Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MD - Activity 4 - DAHUYLA
MD - Activity 4 - DAHUYLA
Activity 4
[Mine Design]
NON-METALLIC RESOURCES
A. FERTILIZER MINERALS
1. Guano
2. Phosphate Rock
3. Limestone
4. Dolomite
5. Magnesite
6. Peat
7. Pyrite and Sulfur
4. Historical and
Cultural Artifacts:
Petrified wood
artifacts have
historical and cultural
significance in some
regions. They may be
used in museums,
exhibitions, and
cultural displays to
showcase the natural
history and cultural
heritage of an area.
5. Functional
Applications: In some
cases, petrified wood
is utilized for
functional purposes
such as inlays,
handles, and furniture
components. Its
hardness and
durability make it
suitable for these
applications.
Overall, petrified
wood is prized for its
beauty, durability,
and unique
characteristics,
making it sought after
for a variety of uses
ranging from
decorative to
scientific and
historical.
2. Jasper – Jasper, an aggregate of Jasper is primarily sourced from Jasper is not produced or Jasper, a form of
microgranular quartz and/or sedimentary rocks and hydrothermal manufactured by any opaque chalcedony,
cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other veins, where silica-rich fluids specific entity; rather, it is a has several uses:
mineral phases, is an opaque, impure permeate porous materials such as naturally occurring mineral
variety of silica, usually red, yellow, limestone or sandstone. These fluids composed primarily of 1. Ornamental and
brown or green in color; and rarely blue. deposit silica in the form of quartz, silicon dioxide. Jasper is Decorative: Jasper is
The common red color is due to iron(III) which undergoes various mineral found in various locations highly valued as a
inclusions. transformations to produce the around the world, including gemstone and is
vibrant colors and patterns the United States (such as often used in jewelry
characteristic of jasper. Additionally, Oregon, Idaho, and making for beads,
jasper can form as a replacement California), Brazil, cabochons, pendants,
mineral in organic materials such as Madagascar, Australia, and other ornamental
wood or bone. Russia, and South Africa. pieces. Its rich colors
These countries are major and unique patterns
sources of jasper due to make it popular for
their abundant deposits and both traditional and
geological formations contemporary jewelry
conducive to its formation. designs.
2. Lapidary Art: Jasper
is used by lapidaries
and artisans for
carving, sculpting,
and engraving to
create decorative
objects such as
figurines, vases, and
decorative tiles. Its
hardness and fine-
grained texture make
it suitable for intricate
carving work.
3. Metaphysical and
Healing Properties: In
some spiritual and
holistic practices,
jasper is believed to
have metaphysical
properties that
promote grounding,
stability, and
protection. It is used
as a healing stone to
bring balance and
harmony to the body,
mind, and spirit.
4. Architectural and
Interior Design:
Jasper is occasionally
used in architectural
and interior design
projects as a
decorative stone for
countertops,
tabletops, flooring,
and wall cladding. Its
natural beauty adds
warmth and elegance
to both residential
and commercial
spaces.
5. Historical and
Cultural Artifacts:
Throughout history,
jasper has been
prized by various
cultures for its beauty
and symbolism. It has
been used to create
ceremonial objects,
amulets, and religious
artifacts, contributing
to the cultural
heritage of different
civilizations.
Overall, jasper is
appreciated for its
aesthetic appeal,
versatility, and
perceived
metaphysical
properties, making it
a cherished material
in jewelry making,
artistic expression,
and spiritual
practices.
3. Obsidian- Obsidian is an extrusive rock The main source of obsidian is Obsidian, a naturally In ancient times,
that erupted out of a volcano. Most volcanic activity. Obsidian forms occurring volcanic glass, is obsidian was used for
volcanic rocks are rough and jagged when molten lava cools rapidly with found in various regions cutting tools and
because they contain gas bubbles. But minimal crystal growth. It is typically around the world. However, weapons, like blades
obsidian is smooth because it contains found near volcanoes or in areas with some regions are and arrowheads.
mostly of glass. recent volcanic activity where lava particularly notable for their Well-crafted obsidian
has flowed and solidified. Regions significant deposits of blades can be as
with abundant obsidian deposits obsidian. The major sharp as surgical steel
include areas along the edges of producers of obsidian scalpels. Today,
tectonic plates, such as the western include: obsidian is used as a
United States (e.g., Yellowstone gem or ornamental
National Park), parts of South 1. United States: Obsidian is stone.
America, Europe (e.g., Iceland), and abundant in the western
parts of Asia (e.g., Japan). United States, particularly in
regions with a history of
volcanic activity such as the
Pacific Northwest,
California, and parts of the
Rocky Mountains. States
like Oregon, California, and
Nevada are known for their
extensive obsidian deposits.
2. Mexico: Mexico has
significant obsidian
deposits, with notable
sources including the states
of Jalisco, Michoacán, and
Puebla. Obsidian has been
utilized by indigenous
cultures in Mexico for
thousands of years for
tools, weapons, and
ceremonial objects.
3. Italy: Italy is renowned
for its high-quality obsidian,
particularly from the
volcanic regions of Lipari
and Pantelleria. Obsidian
from these areas has been
used historically for
ornamental objects, tools,
and weapons.
4. Turkey: Turkey is another
significant producer of
obsidian, with deposits
found in regions such as
Cappadocia and eastern
Anatolia. Turkish obsidian
has been used for millennia
for tools, weapons, and
decorative items.
5. Armenia: Armenia has a
long history of obsidian use,
with deposits found in
various parts of the country.
Obsidian artifacts dating
back thousands of years
have been discovered in
archaeological sites
throughout Armenia.