SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Shallow Foundations (3)

Spread footings foundation system

Page 1 of 39
‫‪SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM‬‬

‫ات اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟ ﻔ ﻠﺔ ﻟ ﻰ ﺎﻣﻞ ﺗ ﻌﺎً ﻟﻠ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﯾ ﺗ‬

‫ﻋﺔ اﻷﻋ ة ذات‬ ‫ﻞﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻋﺎت ‪ groups‬ﺣ‬ ‫أﺣ ﺎل اﻷﻋ ة إﻟﻰ ﻣ‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﯾ ﺗﻘ‬
‫ﺣ ﻞ وأﻗﻞ ﺣ ﻞ‬ ‫أﻛ‬ ‫ن اﻟﻔ ق ﻓﻰ اﻷﺣ ﺎل ﺑ‬ ‫اﻷ ﻌﺎد ﺣ‬ ‫اﻷﺣ ﺎل اﻟ ﻘﺎر ﺔ وﻧﻔ‬
‫ﻋﺎت اﻷﻋ ة(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣ ود ‪) 20t – 30t‬ﻋﺎدة ﺗ ن ﻧﻔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟ‬

‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺔ أﻋ ة )…‪ (F1, F2,‬ﺗ ﻌﺎً ﻷﻛ‬ ‫‪ Isolated footing‬ﻟ ﻞ ﻣ‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﯾ ﺗ‬
‫ﻋ د ﻓﻰ اﻟـ ‪.group‬‬

‫ن ﺣﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ ﻔ ﻠﺔ ﺻ ﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ اﺧﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻘ اﻋ ﻏ‬

‫ﺎﻓﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻣ ‪20 cm‬‬ ‫داﺧﻞ اﻟ ﻰ ) ﻌ ﻋ ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر(‬ ‫‪ (٤‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗ اﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻋ ﺗ‬
‫ﻣ اﻟ اﺧﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘ م ﺑ ﻌ ﯾﻞ أ ﻌﺎد اﻟﻘ اﻋ اﻟ ﻔ ﻠﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻠ‬

‫ﻣ ‪20 cm‬‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺔ أﻛ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ اﻟ ﻰ ) ﻌ ﻋ ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر(‬ ‫‪ (٥‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗ اﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻋ ﺗ‬
‫م ‪.Combined footing‬‬ ‫ﻧ‬

‫ﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋ ﻞ ‪ Local raft‬ﻟ ﻞ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻋ دﯾ‬ ‫‪ (٦‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗ اﺧﻞ اﻟﻘ اﻋ ﻷﻛ‬
‫ﻋ ﻗ رة ﺗ ﻞ اﻟ ﺔ )‪.(qall‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﺄﻛ ﻣ أن اﻹﺟﻬﺎدات أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟـ ‪ Raft‬ﻻ ﺗ‬

‫ﺎﻓﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻣ‬ ‫‪ (٧‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟ د ﻗﺎﻋ ة ﻗ ب ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر و ﺎن ﺟ ء ﻣ ﻬﺎ ﺧﺎرج ﺣ ود اﻟ ﻰ‬

‫اﻟ ﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗ ن ﻣﻼﺻﻘﺔ ﻟ‬ ‫أ ﻌﺎد اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة‬ ‫‪ 20 cm‬ﻧ ﺎول ﺗﻐ‬

‫ﺎﻓﺔ أﻛ‬ ‫‪ (٨‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟ د ﻗﺎﻋ ة ﻗ ب ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر و ﺎن ﺟ ء ﻣ ﻬﺎ ﺧﺎرج ﺣ ود اﻟ ﻰ‬

‫م‬ ‫ﺷ و ﻬﺎ ﻧ‬ ‫ﺗ ﻘ‬ ‫ام ‪ Strap beam‬وذا ﻟ‬ ‫‪ 20 cm‬ﻧ ﺎول اﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫‪.Combined footing‬‬

‫ﺎﻣﻞ ﯾ رﺳ اﻟﻘ اﻋ‬ ‫ﺔ واﻟ ادات ﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ اﻋ اﻟ ﻔ ﻠﺔ واﻟﻘ اﻋ اﻟ‬ ‫‪ (٩‬ﻌ ﺗ‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﻟ ﺣﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‪.‬‬

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‫‪SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM‬‬

‫ﺗ ﻘ اﻟ و اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻞ اﻟﻘ اﻋ ﯾ رﺳ اﻟ ﻼت‬ ‫‪ (١٠‬ﻌ اﻻﻧ ﻬﺎء ﻣ رﺳ‬

‫وﺿﻊ ﺳ ﻼت أﺳﻔﻞ ﻞ اﻟ اﺋ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﺗ ﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻞ ﻗﺎﻋ ة ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎﻋ ة أﺧ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻻ ﻔ ﻞ أن ﺗ ﻘﺎ ﻊ اﻟ ﻼت ﻗ ر اﻹﻣ ﺎن‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻔ ﻞ أن ﺗ ن اﻟ ﻼت ‪ Continuous beams‬ﻗ ر اﻹﻣ ﺎن‪.‬‬

‫اﻟـ ‪ Plan‬ﻧﻘ م ﺑ ﺳ ﺗﻔﺎﺻ ﻞ اﻟ ﻠ ﺢ ﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة ‪ isolated‬وﻗﺎﻋ ة‬ ‫‪ (١١‬ﻌ اﻻﻧ ﻬﺎء ﻣ‬

‫‪Elevation and Plan‬‬ ‫‪ combined‬وﻗﺎﻋ ة ‪ strap beam‬ﺎﻟ ﻘ‬

‫اﻟ ﻼﺣ ﺎت وﺟ ول أ ﻌﺎد وﺗ ﻠ ﺢ‬ ‫ﻞ اﻟﻘ اﻋ واﻟ ﻼت ﻧ‬ ‫‪ (١٢‬ﻌ اﻻﻧ ﻬﺎء ﻣ رﺳ‬

‫اﻟﻘ اﻋ وﺟ ول أ ﻌﺎد وﺗ ﻠ ﺢ اﻟ ﻼت )ﻣ ﻞ اﻟ ﺎذج اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ(‪.‬‬

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Footings near property line

C1 (a 1 xb 1 ) C2 (a 2 xb 2 )
Property line

Outer Inner
column column

D S

‫أن ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻌ د داﺧﻞ ﺣ ود‬ ‫ﻣ ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر‬ ‫ ﻋ وﺟ د ﻋ د ﻗ‬

:‫وﻫﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ ﺎﺳ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ وﻟ ﻟ ﯾ ﺟ أرﻊ اﺣ ﺎﻻت ﻟ ﺎم اﻟ ﺄﺳ‬

1) Isolated footing for each column.

2) Strap beam footing system.
3) Rectangular combined footing.
4) Trapezoidal combined footing.

:‫ اﻟ ﺎ ﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌ اﻣﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ‬systems ‫اﻟـ‬ ‫اﻻﺧ ﺎر ﺑ‬ ‫ ﻌ‬

1) Column loads.
2) Allowable bearing capacity.
3) Spacing between columns (S).
4) Property line distance (D).

‫ﻬﺎ ﺎﻟ ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾ ﺗ‬ ‫ﻘﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻌﺎد ﺣ‬ ‫ اﻟ ﺎ ﻘﺔ‬systems ‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ ﯾ اﻻﺧ ﺎر ﺑ‬

‫ اﻟ ﺎﻟﻰ ﺣ ﻰ ﻧ ﻞ ﻟ ﺎم‬System ‫ﺔ اﻟـ‬ ‫وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋ م ﺗ ﻘ أﺣ اﻟ و ﯾ ﺗ‬
. ‫اﻟ ﺎﺳ‬ ‫اﻟ ﺄﺳ‬

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

1) Isolated footing system

Isolated footing ‫ام‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺣ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ‬ ‫وﺟ د ﻋ د ﻗ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬

:‫ﺎ ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻘ ﻣ ذﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ م ﺧ وج اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة ﻋ ﺣ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ و‬

1) Try isolated footing for exterior column (C1):

For tP.C. > 20 cm: For tP.C. < 20 cm:

P1
A P.C.1 =  BP.C.1  LP.C.1 P1
q A R.C.1 =  BR.C.1  L R.C.1
all q
all
LP.C.1  BP.C.1  b1  a1
LR.C.1  BR.C.1  b1  a1
 BP.C.1  S  BR.C.1  S
 BR.C.1  S  BP.C.1  S
& LP.C.1  S  LR.C.1  S
& LR.C.1  S  LP.C.1  S

Check No. 1: Property line distance:

If L R.C.1 
2  D  O.K.  Try isolated footing for C2
If L R.C.1 2  D  Not O.K.  Try strap beam

:‫ﻣﻼﺣ ﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻋ ة‬ ‫اﻟ ﻘ ﻣ ﻋ وﺟ د ﺗ اﺧﻞ ﺑ‬ ، ‫اﻟ ﺎﺑ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻏ ﻣ ﺗ ﻘ اﻟ‬

‫ وﻟ ﻟ‬،Interior column ‫ وأﻗ ب ﻋ د داﺧﻠﻰ‬Exterior column ‫ﻋ د اﻟ ﺎر‬
:‫ﺎ ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ اﺧﻞ وذﻟ‬Check ‫ﺣ ﺎب أ ﻌﺎد اﻟﻌ د اﻟ اﺧﻠﻰ وﻋ ﻞ‬

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

2) Try isolated footing for interior column (C2):

For tP.C. >20 cm: For tP.C. <20 cm:

P2 P2
A P.C.2 =  BP.C.2  LP.C.2 A R.C.2 =  BR.C.2  LR.C.2
q q
all all

LP.C.2  BP.C.2  b 2  a 2 LR.C.2  BR.C.2  b 2  a 2

 BP.C.2  S  BR.C.2  S  BR.C.2  S  BP.C.2  S
& LP.C.2  S  L R.C.2  S & LR.C.2  S  LP.C.2  S

Check No. 2: Footing overlap:

 
If S  0.5 L R.C.1  L R.C.2    20 cm  Isolated footings are O.K.

If  S  0.5  L R.C.1  L R.C.2    20 cm  Not O.K.

 Use rectangular combined footing

:‫ﻣﻼﺣ ﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬

‫ وﻗ‬Rectangular combined footing ‫ام‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗ اﺧﻞ اﻟﻘ اﻋ ﯾ‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻋ ة اﻟ اﺧﻠ ﺔ )اﻟ ﻌ ة ﻋ ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر( أو ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟ د‬ ‫ث ذﻟ‬
‫ﻣ ﻋ م ﺗ اﺧﻞ اﻟﻘ اﻋ ﻟ ﻞ أﻋ ة‬ ‫اﻟ ﻘ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر وﻟ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ د ﻗ‬
.‫ﺄ‬ ‫اﻟ‬

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

2) Strap beam footing system (Cantilever footing)

P1 P2
Property line

Strap beam
R.C. footing R.C. footing
P.C. footing P.C. footing
D e S-e

L R.C.1/2
e

t P.C.
t P.C.

y
C1 C2
BR.C.1

BR.C.2
BP.C.1

BP.C.2
a2
a1

b1 b2
F1
F2
t P.C.

t P.C.
D S
L R.C.1 t P.C. L R.C.2 t P.C.
L P.C.1 L P.C.2

‫ ﻋ ﻣﺎ‬Strap beam footing system (Cantilever footing) ‫م اﻟـ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬

‫ام ﻗﺎﻋ ة‬ ‫ﺎ ﺔ ﻻﺳ‬ ‫( ﻏ‬D) ‫اﻟﻌ د اﻟ ﺎرﺟﻲ وﺣ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ ن اﻟ ﺎﻓﺔ ﺑ‬
.‫ﻣ ﻔ ﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﺗ ﻞ اﻟﻌ دﯾ‬Beam with a cantilever ‫ﺎرة ﻋ‬ (‫ )اﻟ اد‬Strap beam ‫ اﻟـ‬
.(F1, F2) ‫ﻣﻔ ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋ ﺗ‬ ‫وﺗ ﺗ‬

‫ﺔ ﻷﺣ ﺎل‬ ‫ة ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ د اﻟ ﺎر واﻟﻌ د اﻟ اﺧﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻋ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ن اﻟ ﺎﻓﺔ ﺑ‬

.strap beam ‫ن اﻟ ﻞ اﻷﻓ ﻞ ﻫ اﻟـ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ دﯾ وﻗ رة ﺗ ﻞ اﻟ ﺔ‬

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‫‪SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣ ﺎت ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟـ ‪ Strap beam‬واﻟـ ‪ Combined footing‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋ ﻠ ﺔ اﻻﺧ ﺎر ﺑ‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺗﻌ‬

‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋ اﻣﻞ وﻫﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪1) Spacing between columns (S):‬‬
‫ﻔ ﻞ اﻟـ ‪.Strap beam‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ ‪ Spacing‬اﻟ‬
‫ام اﻟـ ‪.Combined footing‬‬ ‫ﻔ ﻞ اﺳ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ ‪ Spacing‬اﻟ ﻐ‬

‫‪2) Column loads:‬‬

‫ام اﻟـ ‪.Strap beam‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﺣ ﺎل اﻟ ﻐ ة ﻔ ﻞ اﺳ‬
‫ام اﻟـ ‪.Combined footing‬‬ ‫ة ﻔ ﻞ اﺳ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﺣ ﺎل اﻟ‬

‫‪3) Allowable bearing capacity:‬‬

‫ام اﻟـ ‪.Strap beam‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ ‪ qall‬اﻟ ﻐ ة ﻔ ﻞ اﺳ‬
‫ام اﻟـ ‪.Combined footing‬‬ ‫ة ﻔ ﻞ اﺳ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ ‪ qall‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺛﻘﻞ ﻗﺎﻋ ة ﻋ د اﻟ ﺎر‬ ‫‪ (٢‬اﻟﻔ ة اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟـ ‪ Strap beam‬ﻫﻰ ﺗ ﺣ ﻞ ﻣ‬

‫ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻌ د ﻣ ﺎﻓﺔ ‪ e‬ﻓﻰ ﺣ ود )‪ (0.1-0.2 S‬ﻣﻊ وﺿﻊ ‪Strap‬‬ ‫ﻋ ﻣ‬
‫اﻟ ﻘﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺔ ﻟ ﺣﻞﻣ‬ ‫‪ beam‬ﺣ ﻰ ﻻ ﯾ ﻟ ﻋ وم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋ ة اﻟ ﺎر ﻧ‬

‫اﻟ‬ ‫أن ﯾ ﻘ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﻟ ﻰ ﺗ ن اﻟـ ‪ Strap beam‬ﺻﺎﻟ ﺔ ﻟﻼﺳ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﺎﻟ‬

‫ﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣ ‪1.5‬‬ ‫ﻋ ض ﻗﺎﻋ ة ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر أﻛ‬ ‫أﻻ ﯾ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ل اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ ﻐ ة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋ ﻧ ﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ﺗ‬ ‫أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻓﺔ ﺑ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ات اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ (٤‬ﯾ ﺗ ﯾ أ ﻌﺎد اﻟـ ‪ Strap beam footing system‬ﺗ ﻌﺎً ﻟﻠ‬

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Dimensions of strap beam footing system:

C1 (a 1 xb 1 ) C2 (a 2 xb 2 )
Property line

Exterior Interior
column column

D S

Given:

 Columns loads (P1, P2)

 Columns dimensions (a1, b1 & a2, b2)

 Spacing between columns (S)

 Property line distance (D)

 qall = allowable bearing capacity

 tP.C. = plain concrete thickness

 fcu & fy

:‫ﻣﻼﺣ ﺎت ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬

.fco ‫ام‬ ‫ﺣ ﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻌ ﻰ أ ﻌﺎد اﻷﻋ ة‬ ‫( إذا ﻟ‬١

.‫ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ ﺿﻬﺎ‬ tP.C. ‫ﻣﻌ ﻰ‬ ‫( إذا ﻟ‬٢

.‫ﺔ ﻣﻘ ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ ﺿﻬﺎ‬ fcu & fy ‫ﻣﻌ ﻰ‬ ‫( إذا ﻟ‬٣

:‫ﺎ ﯾﻠﻰ‬ Strap beam ‫أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟـ‬ ‫( ﯾ ﺗ ﯾ أ ﻌﺎد اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ﺗ‬٤

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Footings dimensions:

1) Assume eccentricity:
P1 P2

Assume e = (0.1  0.2) S A

 M @A = 0  R1  S
R1 R2
 Fy = 0  R2  S e S-e

2) Dimensions of F1:

For tP.C.< 20 cm: For tP.C.≥ 20 cm:

L P.C.1  L R.C.1  2(e  D) L P.C.1  L R.C.1  2 (e  D)

R1 R1
A R.C.1   BR.C.1  L R.C.1 A P.C.1   BP.C.1  L P.C.1
q all q all
 BR.C.1  S  BP.C.1  S
BP.C.1  BR.C.1  2 t P.C. BR.C.1  BP.C.1  2 t P.C.

Check No. 1: Footing dimensions ratio:

BR.C.1
If  1.5  O.K.
L R.C.1
BR.C.1
If > 1.5  Use combined footing
L R.C.1

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

2) Dimensions of F2 (square footing):

For tP.C.< 20 cm: For tP.C. ≥ 20 cm:

R2 R2
A R.C.2   (BR.C.2 ) 2 A P.C.2   (BP.C.2 ) 2
q all q all
 BR.C.2  S  BP.C.2  S
BP.C.2  BR.C.2  2 t P.C. BR.C.2  BP.C.2  2t P.C.

Check No. 2: Distance between R.C. footings:

L R.C.1 L R.C.2
y  (S  e)  
2 2
L R.C.min
If y   Strap beam is O.K.
2
L R.C.min
If y   use combined footing
2

Page 11 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Example 1:

For the two columns shown in the given plan:

The outer column load is 1600 kN, C2 (60x60)
The inner column load is 2500 kN.
It is required to:
a) Select a suitable foundation system to
support these two columns, thickness of

6.5m
P.C. is 30 cm, and qall = 175 KN/m2.
b) Draw a plan and sectional elevation for
the footing with scale 1:50, showing on C1 (30x80)
them the RFT details.

Answer: Neighboring area

1) Isolated footing can’t be used.

2) Try strap beam:

Assume e =  0.1  0.2  S 1600 kN 2500 kN

 e = 0.65  1.3 m A

try e  1.0 m
1891 kN 2209 kN
 MA = 0 1.0 5.5 m
 1600(6.5)  R1 (6.5  1)
 R1  1891 kN
 Fy = 0
 R 2  1600  2500  1891  2209 kN

Page 12 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Dimensions of F1:

L P.C.  L R.C.  2(1  0.4)  2.8 m

1891
A P.C.   10.81 m 2  BP.C.  2.8
175
 BP.C.  3.86 m
use BP.C.  3.9 m
 BR.C.  3.9  2(0.3)  3.3 m

Check No. 1:

BR.C. 3.3
  1.2 < 1.5 O.K.
L R.C. 2.8

Dimensions of F2:

2209
A P.C. =  12.62 m 2  (BP.C. ) 2
175
 BP.C.  3.55 m
 BR.C.  3.55  2(0.3)  2.95 m

Check No. 2:

2.8 2.95 2.8

y  5.5    2.625 m   1.4 m  O.K
2 2 2

Page 13 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Page 14 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Example 2:

For the two columns shown in the given plan:

C2 (60x60)
The outer column load is 1600 kN,

The inner column load is 2500 kN.

It is required to:

6.5m
a) Select a suitable foundation system to
support these two columns, thickness of
P.C. is 30 cm, and qall = 175 KN/m2.
C1 (30x80)
b) Draw a plan for the footing with scale

0.9
1:50, showing on them the RFT details.

Answer: Neighboring area

1) Try isolated footings

Dimensions of F1:

Pcol 1600
A P.C.    9.14 m 2  BP.C.  L P.C.
q 175
all

LP.C.  BP.C.  0.9  0.4  0.5 m

 BP.C. (BP.C.  0.5)  9.14 m 2
 BP.C.  2.78 m
Use BP.C.  2.8 m  LP.C.  3.3 m

Check No. 1:

LP.C. 2.8
  1.4 m > 0.9  Isolated footing can't be used
2 2

Page 15 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

2) Try strap beam:

Assume e =  0.1  0.2  S

1600 kN 2500 kN
 e = 0.65  1.3 m
A
try e  1.0 m
 MA = 0 1891 kN 2209 kN
 1600(6.5)  R1 (6.5  1) 1.0 5.5 m

 R1  1891 kN
 Fy = 0  R 2  1600  2500  1891  2209 kN

Dimensions of F1:
L P.C.  L R.C.  2(1  0.4)  2.8 m
1891
A P.C.   10.81 m 2  BP.C.  2.8
175
 BP.C.  3.86 m use BP.C.  3.9 m
 BR.C.  3.9  2(0.3)  3.3 m

Check No. 1:
BR.C. 3.3
  1.2 < 1.5 O.K.
L R.C. 2.8

Dimensions of F2:
2209
A P.C. =  12.62 m 2  (BP.C. ) 2
175
 BP.C.  3.55 m
 BR.C.  3.55  2(0.3)  2.95 m

Check No. 2:

2.8 2.95 2.8

y  5.5    2.625 m   1.4 m  O.K
2 2 2

Page 16 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Page 17 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

3) Combined footing

:‫ ﻫﻰ ﻗﺎﻋ ة ﺗ ﻞ ﻋ دﯾ و ﺟ ﻣ ﻬﺎ ﻧ ﻋﺎن‬

1) Rectangular combined footing.

2) Trapezoidal footing.

C1 C2

Rectangular combined footing

C1 C2

Trapezoidal combined footing

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻣﻔ ﻠ‬ ‫ام ﻗﺎﻋ ﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ إﻻ إذا ﺎن اﺳ‬ ‫م اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ‬ ‫ ﻻ ﺗ‬
‫اﻟ ﻔ ﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ واﻟﻘﺎﻋ ﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟ ﻠﻔﺔ ﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔ ق اﻟ‬ ‫وذﻟ‬
.‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ ﻠ ﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ‬ ‫ام ﺷ‬ ‫اﺳ‬

: ‫ﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟ‬ ‫م اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬

Page 18 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

1) Overlapping isolated footings:

20 cm ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ أﻛ‬ y R.C.  ‫ﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋ ﺗ‬ ‫ إذا ﺣ ث ﺗ اﺧﻞ ﺑ‬

: ‫ ﺣ‬Rectangular combined footing ‫ام‬ ‫اﺳ‬

 L R.C.1 L R.C.2 
IF: y R.C.  S      0.2 m
 2 2 
 Use rectangular combined footing
t P.C.

L R.C. 2
Overlap zone L R.C. 1

C2 C1
B R.C.
B P.C.

yR.C.> 20 cm
t P.C.

S
t R.C. L R.C. t R.C.
L P.C.

:‫ﻣﻼﺣ ﺎت ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬
. ‫ ﻓﻰ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﺎﻟﺔ ﯾ ﻋ ﻞ رﻓ ﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟﻌﺎد ﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗ ﺎﻫ‬
‫ ﺣ ﻰ ﻻ ﻧ ﺎج ﻟ ﺎدة ﺳ‬0.50 m ‫ ﻔ ﻞ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ رﻓ ﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ ﻋ‬
.Punching ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ ﻟ ﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟـ‬
‫ ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗ ﺎﻩ‬B.M. ‫ﺔ اﻟـ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ BR.C. ‫ إذا ﺎن ﻋ ض اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ‬
‫ وﺗﻘﻠ ﻞ‬LR.C. ‫ل اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ‬ ‫ة ﺟ اً وﻓﻰ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﺎﻟﺔ ﻔ ﻞ ز ﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‬
.‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ ﺿﻬﺎ وذﻟ ﻟ ﻘﻠ ﻞ ﺳ‬

Page 19 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

2) Near property line:

Property line ‫اﻟـ‬ ‫اﻷﻋ ة ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ ﻷﺣ‬ ‫ إذا ﺧ ﺟ‬

‫ﻋ د اﻟ ﺎر ﻣﻊ أﻗ ب ﻋ د داﺧﻠﻰ‬ ‫ر‬ 20 cm ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ أﻛ‬ y R.C.  ‫ﻣ ﺎﻓﺔ‬
: ‫ ﺣ‬Strap beam ‫ام‬ ‫ أو ﺎﺳ‬Combined footing ‫ام‬ ‫إﻣﺎ ﺎﺳ‬

L R.C.

L R.C.1
y R.C.  D
Property line

yR.C.

:‫ﻣﻼﺣ ﺎت ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬

: ‫اﻟ ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ اﻟ‬ ‫ ﺎ‬Combined footing ‫( ﯾ ﺗ ﯾ أ ﻌﺎد اﻟـ‬١

1) Allowable contact stress:

.qall ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة واﻟ ﺔ ﻋ اﻟـ‬ ‫ ﺑ‬qact ‫اﻟـ‬ ‫أﻻ ﺗ‬ -

Pcol
A
q all

Page 20 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

2) Uniform contact stress distribution:

‫ﻠﺔ اﻟﻌ دﯾ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘ ﺔ ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة ﻣ‬ ‫ن ﻣ‬ ‫أن‬ -

. ‫ ﻣ‬Contact stress ‫ن ﺗ زﻊ اﻟـ‬ ‫وذﻟ ﺣ ﻰ‬

P1 R P2
min. 0.5 m
x
b 1 /2

L R.C. /2 L R.C. /2

P1 R P2
x

A
S

‫ ﻋ ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر ﻻ ﯾ ﻋ ﻞ رﻓ ﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟﻌﺎد ﺔ‬Combined footing ‫ام‬ ‫( ﻋ اﺳ‬٢

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر ﺑ ﺎ ﯾ ﻋ ﻞ رﻓ ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ن ﺣ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ ﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗ ﺎﻩ اﻟ‬
.‫ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗ ﺎﻩ اﻟﻌ ﺿﻰ‬
t P.C.

L R.C. 1
Property line

C1 C2
B R.C.
B P.C.

yR.C.> 20 cm
t P.C.

D S
L P.C. = L R.C.

Page 21 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

‫ﻣ اﻟ ﻞ اﻟ ﺛ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌ د اﻟ اﺧﻠﻰ ﻗ‬ ‫( إذا ﺎن اﻟ ﻞ اﻟ ﺛ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋ د اﻟ ﺎر أﻛ‬٣

‫ وﻓﻰ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﺎﻟﺔ‬Rectangular combined footing ‫ام‬ ‫ﻠﺢ اﺳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫اﻟ ﺎص ﺎﻟـ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻊﺗ ﻘ‬ ‫ ﺣ ﻰ ﻧ‬Trapezoidal combined footing ‫ام‬ ‫اﺳ‬
.Uniform contact stress distribution
t P.C.

t P.C.
C1 C2
BR.C. 1

BR.C. 2
BP.C. 1

BP.C. 2
a2
a1

b1 c.g. b2
Property line

t P.C.
t P.C.

D S
L P.C. = L R.C.

‫ ﻫﻰ إﻣ ﺎﻧ ﺔ‬Trapezoidal combined footing ‫اﻟـ‬ ‫( اﻟﻔ ة اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺗ‬٤

B1 ‫زﺎدة ﻋ ض اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ ﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة ﻧﺎﺣ ﺔ ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر ﻋ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻞ ﻣ‬
‫ﻠﺔ ﺣ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘ ﺔ ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ﺣ ﻰ ﯾ‬B2 ‫ﻋ اﻟﻌ ض اﻟ اﺧﻠﻰ‬
.Uniform contact stress distribution ‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻊﺗ ﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ دﯾ ﺣ ﻰ ﻧ‬

Page 22 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Dimensions of rectangular combined footing:

Case 1: For overlapping footings:

P1 P2

Df
R.C. footing t R.C.

P.C. footing t P.C.

t P.C. L R.C. t P.C.
L P.C.

t P.C.
C1 C2

BR.C.
BP.C.
a2
a1

b1 b2

t P.C.

t P.C. L R.C. t P.C.

L P.C.

Data required for design:

- Column loads and dimensions

- Allowable bearing capacity C 1 (a 1 x b 1 ) C 2 (a 2 x b 2 )

- Spacing between columns

- Columns dimensions S

- tP.C.

- fcu and fy

Page 23 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Steps for design:

:‫ﺎ ﯾﻠﻰ‬ Combined footing ‫ ﯾ ﺣ ﺎب أ ﻌﺎد اﻟـ‬

1) Uniform contact stress distribution condition:

P1 R P2
x

A
S

R  P1  P2
 M A(forces)   M A(Resultant)  A is at the smaller column 
P2  S  R  x  x S
 b 
L R.C.  2  x  1  0.5 m   S (‫ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﺎدة‬٥ ‫)ﺗﻘ ب ﻷﻗ ب‬
 2 
 L P.C. = L R.C.  2 t P.C.

2) Allowable contact stress condition:

For tP.C. < 20 cm:

Pcol
A R.C.   BR.C.  L R.C.  BR.C.  S (‫ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﺎدة‬٥ ‫)ﺗﻘ ب ﻷﻗ ب‬
q all
BP.C.  BR.C.  2 t P.C.

For tP.C. .≥ 20 cm:

Pcol
A P.C.   BP.C.  L P.C.  BP.C.  S (‫ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﺎدة‬٥ ‫)ﺗﻘ ب ﻷﻗ ب‬
q all
BR.C.  BP.C.  2 t P.C.

Page 24 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Example 3:
For the two columns shown in the given plan, the load of column C1
is 1600 KN, the load of column C2 is 2500 KN. It is required to:

a) Select a suitable foundation system to support these two

columns if the thickness of P.C. is 30 cm and qall = 175 KN/m2.
(fcu = 25 N/mm2, fy = 360 N/mm2)
b) Draw a plan for the footing with scale 1:50, showing on them
the reinforcement details.

C1 (30x80) C2 (60x60)

2.5m

Answer:

1) Try isolated footings

Dimensions of F1:

Pcol 1600
A P.C.    9.14 m 2  BP.C.  L P.C.
q 175
all

LP.C.  BP.C.  0.9  0.4  0.5 m

 BP.C. (BP.C.  0.5)  9.14 m 2
 BP.C.  2.78 m
Use BP.C.  2.8 m
 L P.C.  2.8  0.5  3.3 m
BR.C.  2.8  2  0.3  2.2 m
LR.C.  3.3  2  0.3  2.7 m

Page 25 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Dimensions of F2:

Pcol 2500
A P.C.    14.28 m 2  BP.C.
2

q 175
all

 BP.C.  3.78 m Use BP.C.  3.8 m

BR.C.  3.8  2  0.3  3.2 m

Check overlap:
2.7 3.2
y P.C.  2.5    0.45 m <  0.2
2 2
 Isolated footing can't be used

1) Dimensions of footing: 4100 kN

1600 kN 2500 kN
x
R  1600  2500  4100 kN
A
4100(x)  2500  2.5 2.5 m
 x  1.52 m
L P.C.  2  1.52  0.4  0.5  0.3  5.44 m
Use L P.C.  5.45 m
L R.C.  5.45  2  0.3  4.85 m
4100
A P.C.   23.43 m 2  BP.C.  5.45
175
 BP.C.  4.3 m
 BR.C.  4.3  2  0.3  3.7 m

Page 26 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Page 27 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Case 2: For combined footing near property line:

P1 P2
Property Line

Df
R.C. footing t R.C.

P.C. footing t P.C.

D S

t P.C.
C2
Property Line

C1

BR.C.
BP.C.
a2
a1

b1 b2
t P.C.

L P.C. = L R.C.

Data required for design:

- Column loads and dimensions

- Allowable bearing capacity C 1 (a 1 x b 1 ) C 2 (a 2 x b 2 )

- Spacing between columns (S)

- Property line distance (D) D S

- Columns dimensions

- tP.C.

- fcu and fy

Page 28 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Steps for design:

1) Uniform contact stress distribution condition:

P1 R P2
x

A
S

R  P1  P2
 M A(forces)   M A(Resultant)  A is at the exterior column 
P2  S  R  x  x S
L P.C. = L R.C.  2  x  D   S (‫ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﺎدة‬٥ ‫)ﺗﻘ ب ﻷﻗ ب‬

Check (only for P1 > P2):

b2
If L R.C. < LR.C.min  S  D   Use Trapezoidal footing
2
2) Allowable contact stress condition:

For tP.C. < 20 cm:

Pcol
A R.C.   BR.C.  L R.C.  BR.C.  S (‫ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﺎدة‬٥ ‫)ﺗﻘ ب ﻷﻗ ب‬
q all
BP.C.  BR.C.  2 t P.C.

For tP.C. .≥ 20 cm:

Pcol
A P.C.   BP.C.  L P.C.  BP.C.  S (‫ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﺎدة‬٥ ‫)ﺗﻘ ب ﻷﻗ ب‬
q all
BR.C.  BP.C.  2 t P.C.

Page 29 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Example 4:

For the two columns shown in the given plan, the outer column load is
1500KN, the inner column load is 1200KN.

a) Select a suitable foundation system to support these two columns, if

the thickness of P.C. is 40 cm, and qall = 150 KN/m2. (No. further
calculations are required)

b) Draw a plan for the footing system with scale 1:50.

C 2 (40x70)
Property line

C1 (40x70)

1.0m 3.5m

Answer:

1) Try isolated footing for C1:

Pcol 1500
A P.C. =   10 m 2  BP.C.  L P.C.
q 150
all

L P.C.  BP.C.  0.7  0.4  0.3 m

 BP.C. (BP.C.  0.3)  10 m 2  BP.C.  3.01 m
 Use BP.C.  3.05 m & L P.C.  3.35 m

Check No. 1:

BP.C. 3.05
  1.525 m > 1.0 m
2 2
Isolated footing can't be used

Page 30 of 39
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

2) Try strap beam footing system:

Assume e =  0.1  0.2  S

1500 kN 1200 kN
 e  0.35  0.7 m
A
try e = 0.5 m
1500  3.5  R 1  3 0.5 3.0
1750 kN 950 kN
 R 1  1750 kN
R 2  1500  1200  1750  950 kN

Dimensions of F1:

L P.C.  L R.C.  2(1  0.5)  3 m

1750
A P.C.   11.67 m 2  BP.C.  L P.C.
150
 BP.C.  3.89 m
use BP.C.  3.9 m
 BR.C.  3.9  2(0.4)  3.1 m

Check No. 1:

BR.C. 3.1
  1.03 < 1.5 O.K.
L R.C. 3

Dimensions of F2:

950
A P.C.   6.33 m 2  (BP.C. ) 2
150
 BP.C.  2.52 m
use BP.C.  2.55 m
 BR.C.  2.55  2(0.4)  1.75 m

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Check No. 2:

3 1.75 1.75
y  3.5  0.5 
  0.625 m   0.875 m not O.K.
2 2 2
 Strap beam is not suitable.

3) Try rectangular combined footing:

R  P1  P2  1500  1200  2700 kN 2700 kN

2700  x   1200  3.5 1500 kN 1200 kN
x
 x  1.56 m
L P.C.  L R.C.  2  x  D  A
3.5m
 L P.C.  L R.C.  2 1.56  1  5.12 m
Try L P.C.  L R.C.  5.15 m

Check:

a2 0.4
L R.C.min  D  S   1  3.5   4.7 m  L R.C.  5.15 m O.K.
2 2
R
A P.C.   BP.C.  L P.C.
q all
2700
 A P.C.   18 m 2  BP.C.  5.15
150
 BP.C.  3.5 m
 BR.C.  BP.C.  2t P.C.  3.5  2  0.4  2.7 m

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

4) Trapezoidal Combined Footing

: ‫اﻟ ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ إذا ﺗ ﻘ اﻟ‬Trapezoidal Combined Footing ‫م اﻟـ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬

.‫ﻣ ﺣ ﻞ اﻟﻌ د اﻟ اﺧﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺣ اﻟ ﺎر ﺣ ﻠ أﻛ‬ ‫( وﺟ د ﻋ د ﻗ‬١

‫ل اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة‬ ‫ ﻷن‬Rectangular Combined Footing ‫ام‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫( ﻻ‬٢
.‫ﻘﻊ اﻟﻌ د اﻟ اﺧﻠﻰ داﺧﻞ ﺣ ود اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة‬ ‫ﺎﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻏ‬

LR.C = L P.C P1 > P2

b1 b2
C1 C2
a1

a2
c.g.
Property line

D xR

D S
L min = D + S + b 2 /2

:‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ ة اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻟ‬

‫ن ﺗ زﻊ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة ﺣ ﻰ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ ﻞ اﻟﻌ دﯾ ﻫ ﻧﻔ‬ ‫ن ﻧﻘ ﺔ ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫أن‬ 

:‫ﻋﻠ ﺎً ﺄن‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎدات أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ة ﻣ‬
For trapezoidal area:

 B  B2  X c.g .
A  L 1 
 2 
B2
B1

c.g .
L  B  2B2 
X c.g.    1 
3  B1  B2 
L

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Steps for design of combined footing (for P1>P2 only):

1) Try rectangular combined footing:

b2
L R.C.min  D  S  x c.g.
2 xR
R  P1  P2 R
P1 P2
R  X R  P2  S  X R = e
X c.g.  D  X R A
D S
L R.C.req  2X c.g.  2  D  X R 
If L R.C.req.  L R.C.min  Use rectangular combined footing.
If L R.C.req.  L R.C.min  Use trapezodal combined footing.

2) Dimensions of trapezoidal footing:

t P.C.

t P.C.

b1 C1 C2 b2
BR.C. 1

BR.C. 2
BP.C. 1

BP.C. 2
a1

a2

c.g.
Property line

XR
X c.g. = D+ XR
t P.C.
t P.C.

D S
L P.C. = L R.C.

b2
Use L P.C.  L R.C.  D  S 
2
And X c.g.  X R  D

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

For tP.C.< 20 cm:

R  BR.C.1  BR.C.2 
A R.C. =  L R.C.    (1)
q all  2 
L R.C.  BR.C.1  2BR.C.2 
X c.g.    (2)
3  BR.C.1  BR.C.2 
Solving eq. 1 and eq. 2
 BR.C.1  & BR.C.2  
BP.C.1  BR.C.1  2t P.C.
BP.C.2  BR.C.2  2t P.C.

For tP.C.≥ 20 cm:

R  BP.C.1  BP.C.2 
A P.C. =  L P.C.    (1)
q all  2 
L P.C.  BP.C.1  2BP.C.2 
X c.g.    (2)
3  BP.C.1  BP.C.2 
Solving eq. 1 and eq. 2
 BP.C.1  & BP.C.2  
BR.C.1  BP.C.1  2t P.C.
BR.C.2  BP.C.2  2t P.C.

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Example 5:

For the two columns shown in the given plan, the outer column load is
1800KN, the inner column load is 1200KN.

- It is required to:
a) Estimate the horizontal dimensions for the required trapezoidal
combined footing, if tP.C.= 40 cm, and qall = 150 KN/m2.

b) Draw a plan for the footing with scale 1:50.

Property line

C1 (40x70) C 2 (30x60)

0.5m 4.0m

Answer:

1) Try rectangular combined footing

0.6
L min  0.5  4   4.8 m 3000 kN
2 1800 kN 1200 kN
R  1800  1200  3000 kN xR
 3000  X R   1200  4
 X R  1.6 m A
0.5 4.0
X T  1.6  0.5  2.1 m
Check:
L req.  2  2.1  4.2 m > 4.8 m  Use trapezoidal footing

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

2) Dimensions of trapezoidal combined footing

Use L P.C.  L R.C.  4.8 m

 BP.C.1  BP.C.2  3000
A P.C.  4.8     20 m 2
 2  150
 BP.C.1  BP.C.2  8.33 m (1)
4.8  8.33  BP.C.2 
 2.1    (2)
3  8.33 
 BP.C.2  2.6 m
 BP.C.1  8.33  2.6  5.73 m
use BP.C.1  5.75 m & BP.C.2  2.60 m
BR.C.1  5.75  2  0.4  4.95 m
BR.C.2  2.6  2  0.4  1.8 m

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (3): SPREAD FOOTINGS FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Page 39 of 39