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Understanding Human Sexuality 13th

Edition Hyde Test Bank


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Chapter 05
Sex Hormones, Sexual Differentiation, and the Menstrual Cycle
1. Hormones are
A. manufactured solely by the sex glands—the testes and the ovaries.
B. secreted directly into the bloodstream.
C. manufactured solely by the pituitary glands.
D. of only two types—androgens and estrogens.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

2. Which of the following statements is true of the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus?
A. The pituitary and the hypothalamus are located in the frontal lobe.
B. The hypothalamus directly secretes the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
C. The pituitary is the master gland of the endocrine system.
D. The hypothalamus solely focuses on regulating the eating behavior in humans.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

3. The _____ plays a major role in regulating the four functions of eating, drinking, fighting, and sexual behavior.
A. cerebellum
B. adrenal glands
C. gonads
D. hypothalamus

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

5-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent
of McGraw-Hill Education.
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

4. Which of the following regulates the pituitary gland?


A. cerebellum
B. hypothalamus
C. gonads
D. adrenal glands

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

5. The production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) takes place in the
A. hypothalamus.
B. ovaries and testes, respectively.
C. pituitary gland.
D. pancreas.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

6. The region of the brain that secretes the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the
A. hypothalamus.
B. pituitary.
C. medulla.
D. hippocampus.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

7. Which of the following hormones regulates the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone
(LH) by the pituitary gland?
A. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
B. testosterone
C. progesterone
D. estrogen

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

8. Which of the following regulates the output of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus in males?
A. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B. luteinizing hormone (LH)

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C. pituitary gland
D. testosterone

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

9. Which of the following is most likely to result from having low levels of testosterone in the blood?
A. increased production of inhibin by the testes
B. decreased production of luteinizing hormone (LH) by the pituitary gland
C. increased production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus
D. decreased production of oxytocin hormones by the testes

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

10. Identify the hormone that controls sperm production.


A. luteinizing hormone
B. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. oxytocin
D. estrogen

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

11. _____ regulates estrogen production in females and testosterone production in males.
A. Adrenaline
B. The luteinizing hormone (LH)
C. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
D. Oxytocin

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

12. Which of the following produces the hormone called inhibin?


A. the adrenal glands
B. the cells of Bartholin's gland
C. Sertoli cells of the testes
D. the pituitary gland

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember

5-3
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of McGraw-Hill Education.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

13. Inhibin
A. is a hormone found only in men.
B. plays a major role in increasing sperm production.
C. primarily regulates luteinizing hormone (LH) production.
D. regulates follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in a negative feedback loop.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Male Sex Hormone Systems

14. One of the main functions of estrogen includes


A. stimulating breast growth.
B. decreasing the mucous membrane of the vagina.
C. stimulating secretion of milk by the mammary glands after a woman has given birth to a child.
D. promoting bone growth past the pubertal years.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems

15. Identify the hormone that is responsible for maintaining the mucous membranes of the vagina and stopping the growth of
bone and muscle.
A. prolactin
B. oxytocin
C. progesterone
D. estrogen

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems

16. Which of the following is most likely to result from increased levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in females?
A. decreased levels of estrogen
B. increased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH)
D. decreased levels of estradiol

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems

17. Which of the following is most likely to occur due to increases in the level of estrogen?
A. increased production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
B. decreased production of luteinizing hormone (LH)
C. increased production of prolactin and oxytocin
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D. decreased production of testosterone

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems

18. _____ stimulates secretion of milk by the mammary glands after a woman has given birth to a child.
A. Oxytocin
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. Prolactin

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems

19. Which of the following glands produces prolactin?


A. the adrenal gland
B. the pineal gland
C. the pituitary gland
D. the thyroid gland

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems

20. Oxytocin
A. results from secretions by the ovaries.
B. curbs the contractions of the uterus during childbirth.
C. suppresses milk ejection from the nipples.
D. seems to promote affectionate bonding.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems

21. Estrogen and progesterone are manufactured by the


A. ovaries.
B. testes.
C. pituitary gland.
D. hypothalamus.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.

5-5
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of McGraw-Hill Education.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems

22. Identify the hormone that stimulates contractions of the uterus during childbirth.
A. progesterone
B. testosterone
C. oxytocin
D. prolactin

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: List the sex hormone systems in males and females.
Topic: Female Sex Hormone Systems

23. Gonad differentiation occurs


A. at the same time for males and females.
B. earlier for females.
C. earlier for males.
D. during puberty.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Gonads

24. In Klinefelter's syndrome, a genetic male has


A. an extra X chromosome.
B. an extra Y chromosome.
C. an extra chromosome 21. D. no Y chromosome.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Sex Chromosomes

25. Which of the following is true of Klinefelter's syndrome?


A. It occurs in genetic females that have a single X chromosome.
B. It can be reversed by surgery.
C. It results in low testosterone levels.
D. It occurs when a genetic male has an extra Y chromosome (XYY).

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Sex Chromosomes

26. At about 7 weeks post-conception, the sex chromosomes direct the gonads to develop into the _____ in the male.
A. scrotum
B. testis
C. urethra
D. glans

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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Gonads
Topic: Sex Chromosomes

27. The testis-determining factor (TDF) is responsible for


A. differentiation of gonads into testes.
B. differentiation of the Wolffian ducts into testes.
C. descent of the testes after differentiation.
D. differentiation of the Müllerian ducts into testes.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Gonads

28. Which of the following statements is true of the sex-determining region, Y chromosome (SRY)?
A. It is a gene related to the prenatal differentiation of the gonads.
B. It carries genes that control normal functioning of the ovaries.
C. It is secreted by the testis-determining factor (TDF).
D. It is involved in gonad differentiation in both males and females.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Gonads
Topic: Sex Chromosomes

29. In the female, the _____ turn into the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the upper part of the vagina.
A. gonads
B. tubercle
C. Müllerian ducts
D. Wolffian ducts

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Prenatal Hormones

30. The Wolffian ducts develop into the


A. epididymis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct.
B. testes and scrotum.
C. shaft of the penis.
D. prostate gland.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Prenatal Hormones

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31. The inguinal canal is the passageway for the descent of the
A. ovaries.
B. testes.
C. scrotum.
D. fallopian tubes.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Descent of Testes and Ovaries

32. Which of the following statements is true of cryptorchidism?


A. It is a condition resulting from the descent of one or both testes into the scrotum.
B. It occurs when the penis fails to descend from the body.
C. The optimum time for correcting the condition is soon after the first birthday.
D. Treatment is limited to hormonal therapy.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Descent of Testes and Ovaries

33. Which of the following may be a consequence of "undescended testes" in a male?


A. decreased likelihood of testicular cancer
B. increased motility of sperm
C. inhibition of sperm production
D. increased testosterone production

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Descent of Testes and Ovaries

34. The primary sex-differentiated structure in the brain is the _____.


A. occipital lobe
B. thalamus
C. hypothalamus
D. parietal lobe

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Prenatal Hormones

35. Which of the following statements is true of epigenetics?


A. Epigenetics alters the genetic code.
B. Epigenetics refers to a functional change to DNA. C. An epigenetic change involves the substitution of one base pair of DNA
for another.
D. An epigenetic change involves the deletion of one or more base pairs of DNA. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Prenatal Hormones

36. In the context of determination of estrogen sensitivity, if testosterone is present during fetal development, the cells that have
A. estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus become insensitive to estrogen present in the blood stream.
B. androgen receptors in the hypothalamus become highly insensitive to the levels of testosterone in the blood stream.
C. androgen receptors in the hypothalamus become highly sensitive to both estrogen and testosterone.
D. estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus become sensitive to the levels of testosterone in the blood stream.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Prenatal Hormones

37. Which of the following statements regarding brain differentiation in males and females is true?
A. The primary sex-differentiated structure is the cerebellum.
B. The differences in the brain structures of males and females are "hardwired" differences present from birth.
C. The hypothalamus is the only region of the brain that does not show gender differentiation.
D. One of the new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that the hypothalamus andamygdala are larger in men
than women.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Prenatal Hormones

38. The embryonic source of the glans penis is the


A. genital tubercle.
B. genital swelling.
C. Müllerian duct.
D. Wolffian duct.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Homologous Organs

39. Both the clitoris in females and the glans penis in males develop from the same embryonic tissue—the genital tubercle. Thus,
we may say that the clitoris and the glans penis are
A. autologous organs.
B. heterologous organs.
C. monogamous organs.
D. homologous organs.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Homologous Organs

5-9
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of McGraw-Hill Education.
40. Both the clitoris in females and the glans penis in males produce gametes and sex hormones. Based on this information, we
may say that the clitoris and the glans penis are
A. autologous organs.
B. heterologous organs.
C. analogous organs.
D. monogamous organs.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Homologous Organs

41. The Skene's gland in females and the prostate in males have the same embryonic source—the urethral primordia. The Skene's
gland also secretes a fluid that is biologically similar to the milky alkaline fluid secreted by the male prostate. Based on this, we
may say that
A. these organs are homologous but not analogous.
B. these organs are analogous but not homologous.
C. these organs are both analogous and homologous.
D. these organs are neither analogous nor homologous.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Homologous Organs

42. Which of the following organs are both homologous and analogous in the adult female and the adult male respectively?
A. the scrotum and the labia majora (outer lips)
B. the Wolffian duct and the Müllerian duct
C. the hypothalamus and the pituitary
D. the glans penis and the clitoris

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Homologous Organs

43. The testes in the male are homologous to the _____ in the female.
A. clitoris
B. ovaries
C. labia majora (outer lips)
D. labia minora (inner lips)

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Homologous Organs

44. John Money developed eight variables of gender. The particular gender type that refers to the presence of testosterone and
Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) in males but not in females before birth is the
A. assigned gender.

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B. prenatal hormonal gender.
C. pubertal hormonal gender.
D. external genital appearance gender.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Atypical Prenatal Gender Differentiation

45. According to John Money, the gender variable that defines one's gender at birth, as measured by the appearance of the
external genitals, is
A. chromosomal gender.
B. gonadal gender.
C. pubertal hormonal gender.
D. assigned gender.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Atypical Prenatal Gender Differentiation

46. One of your friends is in medical school. She tells you about a syndrome in which a genetic female develops ovaries normally
as a fetus. However, due to the abnormal functioning of the adrenal gland, an excess amount of androgen is produced resulting in
external genitals that are partly or completely male in appearance. Your friend is unable to recall the name of the syndrome. You
know it and are able to tell her that it is
A. congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
B. androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS).
C. cryptorchidism.
D. Klinefelter's syndrome.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Atypical Prenatal Gender Differentiation
Topic: Intersex

47. One of your friends is in medical school. She tells you about a syndrome, where a genetic male produces normal levels of
testosterone. However, his body tissues are insensitive to the testosterone and result prenatal development is feminized. After
describing the syndrome, your friend forgets its name. You know it and are able to tell her that it is
A. congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
B. androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS).
C. cryptorchidism.
D. Klinefelter's syndrome.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Topic: Intersex

48. One of the most common syndromes that can cause an intersex condition and sometimes results in identifying genetic females
as males at birth is

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of McGraw-Hill Education.
A. congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
B. Triple Y syndrome (YYY).
C. Triple X syndrome (XXX).
D. androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS).

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Atypical Prenatal Gender Differentiation
Topic: Intersex

49. The type of abnormality where the male fetus (sex chromosome configuration is XY) is insensitive to androgen is most likely
to result in
A. a woman like external appearance with no uterus and undescended testes.
B. a male with small testes, enlarged breasts, and reduced sex drive.
C. a tall male with unusual sex preferences.
D. a male of exceptional height and weight with borderline mental retardation.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Topic: Intersex

50. The syndrome known as 5-alpha reductase deficiency is caused by


A. a genetic-endocrine problem.
B. an excess production of oxytocin.
C. an excess production of prolactin.
D. congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Atypical Prenatal Gender Differentiation

51. John Money referred to individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and androgen-insensitivity syndrome as _____.
A. transgenders
B. hermaphrodites
C. pseudohermaphrodites
D. homosexuals

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Topic: Atypical Prenatal Gender Differentiation
Topic: Intersex

52. _____ is the time during which there is sudden enlargement and maturation of the gonads, other genitalia, and secondary sex
characteristics, leading to reproductive capacity.
A. Babyhood
B. Prenatal period
C. Puberty

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D. Infancy

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand prenatal sexual differentiation.
Topic: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty

53. _____ represents a psychological transition from the behavior and attitudes of a child to the behavior, attitudes, and
responsibilities of an adult.
A. Adolescence
B. Infancy
C. Babyhood
D. Prenatal period

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Adolescence
Topic: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty

54. Which of the following statements is true of adolescence?


A. Modern American culture has an unusually short period of adolescence.
B. It solely represents a biological transition from child to adult
C. A century ago, adolescence was much longer.
D. In some cultures, adolescence does not exist.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching the2mes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Adolescence
Topic: Culture

55. Adolescence is a socially defined period of development that


A. represents a psychological transition from childhood toward adulthood.
B. is characterized completely by the physiological changes in the body.
C. is marked by the normative and universal time frame of 13 to 18 years.
D. represents the time from conception to birth.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Adolescence
Topic: Culture

56. When comparing the pubertal process in females and males, it is found that
A. girls and boys follow the same pattern of development at the same time.
B. boys begin to change about 2 years later than girls.
C. girls and boys follow significantly different patterns of development, although they occur at the same time.
D. we really cannot say anything definite given our present state of knowledge about sexual development.

Feedback: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty, 99

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of McGraw-Hill Education.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty

57. At age 12, Anna is 5 feet and 2 inches tall, which makes her taller than most boys her age. In the context of pubertal process,
this is most likely due to the fact that
A. the growth spurt occurs in girls but not in boys.
B. the growth spurt for girls tends to be longer than the growth spurt for boys.
C. the growth spurt for girls occurs about two years before the growth spurt for boys.
D. the growth spurt for males is reducing with each passing generation.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty

58. The first sign of puberty in girls is _____.


A. the production of a mature ovum
B. the beginning of menstruation
C. the growth of pubic hair
D. the beginning of breast development

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty

59. Which of the following statements is true of leptin?


A. It is a male hormone and not present in girls.
B. It stimulates the secretion of kisspeptin.
C. It is a female hormone and not present in boys.
D. It inhibits the release of luteinizing hormone (LH).

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty

60. Which of the following hormones is most likely to be involved in the initiation of pubertal development?
A. somatostatin
B. kisspeptin
C. secretin
D. gastrin

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty

61. Penis growth, experienced by the average boy during puberty, is most likely to occur at about the same time as the

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of McGraw-Hill Education.
A. menarche.
B. significant enlargement of the pelvic bone structure.
C. cessation of mensuration.
D. change in his voice.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty

62. Which of the following statements is true of menarche?


A. Menarche signifies that a girl is capable of becoming pregnant.
B. All girls tend to react positively to their first menstruations.
C. There is a wide range in the age at which menarche occurs.
D. Girls lack a visible sign of having attained menarche.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty

63. Which of the following statements is true of the adrenal glands?


A. They are located just below the kidneys.
B. In females, they are the major producers of androgens.
C. Adrenarche generally begins after age 14.
D. They limit the growth of pubic and axillary hair in females.

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty

64. _____ is a problem faced more often by boys because of the clogging of sebaceous glands during puberty.
A. Acne
B. Obesity
C. Increased secretion of adrenal androgens
D. Growth of pubic hair

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APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand sexual differentiation during puberty.
Topic: Sexual Differentiation during Puberty

65. An adolescent boy experiences temporary breast enlargement. This condition is known as _____.
A. spermarche
B. menarche
C. adrenarche
D. gynecomastia

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Ja kun ystäväni uudelleen kysyi kyynelteni syytä, vastasin vain,
että onnesta itkin.
28. PUNAINEN KUKKA.

Ystävä, tänä päivänä on joku antanut sinulle nuoren sydämensä, —


koskapa punainen kukka on rinnassasi.

Suo anteeksi, että minä otan pois omani, — mutta pelkään, että
sillä on nyt liian ahdasta siellä.

Suo anteeksi, että otan pois lahjan, jonka kerran annoin, — mutta
minulle antoi sen Jumala sitä varten, että sen sijoittaisin niin kuin
hyvä palvelija herransa talentit. Minä sijoitin sen sinun sydämeesi, ja
naapurisi sanoivat: »Katsokaa kuinka onni katsoo hänen
silmistänsä». Se oli korko, jota minun sydämeni kasvoi.

Mutta tänä päivänä olet sinä ottanut vastaan uuden sydämen, ja


uusi onni katsoo silmistäsi. Ja minun sydämeni on hyödytön kuin
huonon palvelijan raha. Jos jättäisin sen sinulle, mitä vastaisin
Herralle sinä päivänä, kun Hän kysyy: »Missä on onni, jonka
luomista varten sinulle sydämen lainaksi annoin»?

Tänä päivänä on joku antanut sinulle nuoren sydämensä, —


koskapa punainen kukka on rinnassasi.
Suo anteeksi, että minä otan pois omani, — mutta se on nyt
tarpeeton siellä. Minä annan sen sellaiselle, jonka rinnassa ei vielä
ole punaista kukkaa ja jonka silmistä ei vielä katso onni, — jotta
minun sydämeni voisi olla hänelle sekä punainen kukka että onni.
29. KEVÄTKÖ, POIKANI?

Kevätaurinko paistaa huoneeseeni ja punaiset ruusunnuput


aukeavat ikkunalaudalla.

Kevätkö, poikani, sinut tänään luokseni toi?

Äänesi värähtää ja silmäsi ovat niin syvät ja uskolliset, kun


vastaat:

Sydämeni, tyttöni, minut tänään luoksesi toi.

Oh, poikani, kerran ennenkin oli kevät! Silloin toi sydämesi sinut
ensikerran luokseni. Minä otin sinut vastaan ja tunsin povessani, että
kevät oli tullut.

Senjälkeen on se sydämesi vienyt sinut monen muun luo. Ja minä


olen huomannut, että keväät tulevat ja — menevät.

Kevätkö, poikani, sinut tänäänkin luokseni toi? — Kevätsydämesi,


joka syksyllä kuolee — muun luonnon mukana.

Suothan anteeksi, vaikka olen niin epäkohtelias, etten ota sinua


vastaan enään? Minun sydämeni, katsohan, on tullut niin köyhäksi,
ettei sillä ole varaa maksaa lyhyen kesän iloa pitkän talven kyynelillä.
Kevätsydänten vastaanottoaika on minun kodissani nyt loppunut.
Pyydän, ettet pahastu, vaikka suljen oven edessäsi. Sillä en epäile
silmiesi rehellisyyttä, kun sanot:

Sydämeni, tyttöni, minut tänään luoksesi toi.

— Minä vain tunnen sen sydämen liian hyvin — näin keväisin.


30. MUISTO.

Tänään oli ensi lumi pudonnut maahan ja lyhdyt sytytetty katujen


kulmiin, — niin kuin sinä päivänä, jona meidän lempemme syntyi.

Me kuljimme molemmat, sinä ja minä, yksin kaupungilla ja


tapasimme sattumalta toisemme, — niin kuin sinä päivänä. Ojensin
sinulle käteni, en tiedä miksi. Sinä otit sen omaasi, et kai tietänyt
miksi. Ja me lähdimme kulkemaan rinnan, emme ajatelleet miksi.
Tähdet loistivat päämme päällä, taivas tiputteli valkeita kukkia
tiellemme ja me kaksi tallasimme niitä — niin kuin sinä päivänä — ja
kolmanneksi tuli meidän kuolleen rakkautemme muisto. Me kaksi
kuljimme ääneti, mutta se kolmas puhui. Ensin kuiskaten, mutta
sitten yhä kovemmin ja selvemmin, ja lopulta se nauroi ja lauloi, niin
kuin sinä päivänä, kun se vielä oli iloinen ja nuori. — Ja me
unohdimme molemmat, että se oli vain muisto. Katsoimme syvälle
toisiamme silmiin ja suutelimme suulle ja kuiskasimme suloisia
sanoja toistemme korvaan. Tähdet loistivat päämme päällä, taivas
tiputteli valkeita kukkiaan tiellemme ja lumessa näkyi vain kahdet
jäljet, sinun ja minun, ja maailmassa oli vain kaksi ihmistä; — niin
kuin sinä päivänä, jona meidän lempemme syntyi.
Me kaksi kuljimme käsikädessä — ja kolmantena kulki meidän
kuolleen rakkautemme muisto. Ja me unohdimme, että se oli vain
muisto. Vain kuolleen haamu, joka katoaa, kun päivä valkenee.
31. SININEN SILTA.

Eilen katuja kulkeissani kuulin, että sinä olet rakentanut uuden sillan
uuden ystävän luo ja luvannut sentähden polttaa kaikki vanhat sillat
takanasi, — senkin, jonka minun kanssani rakensit. Painoin pääni
alas ja palasin alakuloisin askelin syrjäkatuja kotiini, — etteivät
vastaantulijat näkisi silmiäni.

Sen kuulin minä eilen ihmisiltä. Tänään kirjoitit sinä:

»Huulemme tulevat vaikenemaan toisillensa, miksi, — älä kysy, —


mutta sielumme eivät».

Pitääkö minun kiittää, vai pitääkö minun syyttää sinua siitä?

Sinähän olit luvannut, kuulin minä, polttaa kaikki vanhat sillat


takanasi, — senkin, jonka minun kanssani rakensit. Mitä olet tehnyt?
Polttanut vain näkyvän, — jättänyt näkymättömän. Se on rikos,
vastaa rehellinen ääni minussa. Siitä huolimatta yhdyn minä
rikostoveriksesi ja kuljen hiljaa sinistä siltaa niinkuin ryöväri
salakäytävää saarelle, joka on toisen oma.

Koetan puolustaa itseäni itseni edessä: »Sehän on vain


unelmasilta ja vain sielumme sitä käyvät. Enhän pyydä mitään
todellista». Mutta syvällä sisässäni minä tiedän, että unelmat ovat
enemmän totta kuin todellisuus.

Ja kun minä istun yksin huoneessani, ja ajatukseni käyvät sinistä


siltaa luoksesi, tunnen minä olevani varas, joka hiipii yöllä. Enkä
minä tiedä, pitääkö minun kiittää vai pitääkö minun syyttää itseäni ja
sinua tästä oudosta lemmestämme. Vai olemmeko syyttömät
molemmat, syyllinen vain Jumala, joka sinisen sillan loi —
tulenkestäväksi.
32. KUKA OLET?

Minun mieleni on tullut levottomaksi ja kuunvalo varastaa


väsymyksen silmistäni. Valvon vuoteellani ja tuijotan öiseen
ikkunaan, enkä ymmärrä itseäni. — Olisiko se kenties jonkun ajatus,
joka on kohdistunut minuun, mikä saa mieleni levottomaksi ja vie
väsymyksen silmistäni?

***

Kuka sinä olet tuntematon, joka olet syrjästä katsonut silmiini?


Sinun ajatustesi kosketus saa minut aremmaksi nuorta
jäniksenpoikaa, ja joka rasahduksessa olen minä kuulevinani
lähestyvät askeleesi ja kuunjuovassa kalpenen sinun valkeaa
muotoasi.

Kuka sinä olet, tuntematon, tule, astu suorana eteeni ja sano:


Minä se olen!
33. KUKATIES.

Epävarma minä olen — itsestäni — ja hänestä, vaikka kukaties —


saisin olla varma.

Tekisi mieleni yhä uudelleen sydämeni riemussa huutaa: »Minä


tunnen erään»! Mutta järkeni sanoo: »Luulet vain tuntevasi ja
kuvittelet, että se joku sinut tuntee. Siinä kaikki.» Enkä minä virka
mitään — itselleni — enkä muille.

Oven kynnyksellä minä olen ja katson lattiapalkkiin, — vaikka


kukaties pitäisi olla siellä missä on hänkin ja kantaa korkealla päätä.
34. SYNTI.

Kaksi on syntiä, teonsynti ja laiminlyönninsynti. Ja ylpeydestä syntyy


usein jälkimmäinen, kuulin minä pienenä kirkossa. En sitä viimeistä
silloin ymmärtänyt, — vasta nyt.

Sillä synti se olisi, sellainen, josta kiirastulessa kärsitään, jos en


minä sinua rakastaisi.

Synti se olisi, jos en minä sinulle antautuisi kaikilla ruumiillani, —


näkyvällä ja näkymättömillä.

Synti se olisi, jos en minä sinuun sitoutuisi kaikilla tasoilla, —


näkyvällä ja näkymättömillä.

Synti se olisi, jos en minä sinua siksi tunnustaisi, jota minun


ruumiini, sieluni ja henkeni odotti.

Synti se olisi, jos en minä sinun kanssasi maallisia nautintoja


jakaisi ja niiden hintaa, — tuskaa.

Synti se olisi, jos en minä sinun kanssasi kestäisi kiirastulen


poltetta — ja siitä vapautumisen riemua.
Synti se olisi, jos en minä silloin seisoisi vierelläsi, kun sinä talosi
taivaassa rakennat. — Sillä minä synnyin sinun aviovaimoksesi
kaikilla ruumiillani ja kaikilla tasoilla.

***

Synti se olisi, sellainen, josta kiirastulessa kärsitään, jos en minä


sinua rakastaisi.

Kaksi on syntiä, teonsynti ja laiminlyönninsynti, ja ylpeydestä


syntyy usein jälkimmäinen, kuulin minä pienenä kirkossa. En sitä
viimeistä silloin ymmärtänyt, — vasta nyt.
35. TUHLAAJAPOIKA.

Tiedän että kuljet pimeitä katuja ja koputat oville, joiden kamanalla


palaa punainen lyhty. Ja aamuhämärissä horjut sieltä ulos, kun lasit
ovat särjetyt ja valkeat käsivarret hellittäneet syleilystään.

Tiedän, että entiset ystäväsi katsovat toisaalle, kun käyvät


ohitsesi.

Mutta minun oveni on sinulle alati avoin. Ja kun sinä astut


kynnykseni yli, riennän sinua vastaan kuin tervetullutta vierasta. En
katso tummia juovia silmiesi alla, enkä kysy mistä tulet. Sillä minä
tiedän, että sinä heitit tahriutuneen minäsi oveni ulkopuolelle niinkuin
vanhan vaatteen ja astuit kynnykseni yli puhtaana ja synnittömänä
kuin lapsi.

Ja minä otan sinut vastaan kuin lapsen. Painan pääsi syliini, silitän
sitä hiljaa kädelläni ja puhelen kuin pikku pojalle siitä päivästä, jolloin
hänestä on tuleva suuri, väkevä mies.
36. VAIKKA SINULLA OLISI.

Vaikka sinulla olisi tuhannen vaimoa, niin kuin Salomolla, niin ei


sinulla kuitenkaan olisi kuin — yksi.

Heidän lempensä voi antaa sinulle unohduksen ja naurunsa


nostaa ilon-humalan päähäsi. Ja minä tiedän, ettet sinä voi heidän
syliään sivuuttaa, siihen unohtumatta.

Mene vaan, ystäväni, kun olet kerran menemään syntynyt. —


Mutta minun ovelleni sinä vielä palaat.

Sillä vaikka sinä omistaisit tuhannen vaimoa, niin kuin Salomo,


olet sinä kerran etsivä — vain sitä yhtä.

Sillä vain se yksi voi sinut helvetistä lunastaa, sinä päivänä kun
seisot Jumalasi edessä, — näyttämällä sen taivaanmaan jonka sinun
sielustasi löysi, — silloin kun jo itse luulet sen kadottaneesi.
37. SANO!

Hän otti minut vieraaksensa kuin kuningattaren. Tarjosi kotinsa


parhaimman istuimen ja pyysi, että kuvittelisin siinä olevan kullatut
puut ja purppurasilkistä kankaan. Istui itse pienelle jakkaralle jalkaini
juureen ja kysyi:

Sano, miksi minä sinulle tällainen olen?

En minä enään itseäni tunne.

Miksi en minä purista sinua povelleni, suutele huuliasi verille ja


työnnä sitten ovesta ulos? Tai miksi en paina kultaista sormusta
sormeesi ja ryöstä sinua omaisuudekseni?

Sellaiseksi minä itseni tunnen.

Miksi en tahdo sinuun kädellänikään koskea, silmiisi vain katson?


Miksi en tahdo sinua häkkiini pistää niin kuin pikku lintua ja pitää
luonani päivin ja öin? — Vaikka olen sydämeni kauneimman kamarin
sinun huoneeksesi nimittänyt, ja jokainen askeleeni voisi sanoa
sinun nimesi kuulleensa.

Sano, miksi minä sinulle tällainen olen?


En minä enään itseäni tunne.
38. JOKA OLI VÄKEVÄMPI KUIN
RAKKAUTESI.

Villi vietti, joka oli väkevämpi kuin rakkautesi, heräsi sinussa ja sinä
tempasit minut syliisi, painoit hurjasti poveasi vasten ja suutelit
minua suulle. Katsoin peljästyneenä silmiisi. Ne olivat kuumeiset ja
oudot ja turhaan minä niistä sinua etsin. Työnsin pois sinut luotani
kuin vieraan ja itkin hiljaa. Katsoit alta kulmaisi ja virkoit: Sinä ikävöit
jotakin.

Kyllä.

Jotakin entistä ystävääsi, joka oli sinulle enemmän kuin minä.

Niin.

Tartuit käteeni ja kysyit: Häntäkö?

Ei, en muista häntä nyt.

Ketä sitten ikävöit?

— Sitä sinua, jota ei nyt ole, vastasin hiljaa.


Silloin sinä peitit silmäsi ja käännyit pois.

— Ja kun ne uudelleen kohotit, löysin minä niistä jälleen sinut.


39. ÄLÄ SUUTELE MINUA NYT.

Älä suutele minua, ystävä. Sillä sinun huulesi ovat punaiset ja


kuumat ja eläin katsoo sinun silmistäsi minuun.

Älä suutele minua nyt. Sillä vain Jumalalle annan minä suuta, jotta
voisin vastalahjaksi saada taivaan. Mutta sinun silmistäsi katsoo tällä
hetkellä petoeläin ja sinun käsissäsi on helvetin porttien avain.

Älä suutele minua, ystävä, nyt. Sillä vain Jumalat saavat minua
suudella ja taivaan tahdon minä suutelostani saada.

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