Plate Tectonics - large slab of rocks

Lithosphere – crust and upper mantle
Asthenosphere – lower mantle
Mohorovicic – boundary between crust and mantle
Convection Current – heat-driven cycles (air, ocean,
mantle)
DISTRIBUTION
Mountain Belts – edges of continents
Earthquake epicenter – underwater (high tecto act)
-Strategic location
Volcanoes – around pacific
-Edges of continents and pacific
MAP FORMED – distributions are aligned
BOUNDARIES
Convergent – subduction (come together)
Divergent – spreads
- new crust is created due to magma pushing
up from the mantle
Transform – Slides against each other
Atlantic Ocean – grew due to seafloor spreading (100-
200 m years) from tiny of water between Europe,
Africa, America.
Iceland – splits along the mid-atlantic ridge between
N.America (moves eastward) and Eurasian
East Africa - spreading torns Sausi Arabia away from
the Africa forming the RED SEA
TRANSFORM
San Andreas
- connects the East Pacific Rise
- divergent boundary to the south of Juan de Fuca –
diverge to north
- release of strain as the two plates slide
Convergence of Plate Tectonics
- earthquake and volcano
- ring of fire

CONVERGENCE San Andreas Fault

Oceanic-Continental
-oceanic subducts under cuz it has lower density
-strong earthquakes and rigid uplift of mountains are
common
Mount Helens is along the subduct zone of the Juan de
Fuca Plate (oceanic) and N.America (Continental)
S. American Plate is lifted up creating the Andes
Mountain
Nazca Plate is subducted under the S. American Plate
- Aerial view of Thingvellir, Iceland showing fissure zone
of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge right of the fissure
- N. American Plate- westward away from Eurusian
Plate ( left to fissure)
- Aleutian Island, arc
- Converge of Nazca and S. American plate- deformed
and pushed up limestone (Pachapaqui mining area,
Peru) to form towering peaks of the Andes.
Continental Drift Theory
-Alfred Wegener
-landmasses are in constant motion

Oceanic-Oceanic – a trench is formed Permiar – 248 m y

- forms volcanoes Triassic – 206 m y
(islands in the southeast pacific, japan) Jurassic – 150 m y
Older Plate – colder, more dense, less buoyant Cretaceous – 65 m y
- subducts under a younger plate
Young Plate – hotter, less dense, more buoyant Convergent Divergent Transform
-destructive - constructive - neither
Continent-Continent > Volcano > Ridge > fault
- 2 continents meet head on, neither is subducted > Mountains > Rift
because the continental rocks are light and like 2 > Trench
colliding icebergs. > Island Arc
- crust tends to buckle and pushed upwards or sideways
* Mountain ranges are found in places where volcanoes
DIVERGENCE and/or earthquake epicenters are also situated
-occurs along spreading centers
- Mid – Atlantic Ridge