Summary statistics GMP-10 91

Chapter 10 — Summary statistics

Are you ready? e 356 + 457 + 182 + 316 + 432 + 611 + 299 + 355 = 3008
1+ 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 22 3008
1 a = Mean =
5 5 8
= 4.4 = 376
1.5 + 1.2 + 1.3 + 1.5 + 1.8 + 1.1 + 1.2 + 1.7 11.3 2 45 + 90 + 67 + 86 + 75 = 363
b = 363
8 8 Mean =
= 1.4125 5
180 + 45 + 92 + 84 + 96 + 2 + 104 + 32 + 8 + 111 754 = 72.6%
c = 3 132.9 + 129.9 + 125.5 + 125.9 + 121.9 + 119.9 + 128.9
10 10
+ 120.9 = 1005.8
= 75.4
2 1005.8
Mean =
8
= 125.7c/L
4 1.65 + 1.81 + 1.75 + 1.78 + 1.88 + 1.92 + 1.86 = 12.65
3 a 12.65
Mean =
Score Frequency 7
= 1.81 m
12 2 5 45.19 + 45.06 + 45.35 + 44.78 + 45.47 + 44.68 + 44.95
13 3 + 45.32 + 44.6 + 44.95 = 450.35
14 3 450.35
Mean =
10
15 3
= 45.035
16 2 Yes, the batch will be passed as satisfactory.
17 1 6 a
18 4 Score Frequency f ×x
19 2 4 2 8
b 5 4 20
Class Frequency 6 5 30
0–9 1
7 9 63
10–19 4
8 3 24
20–29 6
9 5 45
30–39 5
10 2 20
40–49 4
∑ f = 30 ∑ f × x = 210
4 Key: 2 | 1 = 21
Stem Leaf 210
b x=
2 00004457899 30
3 111269 =7
4 0111146666889 7 a
No. of televisions sold No. of weeks f ×x
Exercise 10A — Calculating the mean
16 4 64
1 a 4 + 8 + 3 + 5 + 5 = 25
25 17 4 68
Mean =
5 18 3 54
=5 19 6 114
b 16 + 24 + 30 + 35 + 23 + 11 + 45 + 28 = 212
20 7 140
212
Mean = 21 12 252
8
= 26.5 22 8 176
c 65 + 92 + 56 + 84 = 297 23 2 46
297
Mean = 24 4 96
4
= 74.25 25 2 50
d 9.2 + 9.7 + 8.8 + 8.1 + 5.6 + 7.5 + 8.5 + 6.4 + 7.0 + 6.4 ∑ f = 52 ∑ f × x = 1060
= 77.2
77.2 1060
Mean = b x=
10 52
= 7.72 = 20.4
GMP-10 92 Summary statistics

8 a 13 a
Score (x) Frequency ( f ) f ×x Class Class centre (x) Frequency ( f ) f ×x
0 4 0 31–40 35.5 1 35.5
1 9 9
41–50 45.5 3 136.5
2 18 36
51–60 55.5 4 222.0
3 10 30
61–70 65.5 7 458.5
4 5 20
5 4 20 71–80 75.5 11 830.5

∑ f = 50 ∑ f × x = 115 81–90 85.5 2 171.0

115 91–100 95.5 2 191.0

b x=
50 ∑ f = 30 ∑ f × x = 2045
= 2.3
9 a 2045
b Mean =
30
Score (x) Frequency ( f ) f ×x
= 68.17
8 2 16 14 a
10 7 70 Time Class centre No. of swimmers f ×x
12 11 132
50.01–51.00 50.5 4 202.0
14 6 84
51.01–52.00 51.5 12 618.0
16 2 32
52.01–53.00 52.5 23 1207.5
18 2 36
53.01–54.00 53.5 38 2033.0
∑ f = 30 ∑ f × x = 370
54.01–55.00 54.5 15 817.5
370
b x= 55.01–56.00 55.5 3 166.5
30
1 ∑ f = 95 ∑ f × x = 5044.5
= 12
3
5044.5
total mass b Mean =
10 Mean = 95
number of players
= 53.1
total mass 15 a
104 =
8 Class centre Frequency
Total mass = 104 × 8 Scores (x) (f) f ×x
= 832 kg 9.5 20 190
0−19
Answer is D.
total wage 20−39 29.5 12 354
11 Mean =
number of employees 40−59 49.5 8 396
total wage
580 = 60−79 69.5 5 347.5
5
Total wage = 580 × 5 80−99 89.5 1 89.5
= $2900 100−119 109.5 3 328.5
Add 6th wage of $700
Total wage = 2900 + 700 120−139 129.5 0 0
= $3600 149.5 1 149.5
140−159
3600
Mean wage = ∑ f = 50 ∑ f × x = 1855
6
= $600 1855
Answer is B. b Batting average =
50
total height
12 Mean = = 37.1
number of players
16 a x = 14.1
total height b x = 3.4
1.82 =
5 c x = 44.4
Total height = 1.82 × 5 17 a ∑ f = 134
= 9.1 m ∑ xf = 887
Replace a height = 9.1 − 1.78 + 1.88
887
= 9.2 x=
9.2 134
Mean = = 6.6
5
b ∑ f = 100
= 1.84 m
Answer is C. ∑ xf = 3067
 Summary statistics GMP-10 93
3067 21 + 23 + 24 + 19 + 59 + 23 + 22 + 16 + 18 + 25
x= 23 a Mean =
100 10
= 30.67 250
=
18 ∑ f = 93 10
∑ xf = 15 461 = 25
15461 b Outlier = 59
x= 250 − 59
93 c New mean =
= 166.25 9
19 a = 21.2
d The inclusion of a high outlier greatly increases the
Time (s) 12−13 13−14 14−15 15−16 16−17
mean.
Class centre (x) 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5 24 Old total = 63 × 8
= 504
Number ( f ) 13 17 25 15 10 New total = 60 × 9
b ∑ f = 80 = 540
∑ xf = 1152 Difference in totals is 36 (the 9th score).
25 Old total = 14 × 6
1152
x= = 84
80 New total = 15.5 × 7
= 14.4 = 108.5
20 a Difference = 108.5 − 84
Class Class centre Frequency = 24.5
She needs a score of 24.5 to lift her mean.
1–10 5.5 12
26 a If a score that is greater than the mean is added, the mean
11–20 15.5 6 will increase.
b If a score that is less than the mean is added, the mean
21–30 25.5 5
will decrease.
31–40 35.5 7
Exercise 10B — Standard deviation
41–50 45.5 9 1 a σn = 2.29
51–60 55.5 9 b σn = 2.19
c σn = 20.17
61–70 65.5 5
d σn = 3.07
71–80 75.5 5 e σn = 42.44
2 a σn−1 = 26.94
81–90 85.5 5
b σn−1 = 2.14
91–100 95.5 7 c σn−1 = 57.51
b ∑ f = 70 d σn−1 = 0.26
e σn−1 = 96.04
∑ xf = 3245 3 a Sample
3245 b Population
x=
70 c Population
= 46.4 d Sample
e Population
Further development 4 a x = 616.6
total scores b Sample
21 a Mean =
number of scores c σn−1 = 270.97
total scores 5 a x = 1.44 (million)
12.6 = b Population
5
Total scores = 12.6 × 5 c σn = 0.48 (million)
= 63 6 a x = 4.9
b 63 + 19.2 = 82.2 σn = 1.0
82.2 b x = 48.2
c Mean = σn = 1.2
6
= 13.7 c x = 78.3
total scores σn = 2.3
22 Mean = 7 a
number of scores
Class Class centre Frequency
total scores
58 = 10−12 11 12
9
Total scores = 58 × 9 13−15 14 16
= 522 16−18 17 25
New total scores = 522 + 19 19−21 20 28
= 541 22−24 23 13
541
New mean = x = 17.45
10
= 54.1 σn = 3.69
GMP-10 94 Summary statistics

b b No, there appears to be a greater spread in group B.

Class Class centre Frequency c There would be a greater standard deviation in group B.
d Group A: standard deviation = 5.35
31−40 35.5 15 Group B: standard deviation = 32.5
41−50 45.5 28 15 a Mean = x = 5
b σx = 1.9
51−60 55.5 36 c Difference = 9 − 5 = 4
61−70 65.5 19 d σx (with 9) = 2.2
16 a x = 36
71−80 75.5 8
σx = 20.43
81−90 85.5 7 b
95.5 2 Standard dev. Stand. dev.
91−100
Extra Difference after score increase or
x = 56.02 score from mean added decrease
σn = 14.26 8 36 − 8 = 28 21.17 Increase
c
30 36 − 30 = 6 19.35 Decrease
Class Class centre Frequency
90 90 − 36 = 54 25.67 Increase
0−4 2 15
50 50 − 36 = 14 19.75 Decrease
5−9 7 24
12 31 17 x = 48
10−14
σx = 23
15−19 17 33 Difference = 55 − 48
=7
20−24 22 29
a The mean will increase as the added score is greater than
25−29 27 17 the mean.
b The standard deviation will decrease as the difference
x = 14.95 between the mean and the score is less than the standard
σn = 7.49 deviation.
8 a Brianna: x = 75 18 x = 36
σn = 3.69 σx = 8
Katie: x = 74 Difference = 36 − 12
σn = 18.28 = 24
b Brianna is more consistent because she has a lower Mean will decrease.
standard deviation (i.e. her marks are not as spread out as Standard deviation will increase.
Katie’s). Answer is B.
9 σn−1 (sample standard deviation) = 9.44 19 The standard deviation will increase if the difference
Answer is B. between the mean and the score is greater than the original
10 English: σn = 13.55 standard deviation and will decrease if this difference is less
than the standard deviation.
Maths: σn = 23.16
Biology: σn = 7.23 Exercise 10C — Median and mode
Geography: σn = 7.40 1 Sort data in ascending order:
Biology is the most consistent as it has the lowest standard 5, 5, 5, 6, 8, 8, 9
deviation. Median = 6
Answer is C. 2 Sort data in ascending order:
11 x = $1825 75, 76, 80, 81, 81, 82, 83, 84
σn−1 = 797 Median = 81
12 a Range = 700 − 200 3 a Sort data in ascending order:
= 500 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 9
b x = 455.3 Median = 5
σn−1 = 88.9 b Sort data in ascending order:
13 Crunch: x = 25 g 5.2, 5.3, 5.3, 5.4, 5.4, 5.4, 5.6, 5.8
σn−1 = 5 Median = 5.4
Crinkle: x = 25 g c Sort data in ascending order:
σn−1 = 2 39, 45, 62, 75, 88
Crinkle, because the standard deviation in the weight of Median = 62
each pack is lower and therefore you are more likely to get d Sort data in ascending order:
the correct amount. 99, 101, 101, 102, 102, 102, 103, 105, 106, 108
Median = 102
Further development 4 a Sort data in ascending order:
14 a Group A: mean = (160 + 170 + 170 + 170 + 170 + 170 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 25
+ 180) ÷ 7 Median = 4
= 170 b 1 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 5 + 5 + 25 = 56
Group B: mean = (160 + 170 + 170 + 110 + 230 + 170 56
Mean =
+ 180) ÷ 7 10
= 170 = 5.6
 Summary statistics GMP-10 95
c The median is a better measure because one large score Median is 2.
makes the mean larger than what is typical. Answer is A.
5 a 11 a
Score Frequency Cumulative frequency Days sickness Frequency Cumulative frequency
17 4 4 0–4 10 10
18 9 13 5–9 12 22
19 6 19 10–14 7 29
20 12 31 15–19 6 35
21 8 39 20–24 5 40
22 5 44 25–29 3 43
23 4 48 30–34 2 45
24 2 50 b There are 45 scores, so the middle score will be the 23rd.
The median class is 10−14.
b There are 50 scores, so the two middle scores will be the
12 a Class centres are:
25th and 26th. Both of these are 20.
2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, 32
Median = 20
b
6
No. of accidents No. of days Cumulative days
2 4 4
3 12 16
4 3 19
5 1 20
c Median = 10
6 1 21 13 a Mode = 5
b Mode = 8
There are 21 scores, so the middle score is the 11th. The
number of accidents on the 11th day is 3. c Mode = 11
Median = 3 d Mode = 0.4
7 e Mode = 110
14 a Mode = 17
No. of errors Cumulative
b Modes = 148, 151
per day Frequency frequency
c No mode
0 9 9 d Mode = 72
1 18 27 e Mode = 2.6
15 a Mode = 4
2 13 40
b Mode = 8
3 6 46 c Modes are 42 and 44
4 3 49 16 Mode = 17
17 a Modal class = 17−20
5 1 50 b Modal class = 22−28
There are 50 scores, so the middle scores are the 25th and 18 a
26th. Both of these are 1 error per day. Depth Class Cumulative
Median = 1 (cm) centre Frequency frequency
8 25 scores (add 1, ÷2) 0–50 25 8 8
(25 + 1) ÷ 2 = 13
Median will be the 13th score 50–100 75 9 17
Answer is C. 100–150 125 12 29
6+7
9 Median = 150–200 175 15 44
2
= 6.5 200–250 225 6 50
Answer is C. 250–300 275 4 54
10 300–350 325 2 56
Score Frequency Cumulative frequency
350–400 375 2 58
1 12 12
b
2 13 25
3 8 33
4 7 40
5 5 45
There are 45 scores, so the middle score is the c There are 58 scores, so the middle two are the 29th and
((45 + 1) ÷ 2) = 23rd score. 30th. The median is 152.
GMP-10 96 Summary statistics

19 a
Class Class centre Frequency Cumulative frequency
$200–$249 224.5 8 8
$250–$299 274.5 4 12
$300–$349 324.5 6 18
$350–$399 374.5 6 24
$400–$449 424.5 4 28
$450–$499 474.5 2 30
$500–$549 524.5 6 36
$550–$599 574.5 4 40
b Median class = $350−$399.
c

Median = $360
Further development
20 a Median = 628
b Mode = 613, 628 and 632
c The stem and leaf plot arranges all the scores in order, making finding the centre and the most frequent score easy.
21 Order data: 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 26, 28
a Median = 24.5
b New median = 25
c The outlier only had a small effect on the median.
22 A single outlier will not change the score that occurs most often.
23 a 82 and 45
b
Class Tally Frequency
20−29 III 3
30−39 III 3
40−49 III 3
50−59 I 1
60−69 IIII 4
70−79 III 3
80−89 II 2
90−99 I 1
The modal class is 60−69.
c The modal class shows the group that has the most scores. Since 82 and 45 have only a frequency of two, the modal class is
more significant.
24 The median class is the middle class in a grouped distribution. The median is estimated using an ogive and this is more useful
than the median class.
25 If the median is found using an ogive, the individual scores are lost once they are put into a grouped distribution.
Exercise 10D — Best summary statistics
1 a 350 000 + 390 000 + 375 000 + 350 000 + 950 000 + 350 000 + 365 000 + 380 000 + 360 000 + 380 000 = $4 250 000
4 250000
Mean =
10
= $425 000
b Sort data in ascending order: 350 000, 350 000, 350 000, 360 000, 365 000, 375 000, 380 000, 380 000, 390 000, 950 000
365000 + 375000
Median =
2
740000
=
2
= $370 000
 Summary statistics GMP-10 97
c Mode = $350 000
d The median, as the mean is inflated by one large score and the mode is the lowest price.
2
Cumulative
Size (x) Frequency ( f ) xf frequency
4 5 20 5
5 7 35 12
6 19 114 31
7 24 168 55
8 16 128 71
9 8 72 79
10 7 70 86

∑ f = 86 ∑ xf = 607

∑ xf
a Mean =
∑f
607
=
86
= 7.1
b Median is the middle of 86 scores. It is between the 43rd and 44th score.
Median = 7
c Mode is the most frequent.
Mode = 7
d The mode, as it is the size that sells the most.
3
Crowd Class centre Frequency xf Cumulative frequency

10 000−20 000 15 000 95 1 425 000 95

20 000−30 000 25 000 64 1 600 000 159

30 000−40 000 35 000 22 770 000 181

40 000−50 000 45 000 15 675 000 196

50 000−60 000 55 000 3 165 000 199

60 000−70 000 65 000 0 0 199

70 000−80 000 75 000 1 75 000 200

∑ f = 200 ∑ xf = 4 710 000

∑ xf 4710000
a Mean = = = 23 550
∑f 200
b Median class is the middle of 200 scores. It is between the 100th and 101st score.
Median class = 20 000−30 000
c Modal class is the most frequent.
Modal class = 10 000−20 000
d

e Median (at 100) = 21 000

f Median
4 Median as the mean would be inflated by one large value and there is no mode.
Answer is B.
GMP-10 98 Summary statistics

5 a ∑ xf
b i Mean =
Class ∑f
centre Frequency Cumulative
1055
Class (x) (f ) xf frequency =
25
0−4 2 16 32 16
= 42.2
5−9 7 6 42 22 ii Middle of 25 scores is the 13th
10−14 12 4 48 26 Median class = 16−30
iii Modal class = 16−30
15−19 17 2 34 28
c
20−24 22 1 22 29
25−29 27 1 27 30
∑ f = 30 ∑ xf = 205
∑ xf
b Mean = d Median = 27
∑f
e The mode gives the typical age of an emergency ward
205 patient.
=
30 f Various reasons could be given. Some might include:
= 6.8 The hospital might be in a zone which provides
c Middle of 30 scores is between the 15th and 16th. assistance for car accidents (younger demographic).
Median = 0−4 Only 1 patient was a child and only 9 patients were over
d Modal class = 0−4 the age of 45. The hospital may be in an area which has
6 a One example of a frequency distribution table could be: few families with young children and not many elderly
citizens.
31 + 34 + 42 + 28 + 30 + 41
Class 8 a Player A: mean =
centre Frequency Cumulative 6
Class (x) (f) xf frequency 206
=
30−39 34.5 3 103.5 3 6
44.5 8 356.0 11 = 34.3
40−49
0 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 250 + 0
50−59 54.5 5 272.5 16 Player B: mean =
6
60−69 64.5 3 193.5 19 251
=
70−79 74.5 1 74.5 20 6
∑ f = 20 ∑ xf = 1000 = 41.8
b Player B appears to be a better player as his mean is
∑ xf 1000 higher.
b Mean = = = 50
∑f 20 c Player A: median = 32.5
c Middle of 20 scores is between the 10th and 11th score. Player B: median = 0
Median class = 40−49 d Player A appears to be better based on the median result.
d Modal class = 40−49 e Player A would be more useful as he is much more
e consistent. Although it would be nice to achieve a large
score, player B cannot guarantee that he will get one.
9 a The mean = $42 100
The median = $38 000
The mode = $38 000
Using the mean is misleading because 65 out of
80 workers earn less than the mean, and another 10 earn
only slightly more than the mean.
b The median and mode would be useful in the submission
as they are not distorted by the larger salaries.

Further development
f Median = 49
7 a sum of ages
10 a Mean = = 44.05
Class number of patients
centre Frequency Cumulative b Median = 27.5
Class (x) (f ) xf frequency c Mode = 24 and 75
d No measure gives a typical score. Patients come to
1−15 8 1 8 1
hospital at all different ages and for different reasons, so
16−30 23 13 299 14 there is no typical age.
11 a The most common salary is $38 000.
31−45 38 2 76 16
b The mean salary is $49 444.
46−60 53 0 0 16 c The median salary is $46 000.
d i The mode is the lowest measure and the amount more
61−75 68 5 340 21
people get than any other amount makes the case for
76−90 83 4 332 25 a pay rise strongest.
ii The mean is the highest measure and makes the case
∑ f = 25 ∑ xf = 1055
for a pay rise weaker.
 Summary statistics GMP-10 99
12 a Mean = 139.55 ∑ f ×x
Mean =
Median = 139.5 ∑f
Mode = 141
562
b The mode is the best measure as it is the only one over 140. =
c No. The mean is below 140 and half the boxes have less 80
than 140 as well. = 7.025
13 a The median was calculated by taking the average of the b
two middle scores. Score (x) Frequency ( f ) f ×x
b Half the data lies below the median. There are 9.2 36 331.2
24 students in the class so 12 scored below 54.
14 a An outlier makes the mean larger, especially in a small 9.3 48 446.4
data set. 9.4 74 695.6
b The median is the best central measure if there is an outlier. 9.5 65 617.5
c Answers will vary. An example would be the most
frequently sold clothing size. 9.6 51 489.6
15 a A single outlier can change the range greatly. 9.7 32 310.4
b It has only a small effect on the interquartile range and 9.8 14 137.2
standard deviation.
9.9 2 19.8
Chapter review ∑ f = 322 ∑ f × x = 3047.7
Multiple choice
∑ f ×x
1 Sort data in ascending order: Mean =
3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8 ∑f
Median = 4.5 3047.7
=
3+3+3+ 4+ 4+5+ 6+ 7 + 7 +8 322
Mean =
10 = 9.46
50 3
=
10 Class Class centre (x) Frequency ( f ) f ×x
=5 21−24 22.5 3 67.5
Mode = 3
Answer is A. 25−28 26.5 9 238.5
2 A Median = 14, mean = 12.14 29−32 30.5 17 518.5
B Median = 14, mean = 15.29
C Median = 15, mean = 15 33−36 34.5 31 1069.5
D Median = 16, mean = 20 37−40 38.5 29 1116.5
Answer is A.
3 Use a calculator: 41−44 42.5 25 1062.5
x = 50.625 45−48 46.5 19 883.5
σn−1 = 20.29
σn = 18.98 49−52 50.5 10 505.0
Answer is D. ∑ f = 143 ∑ f × x = 5461.5
4 Answer is B.
5 Answer is B (there could be a large value amongst the prices). ∑ f ×x
Mean =
Short answer ∑f
1 a 4 + 9 + 5 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 2 + 7 + 1 + 10 = 52 5461.5
=
52 143
Mean = = 5.2
10 = 38.2
b 65 + 67 + 87 + 45 + 90 + 92 + 50 + 23 = 519 4 a x = 31.1
519 b x = 23.2
Mean = = 64.875 c x = 0.445
8
c 7.2 + 7.9 + 7.0 + 8.1 + 7.5 + 7.5 + 8.7 = 53.9 5 a x = 29.9
53.9 b x = 26.4
Mean = = 7.7 c x = 18.6
7
d 5 + 114 + 23 + 12 + 25 = 179 6 a Using a calculator
179 x = 71.8
Mean = = 35.8 b Population
5
c σn = 17.26
2 a
7 a x = 1.95
Score (x) Frequency ( f ) f ×x b Sample
5 11 55 c σn − 1 = 0.89
6 15 90 8 a x = 0.81
7 24 168 σn = 0.42
8 21 168 b x = 67.25
9 9 81 σn = 75.3
c x = 28.06
∑ f = 80 ∑ f × x = 562
σn = 1.2
GMP-10 100 Summary statistics

d x = 27.5 Median is the middle of 60 scores, between the 30th and

σn = 7.03 31st score.
9 a Sort data in ascending order: Median = 68.5
25, 26, 26, 27, 27, 28, 30, 32, 35 11 a
Median = 27
b Sort data in ascending order: Class Class centre Frequency Cumulative frequency
4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 10
30–39 34.5 18 18
Median = 6
c Sort data in ascending order: 40–49 44.5 34 52
3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.2, 3.2, 3.2, 3.5, 3.6
Median = 3.2 50–59 54.5 39 91
d Sort data in ascending order:
2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8 60–69 64.5 45 136
5+6
Median = 70–79 74.5 29 165
2
11 80–89 84.5 10 175
=
2
90–99 94.5 5 180
= 5.5
e Sort data in ascending order:
101, 108, 111, 121, 135, 147, 154, 165 b Median is the middle of 180 scores between the 90th and
↑ 91st score.
121 + 135 Median class = 50−59
Median =
2 c
256
=
2
= 128
10 a
Score Frequency Cumulative frequency
0 2 2
1 6 8
2 11 19 d Median = 58
3 7 26 12 a Mode = 2
4 6 32 b Mode = 23, 27
5 3 35 c No mode
Median is the middle of 35 at the 18th score. 13 a Mode = 2
Median = 2 b Mode = 15, 18
b 14 Modal class = 46−49
Score Frequency Cumulative frequency 15 a 25 + 26 + 19 + 24 + 28 + 67 + 21 + 22 + 28 + 18 = 278
54 2 2 278
Mean =
55 5 7 10
56 14 21 = 27.8
b Sort data in ascending order:
57 11 32
18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 28, 67
58 6 38 24 + 25
Median =
59 1 39 2
60 1 40 49
=
Median is the middle of 40 scores between the 20th and 2
21st score. = 24.5
Median = 56 c Mode = 28
c
d The median as the mean is inflated by the one large
Score Frequency Cumulative frequency number.
66 8 8 16 a The best summary statistic is the mean when the data
67 10 18 does not contain any atypical values, e.g. testing a batch
of golf balls to check their mass.
68 12 30
b The best summary statistic is the median when the data
69 14 44 does contain a very large or small value, e.g. house
70 7 51 prices.
c The best summary statistic is the mode when the
71 5 56
importance is placed on the frequency of the value,
72 4 60 e.g. sales of shoes of different sizes.
 Summary statistics GMP-10 101
Extended response d Median class is between the 50th and 51st score
1 a Median class = $100 000−$125 000
Class Cumulative e Modal class = $100 000−$125 000
Income centre Frequency frequency f The mean as the data is not skewed.
2 Use a calculator
$50 000–$75 000 $62 500 12 12 a Text A: x = 58.6
$75 000–$100 000 $87 500 18 30 σn = 25.1
Text B: x = 62.25
$100 000–$125 000 $112 500 26 56 σn = 11.8
b Population because the whole classes’ results have been
$125 000–$150 000 $137 500 24 80
used.
$150 000–$175 000 $162 500 12 92 c Text B — smaller standard deviation and higher mean.
d Text B — smaller standard deviation.
$175 000–$200 000 $187 500 8 100 e Text B seems to be better as both the mean and standard
b x = $120 000 deviation support this. However, the composition of the
class has not been taken into account.
c σn−1 = 35 622