gbc engineers

www.gbc-engineers.de

HANDBOOK
GENERAL DETAILING
EC2
 Table of Contents

Materials .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

1.1 Material parameters for concrete .................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2 Material parameters for steel .......................................................................................................................................................... 2

Exposition Class ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3

Concrete Cover ................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Placement and arrangement of bars ................................................................................................................................................. 5

Bending of bars ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Bonding ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Anchorage ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

7.1 Basic Anchorage length .................................................................................................................................................................. 7

7.2 Design Anchorage length ............................................................................................................................................................... 7

7.3 Anchorage at Support ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Lapping .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 12

8.1 Lapping of single rebars ............................................................................................................................................................... 12

8.2 Lapping of mesh rebars ................................................................................................................................................................ 14

8.3 Rules for lapping areas ................................................................................................................................................................. 15

Single rebar Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16

Mesh Rebar Table ............................................................................................................................................................................. 18

Punching Shear ................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

Spacers .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 21

Index Date Author Revisions

00 23.12.2020 NGUYỄN XUÂN THÀNH

1
 Materials
1.1 Material parameters for concrete

TABLE 1.1 - MATERIAL PARAMETERS FOR CONCRETE

[N/mm2] C12/15 C16/20 C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60

fck 12 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

fck,cube 15 20 25 30 37 45 50 55 60

fcm 20 24 28 33 38 43 48 53 58

fcd1) 6,8 9,1 11,3 14,2 17,0 19,8 22,7 25,5 28,3

fctm 1,6 1,9 2,2 2,6 2,9 3,2 3,5 3,8 4,1

Ecm2) 27.000 29.000 30.000 31.000 33.000 34.000 35.000 36.000 37.000

fbd3) (good bonding) 1,7 2,0 2,3 2,7 3,0 3,4 3,7 4,0 4,3

fbd3) (poor bonding) 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,9 2,1 2,4 2,6 2,8 3,0

1)
with 𝛾 c = 1,5 and αcc = 0,85
2)
Ecm = 22.000 ∙ (fcm/10)0,3
3)
Ø ≤ 32mm

1.2 Material parameters for steel

TABLE 1.2 - MATERIAL PARAMETERS FOR STEEL

fyk fyd ftk,cal ɛud Es

Ductility
[N/mm2] [N/mm2] [N/mm2] [‰] [N/mm2]

B500A normal
500 435 525 25 200.000
B500B high

2
 Exposition Class
TABLE 2.1 - EXPOSITION CLASS
Class
No Attack
Rebar Corrosion from
Carbonization
Rebar Corrosion from
Chloride attack
Rebar Corrosion from
Chloride attack from sea
water
Concrete attack from frost
and from frost with and
without de-icing agent
Concrete attack from
chemical environment
Concrete attack from
abrasion
Concrete attack from alkali
silica reaction
Proposed exposure classes for car parks
Element type and location
Top surface of decks and ramps at the entry level of car park
Top surface of decks and ramps exposed to freezing
Top surface of decks and ramps in other locations
Minimum
Environment Examples
Concrete Grade
X0 Unreinforced concrete - Members without steel reinforcement C12/15
- Internal components, components under
XC1 Dry or permanently wet C16/20
water
XC2 Wet, rarely dry - Water tanks, foundation components C16/20
XC3 Moderate humidity - Exterior components, damp rooms C20/25
XC4 Cyclic wet and dry - External components with direct irrigation C25/30
- Components in the spray mist area of
XD1 Moderate humidity C30/37
traffic areas, individual garages
- Swimming pools.
XD2 Wet, rarely dry - Concrete components exposed to C35/45
industrial waters containing chlorides
- Parts of bridges exposed to spray
containing chlorides.
XD3 Cyclic wet and dry C35/45
- Pavements
- Car park slabs
Exposed to airborne salt but not
XS1 - Structures near to or on the coast C30/37
in direct contact with sea water
XS2 Permanently submerged - Parts of marine structures C35/45
XS3 Tidal, splash and spray zones - Parts of marine structures C35/45
Moderate water saturation - Vertical concrete surfaces exposed to rain
XF1 C25/30
without de-icing agent and freezing
- Vertical concrete surfaces of road C25/30
Moderately water saturation with
XF2 structures exposed to freezing and
de-icing agent or sea water C35/45
airborne de-icing agents
- Water tank, water change zone (fresh
High water saturation without de- water) C25/30
XF3
icing agents - Horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to C35/45
rain and freezing
- Road and bridge decks exposed to de-
icing agents
High water saturation with de- - Concrete surfaces exposed to direct spray
XF4 C30/37
icing agent or sea water containing de-icing agents and freezing
- Splash zone of marine structures exposed
to freezing
Chemically weakly aggressive - Wastewater treatment plant tanks, slurry
XA1 C25/30
environment tanks
Chemically moderately - Components in soils that attack concrete,
XA2 C35/45
aggressive environment seawater structures
Chemically aggressive - Industrial wastewater systems with
XA3 C35/45
environment chemically aggressive wastewater
XM1 Moderate abrasion - Traffic areas C30/37
XM2 Heavy abrasion - Forklift traffic C35/45
XM3 Extreme abrasion - Traffic with tracked vehicles C35/45
Internal components.
WO Largely dry concrete
External components without direct contact with water
Unprotected external components, damp rooms, components
WF Often damp concrete
that frequently fall below the dew point (e.g. chimneys)
Components exposed to seawater de-icing salt;
WA Like WF with alkaline input
Buildings exposed to alkali salt
Dynamically stressed concrete Effect of de-icing salt and high dynamic stress
WS
with alkali ingress (e.g. concrete roadways)
Recommended exposure class
XD3 & XM1
XF2 & XD1 Optional - XM1
XD1 Optional - XM1
3
 Concrete Cover

TABLE 3.1 - CONCRETE COVER

cnom [mm]
cmin [mm] Δc [mm]
Ø6 Ø8 Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 25 Ø 28

Corrosion of reinforcement by induced carbonation

XC1 10 10 20 20 20 22 24 26 30 35 38

XC2 20 15 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 40 43

XC3 20 15 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 40 43

XC4 25 15 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 43

Corrosion of reinforcement by induced chlorides

XD1 40 15

XD2 40 15 55

XD3 40 15

Corrosion of reinforcement by induced chlorides from sea water

XS1 40 15

XS2 40 15 55

XS3 40 15

Concrete attack by abrasion

XM1 increase cmin by 5mm

XM2 increase cmin by 10mm Concrete cover depends on the exposure class

XM3 increase cmin by 15mm

Differentiate Cnom and Cv

cnom = cmin + Δcdev

cv = max(cnom,st ; cnom,long - ØStirrup) Concrete cover (cv)

Nominal concrete cover (cnom )

Allowance in design
Minimum concrete cover (cmin )
(Δcdev)

4
 Placement and arrangement of bars

TABLE 4.1 - CLEAR DISTANCE OF BARS

Ømax
Ømax: diameter of rebars. At the lapping areas a ≥ 2Ømax
a ≥ {20 mm 𝑑𝑔 : maximum size of concrete aggregate (32 mm or 16 mm)
dg + 5 mm
➔ GBC rule: the minimum clear distance of bars is 40mm

INDIVIDUAL TWINNED BUNDLED

Ø Ø. √𝟐 Ø. √𝟒
a ≥ {20 mm a ≥ {20 mm a ≥ {20 mm
dg + 5 mm dg + 5 mm dg + 5 mm

Bundled bars: Øn = Ø. √𝒏 ≤ 55 𝑚𝑚 ; Ø ≤ 28mm

• Bars with different diameters may be bundled if the ratio of the diameters ≤ 1.7
• n: the number of bars in the bundle
n ≤ 4 for vertical bars in compression and for bars in one overlap;
n ≤ 3 for all other cases

TABLE 4.2 - ARRANGEMENT OF BARS

Arrangement bars of top layer: at least 6cm space for concrete vibrator

Arrangement bar of bottom layer: at least 4cm space

- Diameter of the concrete Tremie hoses is 80 to 180 mm

Space shall be at least 40mm larger than the hose for filling in the concrete
➔ Minimum space for concrete hose is 120 mm. (with walls or columns)
- The rebars with large diameter is arranged outside: concrete mortar easily
compacted to rebars

5
 Bending of bars

TABLE 5.1 - MINIMUM BENDING DIAMETER Dmin

Bending for redirection of forces: inclined bars or other bended bars Constructive bending: Hooks, loops, stirrups

Minimum concrete cover at right Bending diameter Rebar diameter Bending diameter
angles to the bending plane D [mm] Ø [mm] D [mm]

> 100 mm und > 7 Ø Dmin = 10 Ø Ø ≤ 12 Dmin = 4 Ø ≥ 40mm

> 50 mm und > 3 Ø Dmin = 15 Ø 12 < Ø < 20 Dmin = 4 Ø ≥ 64 mm

≤ 50 mm or ≤ 3 Ø Dmin = 20 Ø Ø ≥ 20 Dmin = 7 Ø ≥ 175 mm

The required bending diameter must always be specified for If the bending diameter is not specified for the bending form
production and checking, namely on the bending form in the either in the reinforcement plan or on the bar list, the required D
reinforcement plan and on the bar list. is to be taken from this table.

TABLE 5.2 - MINIMUM SIZE OF BENDING BAR bmin [cm]

bmin: minimum size of rebar

Example:
Slab h = 30cm
cv = 2,5cm (top and bottom)

- Hook required: Ø16 with 15ds

bmin = 27,5cm > (30-2*2,5) = 25cm
➔ Not possible

- Hook required: Ø16 with 10ds

bmin = 19,2cm < (30-2*2,5) = 25cm
➔ Possible

Bonding

TABLE 6.1 - BONDING CONDITIONS

Direction of concreting Direction of concreting Direction of concreting

Direction of concreting

Good bonding conditions Poor bonding conditions

6
 Anchorage Neo cốt thép,
7.1 Basic Anchorage length

TABLE 7.1 - BASIC ANCHORAGE LENGTH lb,rqd [cm] FOR GOOD / POOR BONDING, As,req / As, exist = 1.0

Steel Grade fyd = 435 N/mm²

Number of bars = 1.0

C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60
Ø6 29 / 41 25 / 35 22 / 32 20 / 28 18 / 26 17 / 24 16 / 22
Ø8 38 / 55 33 / 47 29 / 42 26 / 37 24 / 34 22 / 32 21 / 29
Ø 10 48 / 68 41 / 58 37 / 52 32 / 46 30 / 42 28 / 39 26 / 37
Ø 12 57 / 82 49 / 70 44 / 63 39 / 55 36 / 51 33 / 47 31 / 44
Ø 14 67 / 95 57 / 81 51 / 73 45 / 64 42 / 59 39 / 55 36 / 51
Ø 16 76 / 109 65 / 93 58 / 83 52 / 74 48 / 68 44 / 63 41 / 58
Ø 20 95 / 136 81 / 116 73 / 104 64 / 92 59 / 84 55 / 78 51 / 73
Ø 25 119 / 169 101 / 144 91 / 130 80 / 115 74 / 105 68 / 98 64 / 91
Ø 28 133 / 190 113 / 162 102 / 145 90 / 128 83 / 118 77 / 109 71 / 102

TABLE 7.2 - BASIC ANCHORAGE LENGTH lb,rqd [cm] FOR GOOD / POOR BONDING WITH DOUBLE BARS, As,req / As, exist = 1.0

Steel Grade fyd = 435 N/mm²

Number of bars = 2.0 (double bars)

C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60
Ø6 41 / 58 35 / 49 31 / 44 28 / 39 25 / 36 24 / 33 22 / 31
Ø8 54 / 77 46 / 66 42 / 59 37 / 52 34 / 48 31 / 44 29 / 41
Ø 10 67 / 96 57 / 82 52 / 74 46 / 65 42 / 60 39 / 55 36 / 52
Ø 12 81 / 115 69 / 98 62 / 88 55 / 78 50 / 72 47 / 66 43 / 62
Ø 14 94 / 134 80 / 114 72 / 103 64 / 91 59 / 84 54 / 77 51 / 72
Ø 16 107 / 153 92 / 131 83 / 118 73 / 104 67 / 96 62 / 88 58 / 82
Ø 20 134 / 192 114 / 163 103 / 147 91 / 130 84 / 119 77 / 110 72 / 103
Ø 25 168 / 239 143 / 204 129 / 184 114 / 162 104 / 149 97 / 138 90 / 128
Ø 28 188 / 268 160 / 228 144 / 206 127 / 181 117 / 167 108 / 154 101 / 144
How to calculate diameter and basic anchorage length for double bar?
- Example 7.1:
2Ø16 – B500 (fyd = 435 N/mm²)
C25/30 – good bonding (fbd = 2,7 N/mm²) – Table 1.1
n=2; Ø = 16
Øn = Ø. √n ≤ 55 mm
Øn = 16. √2 = 22,62mm
lb,rqd = 0,25 * Ø * (fyd / fbd) = 0,25 * 22,62mm * (435/2,7) = 911mm

7.2 Design Anchorage length

TABLE 7.3 - ANCHORAGE LENGTH

𝐥𝐛𝐝 = 𝛂𝟏 ∙ 𝛂𝟒 ∙ 𝛂𝟓 ∙ 𝐥𝐛,𝐫𝐪𝐝 ∙ (𝐀𝐬,𝐞𝐫𝐟 ⁄𝐀𝐬,𝐯𝐨𝐫𝐡 ) ≥ 𝐥𝐛.𝐦𝐢𝐧 (Use 1,0 for 𝛂𝟒 and 𝛂𝟓 )

Factor α1 In tension In compression

Without welded cross bars α1 = 1,0 α1 = 1,0
Straight bars
With a welded cross bar within lbd α1 = 0,7 α1 = 0,7

Hooks cd ≥ 3Ø 2) α1 = 0,7 1) Not permitted

Without welded cross bars
Loops cd < 3Ø 2) α1 = 1 Not permitted
1)
For loops with Dmin ≥ 15Ø, α1 may be reduced to 0.5
2)
cd = min {a/2; c1} for hooks; cd = c for loops

7
7.3 Anchorage at Support

TABLE 7.4 - ANCHORAGE AT SUPPORT

Offset dimension al
θ Angle between concrete strut and component axis
z
al = ∙ (cot θ − cot α) ≥ 0 α Angle between shear reinforcement and component axis
2 z inner lever arm; z = 0.9 d can be assumed for simplicity
For slabs without shear reinforcement, αl = 1.0 ∙ d always applies
Application example Anchorage length Explanation
Anchoring of tension bars
Spans lbd ≥ 10. Ø
lb,min = 0,3 ∙ α1 ∙ α4 ∙ lb,rqd {
≥ 100 mm

Dirrect end support 2 Anchoring of compression bars

(h1 ≤ h2) lbd,dir = ∙ l ≥ 6,7ϕ
3 bd
≥ 10. Ø
lb,min = 0,6 ∙ lb,rqd {
≥ 100 mm
Indirrect end support
lbd,ind = lbd ≥ 10ϕ At least 25% of the field reinforcement for beams
(h1 > h2)
and 50% of the field reinforcement for slabs must
be led to the support and anchored.

The reinforcement must always be carried out

Intermediate supports l = 10ϕ over the calculated support line.

Required rebars on the support

al
FEd = |VEd |[kN] ∙ + NEd [kN]
z
FEd ≥ 0,5 ∙ VEd
FEd
As,req [cm2] =
43,5

VEd Design shear force in the calculated support line

al / z Ratio of offset dimension / inner lever arm

Assuming a freely rotatable bearing at the end support,

restraints that have not been mathematically recorded are to
be recorded by arranging a supporting reinforcement.

The cross-sections of this reinforcement are to be dimensioned

for the assumption of Ms ≥ 0.25 MF.

Length of the restraint reinforcement: 0.25 times the length of

the end span.

8
Anchorage Tables for different concrete Grades with Direct support

TABLE 7.5 - ANCHORAGE TABLE

Concrete C25/30 fbd = 2.7 MN/m² fyd = 435 MN/m²

Fs,Rd - Straight Bar [kN] Fs,Rd – Loop [kN]
lb,dir
Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 25 Ø 28 Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 25 Ø 28
[mm]
12.72 15.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 36.34 43.61 50.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14.00 16.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 110 39.97 47.97 55.96 63.96 0.00 0.00 0.00
15.27 18.32 21.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 120 43.61 52.33 61.05 69.77 0.00 0.00 0.00
16.54 19.85 23.16 26.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 130 47.24 56.69 66.14 75.58 0.00 0.00 0.00
17.81 21.38 24.94 28.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 140 50.87 61.05 71.22 81.40 101.75 0.00 0.00
19.09 22.90 26.72 30.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 150 54.51 65.41 76.31 87.21 109.01 0.00 0.00
20.36 24.43 28.50 32.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 160 58.14 69.77 81.40 93.03 116.28 0.00 0.00
21.63 25.96 30.28 34.61 43.26 0.00 0.00 170 61.77 74.13 86.48 98.84 123.55 154.44 0.00
22.90 27.48 32.06 36.64 45.80 0.00 0.00 180 65.41 78.49 91.57 104.65 130.82 163.52 0.00
24.17 29.01 33.84 38.68 48.35 0.00 0.00 190 68.33 82.85 96.66 110.47 138.09 172.61 193.32
25.45 30.54 35.63 40.72 50.89 0.00 0.00 200 68.33 87.21 101.75 116.28 145.35 181.69 203.49
26.72 32.06 37.41 42.75 53.44 66.80 0.00 210 68.33 91.57 106.83 122.10 152.62 190.78 213.67
27.99 33.59 39.19 44.79 55.98 69.98 0.00 220 68.33 95.93 111.92 127.91 159.89 199.86 223.84
29.26 35.12 40.97 46.82 58.53 73.16 81.94 230 68.33 98.39 117.01 133.72 167.16 208.94 234.02
30.54 36.64 42.75 48.86 61.07 76.34 85.50 240 68.33 98.39 122.10 139.54 174.42 218.03 244.19
31.81 38.17 44.53 50.89 63.62 79.52 89.06 250 68.33 98.39 127.18 145.35 181.69 227.11 254.37
33.08 39.70 46.31 52.93 66.16 82.70 92.63 260 68.33 98.39 132.27 151.17 188.96 236.20 264.54
34.16 41.22 48.09 54.97 68.71 85.88 96.19 270 68.33 98.39 133.93 156.98 196.23 245.28 274.72
34.16 42.75 49.88 57.00 71.25 89.06 99.75 280 68.33 98.39 133.93 162.80 203.49 254.37 284.89
34.16 44.28 51.66 59.04 73.80 92.25 103.31 290 68.33 98.39 133.93 168.61 210.76 263.45 295.07
34.16 45.80 53.44 61.07 76.34 95.43 106.88 300 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.42 218.03 272.54 305.24
34.16 47.33 55.22 63.11 78.89 98.61 110.44 310 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 225.30 281.62 315.42
34.16 48.86 57.00 65.14 81.43 101.79 114.00 320 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 232.56 290.71 325.59
34.16 49.20 58.78 67.18 83.97 104.97 117.56 330 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 239.83 299.79 335.76
34.16 49.20 60.56 69.22 86.52 108.15 121.13 340 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 247.10 308.87 345.94
34.16 49.20 62.34 71.25 89.06 111.33 124.69 350 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 254.37 317.96 356.11
34.16 49.20 64.13 73.29 91.61 114.51 128.25 360 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 261.63 327.04 366.29
34.16 49.20 65.91 75.32 94.15 117.69 131.81 370 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 268.90 336.13 376.46
34.16 49.20 66.96 77.36 96.70 120.87 135.38 380 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 345.21 386.64
34.16 49.20 66.96 79.39 99.24 124.05 138.94 390 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 354.30 396.81
34.16 49.20 66.96 81.43 101.79 127.23 142.50 400 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 363.38 406.99

- Example 7.2: Anchorage at direct end support for beam

Beam 30/60cm – C25/30 – d=55cm – B500 (43,5 kN/cm²)

Support length = 24 - 3 = 21cm

Bottom rebar 6D16

VEd = 500 kN

NEd = +100 kN (“+” tension in beam – Do not consider in compression)

Stirrup = 90° →cotα= 1/tan90° = 0

Cotθ = 2,0 (assumption on safe side or check for value in analysis)

z = 0,9 * d = 0,9 * 0,55m = 0,495m

al = 0,5*z *(cotθ – cotα) = 0,5 * 0,495m * (2,0-0) = 0,495m

FEd = VEd * al / z + Ned = 500 kN * 0,495m / 0,495m + 100 kN = 600 kN

:
Anchorage capacity of straight bar 6Ø16 (read from table) – 6 * 42,75kN = 256,5 kN → Need Loops!

Remaining Force ΔFEd = 600 kN – 256,5 kN = 343,5 kN

Chosen loops:

from table: 4 loops Ø14 = 4 * 106,83kN = 427,32 kN > 343,5 kN

9
TABLE 7.6 - ANCHORAGE TABLE

Concrete C30/37 fbd = 3.0 MN/m² fyd = 435 MN/m²

Fs,Rd - Straight Bar [kN] Fs,Rd – Loop [kN]

lb,dir
Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 25 Ø 28 Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 25 Ø 28
[mm]
14.14 16.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 40.38 48.45 56.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15.55 18.66 21.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 110 44.41 53.30 62.18 71.06 0.00 0.00 0.00
16.96 20.36 23.75 27.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 120 48.45 58.14 67.83 77.52 0.00 0.00 0.00
18.38 22.05 25.73 29.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 130 52.49 62.99 73.48 83.98 0.00 0.00 0.00
19.79 23.75 27.71 31.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 140 56.53 67.83 79.14 90.44 113.05 0.00 0.00
21.21 25.45 29.69 33.93 42.41 0.00 0.00 150 60.56 72.68 84.79 96.90 121.13 0.00 0.00
22.62 27.14 31.67 36.19 45.24 0.00 0.00 160 64.60 77.52 90.44 103.36 129.20 0.00 0.00
24.03 28.84 33.65 38.45 48.07 0.00 0.00 170 68.33 82.37 96.09 109.82 137.28 171.60 0.00
25.45 30.54 35.63 40.72 50.89 0.00 0.00 180 68.33 87.21 101.75 116.28 145.35 181.69 0.00
26.86 32.23 37.60 42.98 53.72 67.15 0.00 190 68.33 92.06 107.40 122.74 153.43 191.78 214.80
28.27 33.93 39.58 45.24 56.55 70.69 0.00 200 68.33 96.90 113.05 129.20 161.50 201.88 226.10
29.69 35.63 41.56 47.50 59.38 74.22 83.13 210 68.33 98.39 118.70 135.66 169.58 211.97 237.41
31.10 37.32 43.54 49.76 62.20 77.75 87.08 220 68.33 98.39 124.36 142.12 177.65 222.07 248.71
32.52 39.02 45.52 52.02 65.03 81.29 91.04 230 68.33 98.39 130.01 148.58 185.73 232.16 260.02
33.93 40.72 47.50 54.29 67.86 84.82 95.00 240 68.33 98.39 133.93 155.04 193.80 242.25 271.33
34.16 42.41 49.48 56.55 70.69 88.36 98.96 250 68.33 98.39 133.93 161.50 201.88 252.35 282.63
34.16 44.11 51.46 58.81 73.51 91.89 102.92 260 68.33 98.39 133.93 167.96 209.95 262.44 293.94
34.16 45.80 53.44 61.07 76.34 95.43 106.88 270 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.42 218.03 272.54 305.24
34.16 47.50 55.42 63.33 79.17 98.96 110.84 280 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 226.10 282.63 316.55
34.16 49.20 57.40 65.60 82.00 102.49 114.79 290 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 234.18 292.72 327.85
34.16 49.20 59.38 67.86 84.82 106.03 118.75 300 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 242.25 302.82 339.16
34.16 49.20 61.36 70.12 87.65 109.56 122.71 310 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 250.33 312.91 350.46
34.16 49.20 63.33 72.38 90.48 113.10 126.67 320 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 258.40 323.01 361.77
34.16 49.20 65.31 74.64 93.31 116.63 130.63 330 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 266.48 333.10 373.07
34.16 49.20 66.96 76.91 96.13 120.17 134.59 340 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 343.19 384.38
34.16 49.20 66.96 79.17 98.96 123.70 138.54 350 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 353.29 395.68
34.16 49.20 66.96 81.43 101.79 127.23 142.50 360 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 363.38 406.99
34.16 49.20 66.96 83.69 104.62 130.77 146.46 370 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 373.48 418.29
34.16 49.20 66.96 85.95 107.44 134.30 150.42 380 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 383.57 429.60
34.16 49.20 66.96 87.46 110.27 137.84 154.38 390 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 393.66 440.90
34.16 49.20 66.96 87.46 113.10 141.37 158.34 400 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 403.76 452.21

- Example 7.3: Anchorage at direct end support for deep beam

Deep beam 30/250cm – C30/37 – B500 (43,5 kN/cm²)

Concrete cover = 4cm => Support length = 24 - 4 = 20cm

Bottom rebar 4D20 (12,56 cm²)

FEd = 4 * 12,56 cm² * 43,5 kN/m² = 546,36 kN

Anchorage capacity of straight bar 4Ø20 (read from table):

4 * 56,55 kN = 226,2 kN → Need Loops!

Remaining Force ΔFEd = 546,36 kN - 226,2 kN = 320,16 kN

Chosen loops:

from table: 3 loops Ø14 = 3 * 113,05kN = 339,15 kN > 320,16 kN

10
TABLE 7.7 - ANCHORAGE TABLE

Concrete C35/45 fbd = 3.4 MN/m² fyd = 435 MN/m²

Fs,Rd - Straight Bar [kN] Fs,Rd – Loop [kN]

lb,dir
Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 25 Ø 28 Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 25 Ø 28
[mm]
16.02 19.23 22.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 45.76 54.91 64.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
17.62 21.15 24.67 28.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 110 50.34 60.40 70.47 80.54 0.00 0.00 0.00
19.23 23.07 26.92 30.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 120 54.91 65.89 76.88 87.86 0.00 0.00 0.00
20.83 24.99 29.16 33.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 130 59.49 71.38 83.28 95.18 0.00 0.00 0.00
22.43 26.92 31.40 35.89 44.86 0.00 0.00 140 64.06 76.88 89.69 102.50 128.13 0.00 0.00
24.03 28.84 33.65 38.45 48.07 0.00 0.00 150 68.33 82.37 96.09 109.82 137.28 0.00 0.00
25.64 30.76 35.89 41.02 51.27 0.00 0.00 160 68.33 87.86 102.50 117.14 146.43 0.00 0.00
27.24 32.69 38.13 43.58 54.48 68.09 0.00 170 68.33 93.35 108.91 124.46 155.58 194.48 0.00
28.84 34.61 40.38 46.14 57.68 72.10 0.00 180 68.33 98.39 115.31 131.79 164.73 205.92 0.00
30.44 36.53 42.62 48.71 60.88 76.11 85.24 190 68.33 98.39 121.72 139.11 173.88 217.36 243.44
32.04 38.45 44.86 51.27 64.09 80.11 89.72 200 68.33 98.39 128.13 146.43 183.04 228.80 256.25
33.65 40.38 47.11 53.83 67.29 84.12 94.21 210 68.33 98.39 133.93 153.75 192.19 240.24 269.06
34.16 42.30 49.35 56.40 70.50 88.12 98.70 220 68.33 98.39 133.93 161.07 201.34 251.68 281.88
34.16 44.22 51.59 58.96 73.70 92.13 103.18 230 68.33 98.39 133.93 168.39 210.49 263.12 294.69
34.16 46.14 53.83 61.52 76.91 96.13 107.67 240 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 219.64 274.56 307.50
34.16 48.07 56.08 64.09 80.11 100.14 112.15 250 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 228.80 285.99 320.31
34.16 49.20 58.32 66.65 83.32 104.14 116.64 260 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 237.95 297.43 333.13
34.16 49.20 60.56 69.22 86.52 108.15 121.13 270 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 247.10 308.87 345.94
34.16 49.20 62.81 71.78 89.72 112.15 125.61 280 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 256.25 320.31 358.75
34.16 49.20 65.05 74.34 92.93 116.16 130.10 290 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 265.40 331.75 371.56
34.16 49.20 66.96 76.91 96.13 120.17 134.59 300 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 343.19 384.38
34.16 49.20 66.96 79.47 99.34 124.17 139.07 310 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 354.63 397.19
34.16 49.20 66.96 82.03 102.54 128.18 143.56 320 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 366.07 410.00
34.16 49.20 66.96 84.60 105.75 132.18 148.04 330 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 377.51 422.81
34.16 49.20 66.96 87.16 108.95 136.19 152.53 340 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 388.95 435.63
34.16 49.20 66.96 87.46 112.15 140.19 157.02 350 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 400.39 448.44
34.16 49.20 66.96 87.46 115.36 144.20 161.50 360 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 411.83 461.25
34.16 49.20 66.96 87.46 118.56 148.20 165.99 370 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 423.27 474.07
34.16 49.20 66.96 87.46 121.77 152.21 170.48 380 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 427.06 486.88
34.16 49.20 66.96 87.46 124.97 156.22 174.96 390 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 427.06 499.69
34.16 49.20 66.96 87.46 128.18 160.22 179.45 400 68.33 98.39 133.93 174.92 273.32 427.06 512.50

TABLE 7.8 - ANCHORAGE SITUATION BASED ON BAR SHAPE

Straight Bar Hook Bar Rounded hook Bar

lbd = α1 . lb,rqd (α1 =1) lbd = α1 . lb,rqd (α1 =0.7) lbd = α1 . lb,rqd (α1 =1)

11
 Lapping nối thép
8.1 Lapping of single rebars

TABLE 8.1 - LAPPING OF SINGLE REBARS

𝑨𝒔,𝒓𝒆𝒒 ≥ 𝟏𝟓. Ø
l0 = α1 . α5 . α6. lb,rqd . 𝑨𝒔,𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒔𝒕 ≥ l0,min ; l0,min = 0,3. α1 . α6. lb,rqd {
≥ 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

Percentage of lapping ≤ 33% > 33%

a ≥ 8 Ø and c1 ≥ 4 Ø α6 = 1,0 α6 = 1,0

Ø < 16 mm
a < 8 Ø or c1 < 4 Ø α6 = 1,2 α6 = 1,4
In tension
a ≥ 8 Ø and c1 ≥ 4 Ø α6 = 1,0 α6 = 1,4
vùng kéo Ø ≥ 16 mm
a < 8 Ø or c1 < 4 Ø α6 = 1,4 α6 = 2,0

In compression α6 = 1,0
vùng nén
Arrangement of lapping bars and transverse bars:

- Top view of 50% Lapping

- Top view of 100% Lapping (at low stress areas)

How to calculate the lapping length l0 and transverse bar?

- Example 8.1:

Main rebar of slab: Ø20/15; C25/30 - fbd = 2,7 N/mm2; Lapping 50%; α1 = 1; α5 = 1; c1 > 4Ø

lb,rqd = (20/4) * (435/2,7) = 805 mm

a = 300 - 2Ø = 300 – 2*20 = 260 mm > 8Ø = 160 mm → α6 = 1,4

l0 = 1 * 1 * 1,4 * 805 = 1127 mm > l0,min = 0,3 * 1 * 1,4 * 805 = 338 mm

Transverse rebar: Ast ≥ 1,0 * 3,14 cm2 = 3,14 cm2 → Chosen 2 * 4Ø8 = 4,02 cm2
12
TABLE 8.2 - ALPHA 6 FACTOR (α6) FOR LAPPING 50% AND 100%
Spacing Ø8 Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 25 Ø 28
[cm] 50% 100% 50% 100% 50% 100% 50% 100% 50% 100% 50% 100% 50% 100% 50% 100%
5.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0
12.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.0 2.0 2.0
15.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.0
17.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.0
20.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.0
25.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.0
For Beams 1.4 2.0
- For values 0,0 spacing is too small - lapping not permitted
- Other requirements for bar spacing such as concrete compaction must be checked. Recommended minimum spacing of bars is 7,5cm
and ≥ 4Ø

TABLE 8.3 - LAPPPING LENGTH l0 [cm] FOR GOOD / POOR BONDING, α6=1, As,req / As, exist = 1.0
Steel Grade fyd = 435 N/mm²
Number of bars = 1.0
α6 = 1.0
C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60 Transverse Bar
Ø6 29 / 41 25 / 35 22 / 32 20 / 28 20 / 26 20 / 24 20 / 22
Ø8 38 / 55 33 / 47 29 / 42 26 / 37 24 / 34 22 / 32 21 / 29
Ø 10 48 / 68 41 / 58 37 / 52 32 / 46 30 / 42 28 / 39 26 / 37
Ø 12 57 / 82 49 / 70 44 / 63 39 / 55 36 / 51 33 / 47 31 / 44
Ø 14 67 / 95 57 / 81 51 / 73 45 / 64 42 / 59 39 / 55 36 / 51
Ø 16 76 / 109 65 / 93 58 / 83 52 / 74 48 / 68 44 / 63 41 / 58
Ø 20 95 / 136 81 / 116 73 / 104 64 / 92 59 / 84 55 / 78 51 / 73 2 x 4Ø8
Ø 25 119 / 169 101 / 144 91 / 130 80 / 115 74 / 105 68 / 98 64 / 91 2 x 4Ø10
Ø 28 133 / 190 113 / 162 102 / 145 90 / 128 83 / 118 77 / 109 71 / 102 2 x 4Ø10

TABLE 8.4 - LAPPPING LENGTH l0 [cm] FOR GOOD / POOR BONDING - TENSION LAP, α6=1.4, As,req / As, exist = 1.0
Steel Grade fyd = 435 N/mm²
Number of bars = 1.0
α6 = 1.4
C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60 Transverse Bar
Ø6 40 / 57 34 / 49 31 / 44 27 / 39 25 / 36 23 / 33 22 / 31
Ø8 53 / 76 46 / 65 41 / 58 36 / 52 33 / 48 31 / 44 29 / 41
Ø 10 67 / 95 57 / 81 51 / 73 45 / 64 42 / 59 39 / 55 36 / 51
Ø 12 80 / 114 68 / 97 61 / 87 54 / 77 50 / 71 46 / 66 43 / 61
Ø 14 93 / 133 79 / 113 72 / 102 63 / 90 58 / 83 54 / 77 50 / 71
Ø 16 106 / 152 91 / 129 82 / 116 72 / 103 66 / 95 61 / 87 57 / 81
Ø 20 133 / 190 113 / 162 102 / 145 90 / 128 83 / 118 77 / 109 71 / 102 2 x 4Ø8
Ø 25 166 / 237 141 / 202 127 / 182 112 / 160 103 / 147 96 / 136 89 / 127 2 x 4Ø10
Ø 28 186 / 265 158 / 226 143 / 203 126 / 180 116 / 165 107 / 153 100 / 142 2 x 4Ø10

TABLE 8.5 - LAPPPING LENGTH l0 [cm] FOR GOOD / POOR BONDING - TENSION LAP, α6=2, As,req / As, exist = 1.0
Steel Grade fyd = 435 N/mm²
Number of bars = 1.0
α6 = 2.0
C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60 Transverse Bar
Ø 16 152 / 217 129 / 185 116 / 166 103 / 147 95 / 135 87 / 125 81 / 116
Ø 20 190 / 271 162 / 231 145 / 208 128 / 183 118 / 168 109 / 156 102 / 145 2 x 4Ø8
Ø 25 237 / 338 202 / 288 182 / 259 160 / 229 147 / 210 136 / 195 127 / 181 2 x 4Ø10
Ø 28 265 / 379 226 / 323 203 / 290 180 / 256 165 / 236 153 / 218 142 / 203 2 x 4Ø10

13
8.2 Lapping of mesh rebars

TABLE 8.6 - LAPPING LENGTH l0 [cm] FOR MESH REBAR IN LONGITUDINAL / CROSS DIRECTION WITH GOOD BONDING
As,req / As, exist = 1.0
Diameter C90/105
Mesh C16/20 C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60 C55/67 C60/75 C70/85 C80/95
Ø C100/115

Q 188 A ø6 / ø6 33/33 29/29 25/25 22/22 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20

Q 257 A ø7 / ø7 39/39 34/34 29/29 26/26 23/23 21/21 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20

Q 335 A ø8 / ø8 44/44 38/38 33/33 29/29 26/26 24/24 22/22 21/21 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20

Q 424 A ø9 / ø9 49/50 43/50 37/50 33/50 29/50 27/50 26/50 23/50 22/50 21/50 20/50 20/50 22/50

Q 524 A ø 10 / ø 10 59/50 50/50 43/50 39/50 34/50 31/50 29/50 27/50 26/50 26/50 25/50 24/50 23/50

Q 636 A ø 9 / ø10 57/50 51/57 44/48 39/43 36/38 32/35 30/35 28/35 26/35 26/35 25/35 24/35 23/35

R 188 A ø6 / ø6 33/33 29/18 26/16 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15

R 257 A ø7 / ø6 39/16 34/16 29/16 26/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15

R 335 A ø8 / ø6 44/16 38/16 33/16 29/15 26/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15

R 424 A ø9 / ø8 49/25 43/25 37/25 33/25 29/25 27/25 25/25 25/25 25/25 25/25 25/25 25/25 25/25

R 524 A ø10 / ø 8 58/25 50/25 43/25 39/25 34/25 31/25 29/25 27/25 26/25 26/25 25/25 25/25 25/25

TABLE 8.7 - LAPPING LENGTH l0 [cm] FOR MESH REBAR IN LONGITUDINAL / CROSS DIRECTION WITH POOR BONDING
As,req / As, exist = 1.0
Diameter C90/105
Mesh C16/20 C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60 C55/67 C60/75 C70/85 C80/95
Ø C100/115

Q 188 A ø6 / ø6 33/33 29/29 25/25 22/22 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20

Q 257 A ø7 / ø7 39/39 33/33 29/29 26/26 23/23 21/21 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20

Q 335 A ø8 / ø8 44/44 38/38 33/33 29/29 26/26 24/24 22/22 21/21 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 20/20

Q 424 A ø9 / ø9 47/50 40/50 35/50 31/50 28/50 26/50 24/50 22/50 22/50 21/50 20/50 20/50 22/50

Q 524 A ø 10 / ø 10 57/50 49/50 42/50 37/50 34/50 31/50 29/50 27/50 26/50 26/50 25/50 24/50 23/50

Q 636 A ø 9 / ø10 57/50 49/50 42/50 37/50 34/50 31/50 29/50 27/50 26/50 26/50 25/50 24/50 23/50

R 188 A ø6 / ø6 45/15 41/15 35/15 32/15 28/15 26/15 24/15 22/15 22/15 22/15 22/15 22/15 22/15

R 257 A ø7 / ø6 54/15 48/15 41/15 37/15 32/15 30/15 28/15 26/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15 25/15

R 335 A ø8 / ø6 61/15 55/15 47/15 42/15 37/15 34/15 32/15 29/15 27/15 27/15 27/15 27/15 27/15

R 424 A ø9 / ø8 68/25 61/25 52/25 47/25 42/25 38/25 35/25 33/25 33/25 33/25 33/25 33/25 33/25

R 524 A ø10 / ø 8 80/25 72/25 61/25 55/25 49/25 45/25 41/25 39/25 39/25 39/25 39/25 39/25 39/25

We need to pay attention at the lapping zone, especially in 3 layers

of mesh rebar lapped in one section, because we must assure that
the concrete cover thickness is always alright.
Spacer size and concrete cover shall be chosen accordingly to
consider this case.
➔ Reduce spacer size 1cm in calculation.

14
8.3 Rules for lapping areas

- Beams / Slabs

- Bottom plate

- Example 8.2:

Top view and section of a Bottom plate 60cm with main rebar Ø20/15, C35/45, 50% lapping

15
 Single rebar Tables

TABLE 9.1 - SECTION AREA OF BARS PER METER WIDTH [cm2/m]

Spacing
Ø6 Ø8 Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 25 Ø 28
[cm]
5.0 5.65 10.05 15.71 22.62 30.79 40.21 62.83 98.17 123.15
6.0 4.71 8.38 13.09 18.85 25.66 33.51 52.36 81.81 102.63
7.0 4.04 7.18 11.22 16.16 21.99 28.72 44.88 70.12 87.96
7.5 3.77 6.70 10.47 15.08 20.53 26.81 41.89 65.45 82.10
8.0 3.53 6.28 9.82 14.14 19.24 25.13 39.27 61.36 76.97
9.0 3.14 5.59 8.73 12.57 17.10 22.34 34.91 54.54 68.42
10.0 2.83 5.03 7.85 11.31 15.39 20.11 31.42 49.09 61.58
7.5 3.77 6.70 10.47 15.08 20.53 26.81 41.89 65.45 82.10
15.0 1.88 3.35 5.24 7.54 10.26 13.40 20.94 32.72 41.05
20.0 1.41 2.51 3.93 5.65 7.70 10.05 15.71 24.54 30.79
25.0 1.13 2.01 3.14 4.52 6.16 8.04 12.57 19.63 24.63

TABLE 9.2 - SECTION AREA OF BARS [cm2]

Number
Ø6 Ø8 Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 25 Ø 28
of bars
1 0.28 0.50 0.79 1.13 1.54 2.01 3.14 4.91 6.16
2 0.57 1.01 1.57 2.26 3.08 4.02 6.28 9.82 12.32
3 0.85 1.51 2.36 3.39 4.62 6.03 9.42 14.73 18.47
4 1.13 2.01 3.14 4.52 6.16 8.04 12.57 19.63 24.63
5 1.41 2.51 3.93 5.65 7.70 10.05 15.71 24.54 30.79
6 1.70 3.02 4.71 6.79 9.24 12.06 18.85 29.45 36.95
7 1.98 3.52 5.50 7.92 10.78 14.07 21.99 34.36 43.10
8 2.26 4.02 6.28 9.05 12.32 16.08 25.13 39.27 49.26
9 2.54 4.52 7.07 10.18 13.85 18.10 28.27 44.18 55.42
10 2.83 5.03 7.85 11.31 15.39 20.11 31.42 49.09 61.58

TABLE 9.3 - MAXIMUM NUMBER OF MAIN BARS IN A BEAM (FOR NO LAPPING AND LAPPING OF BARS)

Diameter of Main Rebar [mm]

Beam Width [cm] Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 25 Ø 28

no yes no yes no yes no yes no yes no yes no yes
20 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1
25 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2
30 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 2
35 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 3 4 2
40 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 4 5 3 4 3
45 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 5 6 4 5 3
50 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 5 6 4 6 4
55 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 6 7 5 7 4
60 11 11 10 10 10 9 9 8 9 7 8 5 7 5
65 12 12 11 11 11 10 10 9 10 7 9 6 8 5
70 13 13 12 12 12 11 11 10 10 8 9 6 9 6
75 14 14 13 13 13 12 12 11 11 9 10 7 10 6
80 15 15 14 14 13 13 13 11 12 9 11 7 10 6
85 16 16 15 15 14 14 14 12 13 10 12 8 11 7
90 17 17 16 16 15 15 15 13 14 10 13 8 12 7
Stirrup Diameter [mm] Ø8 Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 16
Concrete Cover [cm] 3.5

16
 TABLE 9.4 - SECTION AREA OF STIRRUPS PER METER WIDTH as [cm2/m]

Spacing 2-legs 4-legs Number of bars

[cm] Ø8 Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20 per meter

5 20.11 31.42 45.24 61.58 80.42 125.66 62.83 90.48 123.15 160.85 251.33 20.00
6 16.76 26.18 37.70 51.31 67.02 104.72 52.36 75.40 102.63 134.04 209.44 16.67
7 14.36 22.44 32.31 43.98 57.45 89.76 44.88 64.63 87.96 114.89 179.52 14.29
7.5 13.40 20.94 30.16 41.05 53.62 83.78 41.89 60.32 82.10 107.23 167.55 13.33
8 12.57 19.63 28.27 38.48 50.27 78.54 39.27 56.55 76.97 100.53 157.08 12.50
9 11.17 17.45 25.13 34.21 44.68 69.81 34.91 50.27 68.42 89.36 139.63 11.11
10 10.05 15.71 22.62 30.79 40.21 62.83 31.42 45.24 61.58 80.42 125.66 10.00
12.5 8.04 12.57 18.10 24.63 32.17 50.27 25.13 36.19 49.26 64.34 100.53 8.00
15 6.70 10.47 15.08 20.53 26.81 41.89 20.94 30.16 41.05 53.62 83.78 6.67
20 5.03 7.85 11.31 15.39 20.11 31.42 15.71 22.62 30.79 40.21 62.83 5.00
25 4.02 6.28 9.05 12.32 16.08 25.13 12.57 18.10 24.63 32.17 50.27 4.00

TABLE 9.5 - MINIMUM STIRRUP LONGITUDINAL SPACING Sl,min [cm]

Legs Stirrup Diameter [mm]

n Ø6 Ø8 Ø 10 Ø 12 Ø 14 Ø 16 Ø 20
2 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
4 8.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 12.0
6 8.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 12.0

TABLE 9.6 - MAMIMUM STIRRUP SPACING [cm]

Shear force utilization 1) Longitudinal spacing sl,max Transverse spacing st,max

VEd ≤ 0,3 VRd,max 0,7. h or 300 mm 2) h or 800 mm
0,3 VRd,max ≤ VEd ≤ 0,6 VRd,max 3) 0,5. h or 300 mm
h or 600 mm
VEd ≥ 0,6 VRd,max 0,25. h or 200 mm
1)
VRd,max can be determined here in a simplified manner with cot θ = 1.2.
2)
For beams with h < 200 mm and VEd ≤ VRd,c , the stirrup spacings need not be less than 150 mm.
3)
This case can often be assumed.

- Example 9.1:
Sl Sl Sl
Minimum longitudinal spacing of stirrup Sl,min a a a
Stirrup Ø14 with 2 legs, 4 legs and 6 legs

To ensure the clear distance of top rebar a ≥ 6cm

- Stirrup Ø14 with 2 legs:

Sl,min = 6 + 1,4 = 7,4cm ~ 8cm

- Stirrup Ø14 with 4 legs:

Sl,min = 6 + 3*1,4 = 10,2cm ~ 11cm

- Stirrup Ø14 with 6 legs:

Sl,min = 6 + 3*1,4 = 10,2cm ~ 11cm

6 legs 4 legs 2 legs

17
 Mesh Rebar Table

TABLE 10.1 – MESH REBAR

Mesh construction
Overhangs
Type of Length/ Section As Weight per
start/end
mesh Width Diameter Number of peripheral long/ cross mesh
Spacing left/right
inside / outside longitudinal bars

[m] [mm] [mm] Left / right [cm2] [kg] [mm]

150 6,0 75
Q 188 A 1,88 / 1,88 41,7
150 6,0 25

150 7,0 75
Q 257 A 2,57 / 2,57 56,8
150 7,0 25

6,00 150 8,0 75

Q 335 A 3,35 / 3,35 74,3
2,30 150 8,0 25

150 9,0 / 7,0 4 / 4 75

Q 424 A 4,24 / 4,24 84,4
150 9,0 25

150 10,0 / 7,0 4 / 4 75

Q 524 A 5,24 / 5,24 100,9
150 10,0 25

6,00 100 9,0 / 7,0 4 / 4 62,5

Q 636 A 6,36 / 6,28 132,0
2,35 125 10,0 25

150 6,0 125

R 188 A 1,88 / 1,13 33,6
250 6,0 25

150 7,0 125

R 257 A 2,57 / 1,13 41,2
250 6,0 25

6,00 150 8,0 125

R 335 A 3,35 / 1,13 50,2
2,30 250 6,0 25

150 9,0 / 8,0 2 / 2 125

R 424 A 4,24 / 2,01 67,2
250 8,0 25

150 10,0 / 8,0 2 / 2 125

R 524 A 5,24 / 2,01 75,7
250 8,0 25

- Example 10.1: Mesh Q 524 A

18
 Punching Shear

TABLE 11.1 - PLACEMENT AREA AND THE LENGTH OF THE ADDITIONAL REBARS

Center Column
With studs Without studs

Wall end
With studs Without studs

Wall corner
With studs Without studs

Notes: Ls = length of studs; lbd = anchorage length; dm = effective height of slab

19
 ANCHORING ADDITIONAL REBARS AT THE EDGE / OPENING

- Example 11.1:
Slab 40cm with main rebar Q524A top and bottom layer, effective height dm = 34cm, C35/45
Punching shear calculation at column 75/45cm requires additional rebar for top layer: Ø12/15 in both directions

Placement area: bx = 2(ls + 1,5dm) +45 = 2(70+51) + 45 = 287cm; by = 2(70+51) + 75 = 317cm

Length of rebars: Lx = bx + 2(dm + lbd) = 287 + 2(34 + 39) = 433cm; Ly = by + 2(dm + lbd) = 317 + 2(34 + 39) = 463cm

20
 Spacers

TABLE 12.1 - SPACERS

Thickness of plates Type of spacers Arrangement of spacers

1)
S = 70/70
h > 120 cm Single spacer d = 20mm1)

120cm ≥ h > 50 cm Single spacer d = 16mm1)

Single spacer d = 14mm1)

50cm ≥ h > 30 cm

S = 70
DBV spacer

h ≤ 30 cm DBV spacer

1)
Spacing S and diameter d can be chosen based on the required calculation.

21