MODULE 4:

PHYSIOLOGICAL
BASIS OF POLYGRAPH
TESTING
PRESENTER NO.1
ANSO,
MONJER E
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Respiration can be modified by the central and the
autonomic nervous systems.

The respiratory centers in the medulla and pons contain

neurons that fire spontaneously to initiate inspiration.

In addition, respiration is modified by autonomic

reflexes arising from the lungs, heart, blood vessels, and
upper airways. -For instance, central chemoreceptors
are responsive to carbon dioxide concentrations,
peripheral chemoreceptors near the large vessels of the
heart are sensitive to oxygen concentrations in the
blood, and stretch receptors in the lungs are sensitive to
the extent of lung inflation.
POLYGRAPH PROCESS
THROUGH RESPIRATION
PRESENTER NO.2
AUREA,
BIENVENIDO NOEL D
 ir a to r y sy s tem is a
The re sp

TORY y ste m c on s is tin g o f

P IRA biological s
RES STEM ga n s an d s tr u c tur es
specific or
als
SY g as e x cha n ge in a n im
used for
and plants.

tion easily b rought

Respira
under voluntary control
o ns in re sp ir ati o n can
Variati
u ce c ha n ge s in h ea r t rate
prod
d e le ctro d er m a l a cti v ity
an
e, re s pira tio n n ee ds to
Therefor
nit o re d to d ete rm ine
be mo
e r re s p o ns es to r e le vant
wheth
co n tr o l q u e sti o n s are
and
artifacts.
EXAMPLE
A sharp sniff can reliably produce an electrodermal
response. If an examinee were to sniff sharply
following control but not relevant questions, it might
appear that the individual’s responses to the relevant
questions were relatively small and, therefore,
reflected general stress, arousal, or anxiety rather
than deception. In polygraph testing, the rate and
depth of respiration are measured by strain gauges
positioned around the chest and abdomen because
breathing can produce fluctuations in the girth of
either or both. The strain gauge provides a measure of
relative amplitude; if the strain gauge moves during
the session, amplitudes recorded prior to this
movement could not be compared to those recorded
following the movement.
PRESENTER NO.3
LAVILLA,
LEIN M
 ELECTRODERMAL ACTIVITY

History:
Dubois-Reymond - 1849 (Germany)
Hermann and Luchsinger - 1878
(Switzerland)
Vigouroux - 1879 (France)
Charles Samson Féré - 1888
Ivane Tarkhnishvili - 1889 (Russia)
150+ More article Published - (1972)
ELECTRODERMAL ACTIVITY
Electrodermal activity (EDA) is a measure of
neurally mediated effects on sweat gland
permeability, observed as changes in the
resistance of the skin to a small electrical
current, or as differences in the electrical
potential between different parts of the skin.

Electrodermal activity (EDA) reflects the

output of integrated attentional and affective
and motivational processes within the central
nervous system acting on the body.
 FUNCTION
To measures the changes in
conductivity produced in the skin
due to increases in the activity of
sweat glands. EDA is a valuable
tool in behavioral medicine as a
biomarker of individual (state and
trait) characteristics of emotional
responsiveness.
PRESENTER NO.4
NABO,
FERNANDO JOSE E
HOW ELECTRODERMAL ACTIVITY WORKS
Electrodermal activity is one of the peripheral measures most frequently used in
psychophysiological assessment, with its biological basis being the activity of the
eccrine sweat glands. Sweat glands are distributed along the surface of the body with a
greater density in the inner parts of the hands and feet.

The activities of the glands are controlled by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic
nervous system, and when the glands are activated, there is a hydration of the skin
accompanied by an electrical signal.

The electrical signal can be detected on the surface (called skin potential), and there is
an increase in conductivity to the passage of an external current (called skin
conductance). This activity responds to thermal and psychological stimuli.

The psychological significance of the electrodermal activity is predominant when the

temperature is below 25 degrees Celsius. The recording of electrodermal activity can
be done using two general procedures.
 o g e n o u s p r o c e d u r e
First, the end
ele c tr ic a l p o te n ti a l
records the
s k in w it h o u t p a s s in g
produced in the e
r e n t. S e c o n d , th
any external cur
c e d u r e r ec o r d s the
exogenous pr o
ti v it y to th e p a s s a g e of
change in conduc e
t. D e p e n d in g o n th
an external curren
c u r r e n t (D C o r A C ) a nd
type of external a
r r e n t m a in ta in s
whether the cu y ,
c o n s ta n t in te n s it
constant voltage or
r o c e d u r e is c a ll e d s kin
the recording p ),
n d c o n s ta n t v o lt a g e
conductance (DC a
c e ( D C a n d c o n stant
skin resistan
a d m it ta n c e ( A C and
intensity), skin c e
o r s k in im p e d a n
constant voltage),
C a n d c o n s ta n t in te n sity).
(A
PRESENTER NO.5
SEVILLA,
CLODUALDO M
 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a network of
organs and vessels responsible for circulating blood, oxygen, nutrients, and hormones
throughout the body. Its primary components include the heart, blood vessels
(arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood.

FUNCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

The function of the cardiovascular system is to make sure your body gets the oxygen,
nutrients and other things it needs and gets rid of things it doesn’t.

The blood vessels (veins) bring blood to your heart, while others (arteries) carry blood
away from your heart. Your blood vessels also take away waste (like carbon dioxide)
from your cells.
PRESENTER NO.6
MARCELLANA,
ANDREI R
 h e a r t r a t e
U LAR Blood p re ss u r e a n d
VA S C d b y a n a r m -
RD IO Y
data are c o lle c te
CA CT IVIT encirclin g c u f f p la c e d o n th e
A . T h e c u f f is f ille d
upper ar m
a n d c o n n e c t e d to t h e
with air
m a c h in e th r o u g h
polygraph
tu b e s . C h a n g e s in
air-filled
s su r e m o d u la te s t h e
blood pre
r e in t h e c u f f. T h e s e
air pressu
e r e c o rd e d b y th e
changes ar
m a ch in e a n d
polygraph
o n a c o m p u t e r
displayed
screen
SPHYGMOMANOMETER
An instrument for measuring blood pressure, typically consisting of an inflatable
rubber cuff which is applied to the arm and connected to a column of mercury next to
a graduated scale, enabling the determination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure
by increasing and gradually releasing the pressure in the cuff.
 is b a s e d o n th e
The polygraph
of p s y c h o s o m a tic
principle
o f a n in d iv id u a l.This
interaction
a n g e ta k e s p la ce in
means, a ch
c o n s cio u s ly h o ld s
person who
m a n if e s t in to
feelings, which
c h a n g e s in h is b lo o d
physiological
e r a t e , r e s p ir a t io n
pressure, puls
al r e s p o n se . H e n c e
and electroderm
of d e te c tio n & n o t t he
it is the fear
r o d u c e s m e a s u r a b le
guilt which p
logica l r es p o n s e s .
physio
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