolyte, fuel
d) Fuel, electrode, electrolyte
Answer: c
Explanation: A stable interface between solid electrode, liquid electrolyte and gaseous fuel promotes
high rate of electrode processes. Electrodes are always solid and electrolyte is always in liquid
phase.

14) The electrolytic solution used in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is ____________

a) 75% KOH solution
b) 25% KOH solution
c) 75% NaOH solution
d) 25% NaOH solution
Answer: b
Explanation: The electrolytic solution used in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is 25% KOH solution by
volume.

15) The residual product discharged by the hydrogen-oxygen cell is ____________

a) Hydrogen peroxide
b) Alcohol
c) Water
d) Potassium permanganate
Answer: c

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Explanation: The residual product discharged by the hydrogen-oxygen cell is water. It is formed by
the oxidation reaction taking place at electrodes and combining the hydrogen and oxygen molecules.

16) Fuel cells are free from vibrations, heat transfer and thermal pollution.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Fuel cells are free from vibrations, heat transfer and thermal pollution. The first
commercial use of fuel cells came more than a century later in NASA space programs to generate
power for satellites and space capsules.

17) The temperature maintained in the standard hydrogen electrode is _____________

a) 22 C
o

b) 23 C
o

c) 24 C
o

d) 25 C
o

Answer: d
Explanation: The temperature maintained in the standard hydrogen electrode is 25 C, pressure is
o

maintained at 1 atmosphere.

18) The energy of the fuel cells ___________

a) Can be recharged
b) Cannot be recharged
c) Is stored
d) Cannot be said
Answer: c
Explanation: The energy of the fuel cells is stored. Energy can be withdrawn indefinitely as long as
outside supply of fuel is maintained.

19) The type of reactions in a fuel cell is not determined by __________

a) fuel and oxidizer combination
b) composition of electrolyte
c) materials of anode and cathode
d) catalytic effects of reaction container
Answer: d

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Explanation: The catalytic effects of electrodes rather than that of reaction container effects the fuel
cell reactions.

20) Which of these fuel cells operates at high temperatures and pressures?
a) High temperature solid oxide fuel cell
b) alkaline fuel cell
c) molten carbon fuel cell
d) phosphoric acid fuel cell
Answer: c
Explanation: The Molten Carbon Fuel Cell operates at high temperatures and pressures.

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