Title: Mastering the Art of Literature Review in Plastic Recycling

In the world of academia and research, literature reviews serve as the backbone of any scholarly
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urgency to address plastic pollution, researchers are continually producing new studies and findings.
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be overwhelming for many.

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requires careful analysis and interpretation. Researchers must navigate through the complexities of
scientific data, policy frameworks, technological innovations, and socio-economic factors influencing
plastic waste management.

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Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web. The temperature distribution during fractioned
distilla- tion of liquid products obtained in the study of PP Deg- radation at different temperatures
(425. In industry (the automotive industry for example) there is a growing move towards reuse and
reprocessing of plastics for economic, as well as environmental reasons, with many praiseworthy
examples of companies developing technologies and strategies for recycling of plastics. Upload Read
for free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign in Skip carousel Carousel Previous Carousel Next
What is Scribd. The secondary raw material from chemical recycling can be accepted in chemical
industries without having to make drastic changes in their existing technology. However, it was also
observed that the amount of residue decreases with the increases in tem- perature and the highest
residue amount is obtained at the lowest study temperature of 410 ? C. They also investigated the
effect of induction conditions: the addition of n- hexadecane induced the transcription level of alkB1
in E. There are also certain technological challenges when it comes to addressing different streams of
the plastic waste. The hydroperoxyl group is highly reactive and can generate several types of
oxygen-containing products, including carbonyl groups. The detailed schematic presentation of
reactor has shown in Figure 2. The results suggested that few works have been done for the recovery
and preparation stages, while a great progress has already been done for the other stages in order to
validate the technical feasibility, environmental impact, and economic viability. To that end, a sample
of 206 papers, published from 2014 to 2020, was retrieved from the Scopus and Google Scholar
databases. The recent study by Sadler and Wallace (2021) showed the development of a one-pot
bioprocess to convert TA from PET waste into a value-added molecule, vanillin. The objective is to
comprehensively investigate existing methodologies for structuring the symbiotic relationship
between circular economy and additive manufacturing, while meticulously analyzing the current
research gap concerning the implementation of circular economy principles in additive manufacturing
practices. In the same study, gallic acid (GA), pyrogallol, vanillic acid (VA), and glycolic acid (GLA)
were also produced from engineered stains, using TA. It also discusses challenges with separating
mixed plastics for recycling due to their similar properties, and the importance of separation to
enable further recycling of plastics. International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power
(IJTPP). Tenebrio molitor larvae were reported to reduce weight-, number- and size-average
molecular weights (Mw, Mn and Mz) of PVC by 33.4%, 32.8% and 36.4%, respectively, in 16 days.
Next Article in Special Issue Computational Exploration of Bio-Degradation Patterns of Various
Plastic Types. Chemocatalytic glycolysis produces, for instance, BHET, which can be bioconverted
by engineered P. Then, the thermal-oxidized PP was emulsified in the TSB media before being used
as a feedstock for PHA production by Cupriavidus necator H16, in shake flasks. The authors
highlighted that an enzyme-based recycling process can be cost-competitive, and the constant
development of enzyme performance and optimization of the process remains an opportunity to
further improve the economic viability of this process. Studies have been proposed in order to
recycle waste polymer into open-source 3D printer feedstock. Due to the fact that products similar to
fuel and petrochemical raw material quality can be generated through thermal and catalytic pyrolysis
of plastic waste, these are considered to be important recovery methods. These and numerous
different favorable circumstances make them extremely encouraging possibility for business
applications. In a plastic degradation study, it has been reported that the reaction products consist of
a hydrocarbon mixture such as water insoluble saturated and unsaturated petrochemi- cal raw
material and that th e distribution of molecular weights of these products is determined. Burning test.
Hold a piece of the plastic in a tweezers or on the back of a knife and apply a flame. Bottles can go
back to bottles. TRUE!. Bottles can go back to bottles. LCA can be examined by defining a unit,
which scales the flows. Abstract-Worldwide, sustainability is the pressing need of.
In a plastic degradation study, it has been reported that the reaction products consist of a
hydrocarbon mixture such as water insoluble saturated and unsaturated petrochemi- cal raw material
and that th e distribution of molecular weights of these products is determined. They do not analyze
the advantages of integrated processes that combine thermochemical and biochemical technologies.
Evolving an eco-friendly lifestyle only at Make It Again Crafts. Outline. All About Plastic Plastics
Stats Recycling Recycling Stats Our Courses Plastic Yarn How to Make It Plastic Yarn Creations
Staff Special Deals for You!. Recycling. Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN)
Sign in Skip carousel Carousel Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd. Hence there is a necessity to
create a situation in which adequate price for recycling plastic must come into play. The authors
discussed that rhamnolipids enhanced the uptake of aliphatic hydrocarbon. Critical Review on the
Progress of Plastic Bioupcycling Technology as a Potential Solution for Sustainable Plastic Waste
Management. The latter have an enhanced water solubility, which facilitates their use as a feedstock
for the following bioupcycling step, by an engineered Pseudomonas putida strain. Interestingly,
HAA was produced from TA only, while EG was exclusively used for growth. Tropical Medicine
and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed). The hierarchy of plastic waste management according to EU
Waste Framework Directive. Studies have been proposed in order to recycle waste polymer into
open-source 3D printer feedstock. The so-called thermoplastics such as PE, PP, PS, PVC and PET as
well as materials that are derived from these are the type of plastic that is most used and
consequently creates most of the waste. So the iodine num- ber is an interesting parameter for
unsaturated compounds determination. Querijero 0% (1) 0% found this document useful (1 vote)
171 views 7 pages AI-enhanced description Document Information click to expand document
information Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastics and reprocessing
them. However in the distillation of the liquid product, which was obtained at 450. The gas-vapor
mix- ture emitted by the reactor was passed through a pre- cooler with air cooling and the liquefied
products were collected in containers that were placed in salt-ice bath (approximately ? 16 ? C).
Previous Article in Journal Progressive Methods in Studying the Charred Layer Parameters Change in
Relation to Wood Moisture Content. It is cheap and has a very low permeability to gas and
moisture, making it an ideal material for single-use plastic bottles. Plastics for recycling Not all
plastics are recyclable. This means that plastic litter is often the most objectionable kind of litter and
will be visible for weeks or months, and waste will sit in landfill sites for years without degrading.
This paper reviews the recent progress on recycling of polymeric waste form some traditional
polymers and their systems (blends and composites) such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP),
and polystyrene (PS), and introduces the mechanical and chemical recycling concepts. The data from
the interviews were collected and categorized in order to address the research questions. Recyclable
Plastic; Compostable, Biodegradable Plastic; and Recycled. Using your mobile phone camera - scan
the code below and download the Kindle app. Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web.
Various upcycling strategies have been reported to valorize PET waste, including biotechnological
processes and bioupcycling ( Table 1 ). The product distribution of catalytic degradation of HDPE at
425. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. At present, bioupcycling with
endogenous or engineered metabolic pathways has been demonstrated as a proof of concept and is a
hot topic for researchers worldwide.
Alkane hydroxylases (AHs) were also reported to be involved in polyolefins degradation. In thermal
and catalytic deg- radation experiments of PP and HDPE plastics, nitrogen Table 1. As a
consequence, we’ve witnessed an increased accumulation of plastic wastes in the environment and
the phenomenon has now reached such an extent so as to be recognized as a global problem. The
current linear plastic lifecycle causes environmental pollution, and the negative effects are becoming
more and more visible, indicating a non-sustainable value chain. So far, a superior biodegradation
efficiency was obtained by using mixed culture. Another study by Edwards and team investigated
the microbial community-based degradation of diverse carbon sources. An increasing amount of
studies have investigated the use of plastic as a carbon source for biotechnological processes to
produce high-value compounds such as bioplastics, biochemicals, and biosurfactants. In numerous
territories, they have generously smothered customary materials. Rejected or waste material usually
has good characteristics for recycling and will be clean. There are no regulations specifically
addressing recycled plastics from chemical recycling. I began work in a plastics laboratory at 16
years of age and was instantly hooked by these fascinating materials. Thus the fully reasonable
utilization of the PPW presents a positive strategy. Report this Document Download now Save Save
Plastic Recycling For Later 0% (1) 0% found this document useful (1 vote) 171 views 7 pages
Plastic Recycling Uploaded by Geroldo 'Rollie' L. Burning test. Hold a piece of the plastic in a
tweezers or on the back of a knife and apply a flame. Plastic bonded sand production in The Gambia
was used as a case study to identify potential barriers to the technology. This paper reviews the
recent progress on recycling of polymeric waste form some traditional polymers and their systems
(blends and composites) such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), and
introduces the mechanical and chemical recycling concepts. A Review Literature On The Use Of
Waste Plastics And. Such type of situation can be created by using plastic as a primary construction
material for small houses. The used plastics (which are not recycled) are either end up in oceans or
landfills and continue to create environmental problems. On regular basis, thousands of tonnes of
plastic waste is being created all around the world. The plastic is shredded into tiny flakes and are
melted and made into new things such as lawn fence posts, water proof boots and new bottles. It
discusses how plastic consumption and waste in Japan has increased substantially in recent decades.
The development of each stage proposed using the open source approach is a relevant path to scale
DRAM to reach the full technical potential as a centerpiece of the circular economy. Damronglerd:
Waste Management, 28(3) (2008), 475-483. A similar result was reported by using thermophilic
consortia of Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus, Brevibacillus agri, Brevibacillus sp. This can be an eye-
opener to researchers and industrialist's worldwide to indulge in more research activities and serve in
reducing the landfill pollution. Source: Vogler. 1984 To determine if a plastic is a thermoplastic or a
thermoset, take a piece of wire just below red heat and press it into the material. The same system
was also used for catalytic degradation studies in addition to thermal degradation. Plastics have a
low entropy of mixing, which is due to the high molecular weight of their large polymer chains.
These and numerous different favorable circumstances make them extremely encouraging possibility
for business applications. For purposes of recovering these plastic materials various pyrolysis
techniques (thermal, catalytic, inert atmosphere, oxygen environment, under high pressure pyrolysis,
etc.) have been developed.
The fermentation was designed to have two distinct phases: the biomass growth phase and the PHA
production phase. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without
javascript enabled. Elements like pipes' and cables insulation, storage tanks, skylights, roofing,
windows and doors, insulation and temporary structures can be made entirely, partly or as a bonding
compound in new material mixes like WPCs wood plastic composites, carbon or natural fiber
reinforced plastic. In fact, the enzymes are not going to use the polymers as a carbon source, as
would happen with a microbial cell that degrades the polymers. Furthermore, a latex clearing protein
(Lcp K30 ) from Streptomyces sp. A specific percentage ratio of each catalyst (by weight) was taken
in the amount calculated according to the salts with high solubility in water for this purpose, and
after dissolving 1 6 5 4 3 2 1. The feed into reactor was batch operation than established the center
of oven which its temperature was settled previ- ously. Since chemical recycling has not been
implemented yet, this thesis sets out to understand what challenges would have to be addressed in
order to have sustainable plastic recycling. The highest specific growth rate was 0.21 h ?1 on the
mixture of AA, 1,4-BDO, and EG. Critical Review on the Progress of Plastic Bioupcycling
Technology as a Potential Solution for Sustainable Plastic Waste Management. Polymers. 2022;
14(22):4996. Hence there is a necessity to create a situation in which adequate price for recycling
plastic must come into play. All these findings anticipate the possibility of developing novel
biocatalysts and bioprocesses that will allow for cost-effective and scalable plastic bioupcycling. The
most relevant published studies have been reviewed in the sub-section below. 3.1. Bioupcycling of
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) PET is a petrochemical-based plastic produced on multimillion
tons worldwide. The fact that the io- dine number did not change significantly means that the ratio
of unsaturated liquid products under these environ- mental conditions did not change much. (The
iodine number provides information as to the ratio of unsatu- rated components available in the
environment and this has been determined analyti cally as per ASTM D4607-94 standard). So we say
that the Environmental impact for Cloth bags, Plastic. In numerous territories, they have generously
smothered customary materials. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( ). Potential research paths in the
pre-treatment of recycled material at local level and printing chain phases were identified in order to
connect the development of DRAM with the circular economy ambition at micro, meso and macro
level. They also investigated the effect of induction conditions: the addition of n- hexadecane
induced the transcription level of alkB1 in E. Special focus is given to technical textiles, composites
and non-woven sectors that involve product development using up cycled wastes. The current linear
plastic lifecycle causes environmental pollution, and the negative effects are becoming more and
more visible, indicating a non-sustainable value chain. The review is structured based on different
plastic types, where the depolymerization and fermentation steps are indicated separately, to
highlight the challenges and technological solutions of the different steps. 2. Recycling of
Conventional Plastic Wastes Conventional recycling methods cannot keep up with the increasing
amount and variety of plastic wastes. C, this temperature for the liquid product obtained at the
temperature of 450. The data from the interviews were collected and categorized in order to address
the research questions. Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign in Skip carousel
Carousel Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict
of interest. Examples of mechanical recycling include the remolding of polyolefins waste for outdoor
furniture, decking, and fencing, or of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to shoes. Full content
visible, double tap to read brief content. Alkane hydroxylases (AHs) were also reported to be
involved in polyolefins degradation. They are eager to explore plastic recycling services on online.
However, it was also observed that the amount of residue decreases with the increases in tem-
perature and the highest residue amount is obtained at the lowest study temperature of 410 ? C. It
was also seen that the sorted plastic is exported outside Sweden and there are no regulations meant
to track this exported waste. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more
securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. There are also certain technological
challenges when it comes to addressing different streams of the plastic waste. The recent study by
Sadler and Wallace (2021) showed the development of a one-pot bioprocess to convert TA from
PET waste into a value-added molecule, vanillin. As the democratization of open-source 3D printers
is going forward thanks to initiatives such as FabLab environments, there is a growing interest on
how to use this technology to improve the efficiency of use of raw materials. In order to understand
the challenges that chemical recycling might face, mapping and finding the current challenges in the
plastic recycling system was necessary. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of
interest. In industry (the automotive industry for example) there is a growing move towards reuse
and reprocessing of plastics for economic, as well as environmental reasons, with many
praiseworthy examples of companies developing technologies and strategies for recycling of plastics.
Recyclable Plastic; Compostable, Biodegradable Plastic; and Recycled. International Conference on
Sustainable Solid Waste. While plastics are deservedly receiving very bad press due to the way we
have consumed and disposed of them, plastics are also a key material choice required to solve our
future environmental problems - if we use them both responsibly and with disposal in mind when we
design, manufacture and use. The development of each stage proposed using the open source
approach is a relevant path to scale DRAM to reach the full technical potential as a centerpiece of
the circular economy. International Journal of Application or Innovation in. Journal of Low Power
Electronics and Applications (JLPEA). To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and
more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Later on the salt was dissolved in
dis- tilled water and finally added to SiO 2 salt solution that was used as support material and dried
in oven at 110 ? C. Engineering, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India. At present, bioupcycling
with endogenous or engineered metabolic pathways has been demonstrated as a proof of concept
and is a hot topic for researchers worldwide. As an immature technology, there are substantial
challenges to these benefits being realised at each stage of the life cycle. It can also be processed at
a spinning mill to turn it into polyester yarn. Recently the recycling of polyester has become very
popular and even though recycling polyester is not a new technology subject being able to
successfully recycle bottles into fiber and get attention from consumers to support the idea by buying
it in large scale quantities is unheard of until now. Although the quantity of material available is
sometimes small, the quantities tend to be growing as consumption, and therefore production,
increases. The variation of distillation temperature of liquid products of PP degradation at different
temperatures. Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign in Skip carousel Carousel
Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd. Polyester plastics could, for instance, be depolymerized by
hydrolytic enzymes produced by bacteria or fungi, such as cutinases, esterases, lipases, ureases, and
proteases, as they have hydrolyzable ester bonds in their backbone (Satti and Shah, 2020). With
plastic extrusion process, we can melt PET bottle flakes and then air is blown using air compressor
turning that molten plastic into synthetic fiber. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
(JCDD). The objective of this paper is to contribute to the structure of the scientific field residing in
the intersection of AM and Circular Economy (CE), by determining the status of its current state-of-
the-art, proposing an initial typology in an attempt to contribute to the existing efforts of structuring
this rather novice research area and pinpointing research gaps where more focus should be put, and
highlighting areas with a significant potential for added-value future research. Different studies have
tried to develop processes for bioupcycling PE waste into biodegradable bioplastic PHA ( Table 3 ).
Based on the international practical policy and demand of PPW management, the article classified
the recycling and separation technology, and the reuse and utilization disposal approaches of the
PPW. After this temperature level, a significant change did not occur dur- ing distillation in the
distillation temperature of the liquid product obtained at 425 ? C. ISPRS International Journal of
Geo-Information (IJGI). To give some examples, according to the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (US EPA), in 2018, 12.2% of municipal solid waste in the United States was
made of plastics, the majority of which (75%) were landfilled ( Figure 2 ). To open the window for
efficient polyolefins bioupcycling technologies, the development of cheap pretreatments and more
efficient biodegradation processes are still needed. Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language
(EN) Sign in Skip carousel Carousel Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd. The topic and focus of
further books are currently in development as there are so many interesting things to write about
plastics. The very recent publication by Sanluis-Verdes and team reported the first discovery of
animal enzymes, belonging to the phenol oxidase family, obtained from saliva of waxworms’ larvae (
Galleria mellonella ) that are capable of oxidizing and depolymerizing PE. The plastic is shredded
into tiny flakes and are melted and made into new things such as lawn fence posts, water proof
boots and new bottles. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Most companies
manufacturing plastic bags aim at adopting environmentally friendly recyclable plastic bags. Tenebrio
molitor larvae were reported to reduce weight-, number- and size-average molecular weights (Mw,
Mn and Mz) of PVC by 33.4%, 32.8% and 36.4%, respectively, in 16 days. Data on plastic
generation are available in only few selected cities, most of which are over a decade old. The
development of each stage proposed using the open source approach is a relevant path to scale
DRAM to reach the full technical potential as a centerpiece of the circular economy. The latter have
an enhanced water solubility, which facilitates their use as a feedstock for the following
bioupcycling step, by an engineered Pseudomonas putida strain. I currently working as an Associate
Professor (Principal Research Fellow) for WMG, University of Warwick on a variety of plastic
related research and development projects. Moreover, the way that plastics are produced, used, and
discarded leads to a continuous loss of material from the loop and fails to comply with the circular
economy approach. Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM).
National and regional goals also restrict the possibility to incinerate plastics. In this framework, this
review provides the extractive information’s about the polyesters, which covers from to its
development, chemistry, application fields up to the methods of recycling used in present scenario.
Interestingly, HAA was produced from TA only, while EG was exclusively used for growth.
Examples of mechanical recycling include the remolding of polyolefins waste for outdoor furniture,
decking, and fencing, or of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to shoes. However, further
effort is still needed to prove the exact mechanism of these enzymes. This is an open access article
distributed under the Creative Commons Attr ibution License, which per- mits unrestricted use,
distribution, an d reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Hence
there is a necessity to create a situation in which adequate price for recycling plastic must come into
play. Thank you, for helping us keep this platform clean. For more information on the journal
statistics, click here. It is widely used in various applications such as plastic bags, composite films,
food and drink packaging, and bubble wraps. Plastics are used in a wide variety of products,
dominating and outperforming other materials, as they are versatile, cheap, lightweight, and
resistant; however, they are also very diverse and typically designed for endurance rather than
recyclability, which often makes the end-of-life management of these materials rather challenging.
Plastic bonded sand composites provide a low-cost recycling alternative for selected waste plastics.
A Review of Issues in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Re. To browse
Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade
your browser. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or
approaches, provides an outlook for. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed). This
work examines main topics from six stages (recovery, preparation, compounding, feedstock, printing,
quality) of the proposed DRAM chain. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of
interest. To the best of our knowledge, bioupcycling of real mixed plastic waste has hardly been
addressed so far. Plastic materials have become the corner stone of our. To serve this purpose the
standing periods indicated in the following table was applied ( Table 1 ). Journal of Cleaner
Production 264, 2020, 121602 open access. It is frequently used in the timing of the exterior building
planes too. Recycling provides prospects to reduce oil usage, carbon dioxide emissions and the
quantities of waste requiring disposal. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and
more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Minimal qualitative differences
and discoloration were visible on the samples after accelerated weather exposure, with results in
accordance with the state-of-the-art. Incineration leads to air pollution whereas dumping. The effects
of environmental conditions on the collected liquid product yield and char- acterization for catalytic
and thermal degradation were studied. 2.2. Catalyst Preparation Co and Mo cracking catalysts were
prepared with the purpose of using them in experimental studies. It uses a life cycle assessment
technique to evaluate the environmental impacts of plastics throughout their lifecycle. The study
successfully demonstrated an innovative method to recover pure PE and aluminum hydroxide from
beverage cartons. This research has investigated the production and properties of plastic bonded sand
manufactured using low-density and high-density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE). Full content
visible, double tap to read brief content. International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste. This
new edition reflects the great strides that have been made to increase recycling rates worldwide in
recent years. Such type of situation can be created by using plastic as a primary construction material
for small houses. There is also uncertainty about the market demand for the secondary raw material.
The recycling of polymeric waste helps to conserve natural resource because the most of polymer
materials are made from oil and gas. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more
securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. This demonstrated that using a catalyst
would yield more of the liquid product in comparison to the conditions where a catalyst is not used.
Finally, it presented a suggestion on recycling and utilization of PPW. Journal of Low Power
Electronics and Applications (JLPEA). Nevertheless, in contrast with polymers made of ester bond
linkages, major advancements in enzyme discovery and optimization are still needed to reach a
breakthrough in the case of polyolefins.